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Doğu Akdeniz’de Antik Hellen ve Roma Devirlerinde Bir Sunu Objesi Olarak Kulak

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 75 - 83, 22.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.767045

Abstract

Bu makalede Doğu Akdeniz’de Antik Hellen ve Roma devirlerinde bir sunu objesi olarak kulaklar incelenmektedir. Makale içinde özellikle Lydia-Phrygia sunu yazıtları ve Batı Anadolu’da bulunan sunu objeleri irdelenmektedir. Ayrıca Antik Mısır uygarlığı, Kıbrıs ve İtalya’daki buluntuların genel bir değerlendirmesi metin içinde yapılmaktadır. Antik Mısır’ın 20. Hanedanlık döneminde ilk kez büyük kulak tasvirleri olan adak stelleri görülmektedir. Tanrıça Hatshepsut Tapınağı’nda tanrıça Hathor’a sunulan kulak adaklar ise 18. Hanedanlık dönemine tarihlenir. İtalya’daki kutsal alanlarda binlerce insan vücudu parçasının modelleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu adakların Etrüsklerin yerel tanrıları Vei ve Menerva’ya adandıkları görülmektedir. Yunan ve Roma kültürlerinde ise adaklar çoğunlukla Asklepios’a sunulmaktadır. Bu konuda Anadolu’daki önemli bir Merkez Pergamon’dur.

