Artificial intelligence tools are not recognized as authors, as authorship requires a natural person. AI tools cannot assert the existence or absence of conflicts of interest, nor can they be parties to copyright or licensing agreements. Authors are fully responsible for the entire content of their manuscripts. Therefore, any liability arising from violations of publication ethics rests with the authors.

A reviewer must not upload a manuscript or any other work submitted for evaluation to AI tools or large language models for the purpose of review, assessment, or assistance in the decision-making process. Uploading unpublished manuscript or work content to AI tools by the reviewer constitutes a violation of the authors’ confidentiality and other rights. The reviewer is personally responsible for the examination and evaluation of a scientific manuscript.

An editor may use AI tools to identify suitable reviewers for peer review. However, the editor may not upload a submitted manuscript or work to AI tools or large language models for the purposes of review, examination, evaluation, or decision-making. Uploading manuscripts or works to such tools or software is considered a violation of the authors’ confidentiality and other rights.