Intensive research activities within the past 200 years have revealed that the central nervous system (CNS) is a heterogeneous, heteromorphic, multidimensional and multifunctional compound organ system. Scientists working in Comparative Anatomy and Embryology determined that the transformativeadapt›ve evolution of the CNS occurred over an extensive time period of 500 million years and continues to unfold and progress. The phylogenic, ontogenic, histogenic, angiogenic, endocrinogenic and immunogenic defined compartments of the CNS present a unique macro- and microarchitecture along the spinal cord, brain stem, diencephalon and telencephalon with archipallial, paleopallial and neopallial intertwining architecture