References

  • Anabolu M. U. (1995). ‘Zeus Labraundos ve Apollon Lairbenos’un Simgesi olarak Labrys’, Arkeoloji Dergisi III, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, (İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi ), 225-226.
  • Aray N., Adnan A. and Muharrem U. (2011). ‘Sular Altında Kalan Sağlık Merkezi: Allianoi / The Ancient Health Center Which Remaining Under Water: Allianoi’, Lokman Hekim Journal of Medical History and Folk Medicine, Vol. 1, No. 2, (Mersin University Medical Faculty), 16-20.
  • Chaviara-Karahaliou S. (1990). ‘Eye Votives in the Asklepieion of Ancient Corinth’, Documenta Ophthalmologica, Vol. 74, Issue 1-2, (Kluwer Academic Publishers), 135-139.
  • Chaniotis A. (1995). ‘Illness and Cures in the Greek propitiatory inscriptions and dedications of Lydia and Phrygia’, in H. F. J. Horstmanshoff, Ph. J. van der Eijk, and P. H. Schrijvers (eds.), Ancient Medicine in its Socio-Cultural Context. Papers Read at the Congress Held at Leiden University, 13-15 April 1992, (Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi), vol. II, 323-344.
  • De Luca Gioia (1984). Das Asklepieion: Via Tecta und Hallenstraße, Die Funde, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 4, (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1984).
  • Dinç G. (2010). ‘Korunması Gereken Bir Antik Sağlık Merkezi: Allianoi’ , Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, Sayı 16, (Istanbul), 100-103.
  • Dinç G. (2012). ‘Tıp Tarihi, Çevre ve Biyoetik Açısından Yitirilen Bir Değer; Allianoi/Allianoi; A Lost Value in Terms of Bioethics, History of Medicine and Environment’, Türkiye Biyoetik Derneği/Turkish Bioethics Association, Değişen Dünyada Biyoetik/Bioethics in a Changing World, (Istanbul), 344-355.
  • Drew-Bear T. (1999). ‘Phrygian votive steles in the museum of Anatolian civilizations’, XVI. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, I. Cilt, (Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, Anıtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü, 1999), 391-401.
  • Drew-Bear T., Yıldızturan, M. and Thomas, C.M. (1999). Phrygian Votive Steles, Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Ankara: Museum of Anatolian Civilizations).
  • Forsen B. (1996). Griechische Gliederweihungen. Eine Untersuchung zu ihrer Typologie und ihrer religions- und sozialgeschichtlichen Bedeutung. Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute at Athens, vol. 4 (Helsinki: Suomen Ateenan-instituutin saatio).
  • Frothingham A. L. (1917). ‘Vediovis, The Volcanic God: A Reconstruction’, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 38, No. 4, (The John Hopkins University Press, 1917), 370-391.
  • Gleba M. and Hilary B. (eds.) (2009). Votives, Places and Rituals in Etruscan Religion, Studies in Honor of Jean MacIntosh Turfa, (Leiden: Brill).
  • Grant M. (1988). The Rise of the Greeks (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988).
  • Hoffmann A. and Gioia de Luca (2011). Das Asklepieion: Die Platzhallen und die zugehörigen Annexbauten in römischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 5, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
  • Karageorghis V. (2000). Ancient Art from Cyprus. The Cesnola Collection (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art).
  • Lang M. (1977). Cure and Cult in Ancient Corinth: A Guide to the Asklepieion (Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens).
  • Pinch G. (1993). Votive Offerings to Hathor (Oxford: Griffith Institute/Ashmolean Museum, 1993).
  • Pinch G. and Elizabeth A. W. (2009). ‘Votive Practices’ In Jacco Dieleman, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), (UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles). Available from: <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp4n7rk>; accessed on 03.29.2013.
  • Ricl M. (2001). ‘Phrygian Votive Steles’, Epigraphica Anatolica, Heft 33, (Bonn), 195-198.
  • Roebuck C. (1951). Corinth Vol. XIV: The Asklepieion and Lerna, (Princeton, NJ: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens).
  • Rouse W. H. D. (1902). Greek Votive Offerings: An Essay in the History of Greek Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Sadek A. I. (1987). Popular Religion in Egypt during the New Kingdom, Hildesheimer ägyptologische Beiträge 27 (Hildesheim: Gerstenberg).
  • Atila C. and Sahan, M. (2006). ‘Tunç, Protogeometrik, Geometrik, Orientalizan, Arkaik, Klasik, Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemleri’, Şurada: Bergama Müzesi, Ed. Sarıoğlu, M.A., İzmir: Bergama Kültür ve Sanat Vakfı Belleten Dizisi: 15, 14-132.
  • Serdaroğlu Ü. (1971). ‘Euromos 1969,1970’, Anatolian Studies 21, 47-48.
  • Serdaroğlu Ü. (1973). ‘Euromos 1971, 1972’, Anatolian Studies 23, 36-37.
  • Söderlind M. (2001). ‘Man and Animal in Antiquity: Votive Figures in Central Italy from the 4th to 1st Centuries B.C.’, Man and Animal in Antiquity. Proceedings of the Conference at the Swedish Institute in Rome, (September 9-12, 2002), Barbro Santillo Frizell (ed.), (The Swedish Institute in Rome), 277-294.
  • Straten van F. T. (1981). ‘Gifts for the Gods’, in H. S. Versnel (ed.), Faith, Hope, and Worship. Aspects of Religious Mentality in the Ancient World, (Leiden: Brill), 65-151.
  • Turfa, J. M. (1994). ‘Anatomical Votives and Italian Medical Traditions’, Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria, Richard Daniel de Puma and Jocelyn Penny Small (eds.), (Madison, MA: The University of Wisconsin Press), 224-242.
  • Turfa J. M. (2006). ‘Votive Offerings in Etruscan Religion’, The Religion of The Etruscans, Nancy Thomson de Grummond and Erika Simon (eds.), (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press), 90-115.
  • Utkan M. S. (2012). ‘Antik Dönemde Batı Anadolu Tıbbı: Asklepion, Bergama/ The medicine of West Anatolia in the Archaic Period: Asclepeion, Pergamon’, (Ankara: Ankara Medical Journal 12-2), 84-88.
  • Wickkiser B. L. (2008). Asklepios, Medicine, and the Politics of Healing in Fifth-century Greece: Between Craft and Cult, (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press).
  • Wickkiser B. L. (2010). ‘Asklepios in Greek and Roman Corinth’, in Corinth in Context, Steven J. Friesen, Daniel N. Schowalter and James C. Walters (eds.), (Leiden: Brill), 37-66.
  • Yaraş A. (2006). ‘Son Buluntuların Işığında: Allianoi’, IX. Türk Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri Gevher Nesibe Darüşşifası’nın 800. Kuruluş Yılı XXIV. Gevher Nesibe Günleri (24-27 Mayıs 2006 Kayseri), 83-94.
  • Yaraş A., and Erten E. (2008). ‘Allianoi. Zwei Neue Asklepios Inschriften’, Asia Minor Studien 55, Studien zum antiken Kleinasien VI, (Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH 2008), 83-91.
  • Yaraş A. (2011). ‘Antik Sağlık Merkezi Allianoi ve Hastanesi/Allianoi, Ancient Health Center and Hospital’, Uluslararası Bergama Sempozyumu/International Bergama Symposium, (İzmir: Bergama Belediyesi Yayınları), 372-387.
  • Zieganus O. and Gioia de Luca (1968). Das Asklepieion: Der Südliche Temenosbezirk in hellenistischer und frührömischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 1, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
  • Zieganus O. (1975). Das Asklepieion: Der nördliche Temenosbezirk und angrenzende Anlagen in hellenistischer und frührömisher Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 2, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
  • Zieganus O. (1981). Das Asklepieion: Die Kultbauten aus römischer Zeit an der Ostseite des Heiligen Bezirks, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd XI, 3, (Berlin: de Gruyter).

Ear Votives in The Greek and Roman Eastern Mediterranean

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 75 - 83, 22.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.767045

Abstract

This paper is going to focus on the meaning of ear votives in the Greek and Roman Eastern Mediterranean. It will deal specifically with Lydian-Phrygian votive stelae and votive objects from western Asia Minor. In addition, a general evaluation of the finds in Ancient Egypt civilization, Cyprus and Italy is made in the text. Votive steles with large ear depictions are seen for the first time in the 20th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. The ear dedications presented to the goddess Hathor at the Temple of the Goddess Hatshepsut are dated to the 18th Dynasty. Models of thousands of human body parts have been unearthed in the sanctuary in Italy. It is seen that these votives are dedicated to Vei and Menerva, the local gods of the Etruscans. In Greek and Roman cultures, votives are mostly presented to Asclepius. An important center in this regard is Pergamon in Anatolia.

References

  • Anabolu M. U. (1995). ‘Zeus Labraundos ve Apollon Lairbenos’un Simgesi olarak Labrys’, Arkeoloji Dergisi III, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, (İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi ), 225-226.
  • Aray N., Adnan A. and Muharrem U. (2011). ‘Sular Altında Kalan Sağlık Merkezi: Allianoi / The Ancient Health Center Which Remaining Under Water: Allianoi’, Lokman Hekim Journal of Medical History and Folk Medicine, Vol. 1, No. 2, (Mersin University Medical Faculty), 16-20.
  • Chaviara-Karahaliou S. (1990). ‘Eye Votives in the Asklepieion of Ancient Corinth’, Documenta Ophthalmologica, Vol. 74, Issue 1-2, (Kluwer Academic Publishers), 135-139.
  • Chaniotis A. (1995). ‘Illness and Cures in the Greek propitiatory inscriptions and dedications of Lydia and Phrygia’, in H. F. J. Horstmanshoff, Ph. J. van der Eijk, and P. H. Schrijvers (eds.), Ancient Medicine in its Socio-Cultural Context. Papers Read at the Congress Held at Leiden University, 13-15 April 1992, (Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi), vol. II, 323-344.
  • De Luca Gioia (1984). Das Asklepieion: Via Tecta und Hallenstraße, Die Funde, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 4, (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1984).
  • Dinç G. (2010). ‘Korunması Gereken Bir Antik Sağlık Merkezi: Allianoi’ , Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, Sayı 16, (Istanbul), 100-103.
  • Dinç G. (2012). ‘Tıp Tarihi, Çevre ve Biyoetik Açısından Yitirilen Bir Değer; Allianoi/Allianoi; A Lost Value in Terms of Bioethics, History of Medicine and Environment’, Türkiye Biyoetik Derneği/Turkish Bioethics Association, Değişen Dünyada Biyoetik/Bioethics in a Changing World, (Istanbul), 344-355.
  • Drew-Bear T. (1999). ‘Phrygian votive steles in the museum of Anatolian civilizations’, XVI. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, I. Cilt, (Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, Anıtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü, 1999), 391-401.
  • Drew-Bear T., Yıldızturan, M. and Thomas, C.M. (1999). Phrygian Votive Steles, Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Ankara: Museum of Anatolian Civilizations).
  • Forsen B. (1996). Griechische Gliederweihungen. Eine Untersuchung zu ihrer Typologie und ihrer religions- und sozialgeschichtlichen Bedeutung. Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute at Athens, vol. 4 (Helsinki: Suomen Ateenan-instituutin saatio).
  • Frothingham A. L. (1917). ‘Vediovis, The Volcanic God: A Reconstruction’, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 38, No. 4, (The John Hopkins University Press, 1917), 370-391.
  • Gleba M. and Hilary B. (eds.) (2009). Votives, Places and Rituals in Etruscan Religion, Studies in Honor of Jean MacIntosh Turfa, (Leiden: Brill).
  • Grant M. (1988). The Rise of the Greeks (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988).
  • Hoffmann A. and Gioia de Luca (2011). Das Asklepieion: Die Platzhallen und die zugehörigen Annexbauten in römischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 5, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
  • Karageorghis V. (2000). Ancient Art from Cyprus. The Cesnola Collection (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art).
  • Lang M. (1977). Cure and Cult in Ancient Corinth: A Guide to the Asklepieion (Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens).
  • Pinch G. (1993). Votive Offerings to Hathor (Oxford: Griffith Institute/Ashmolean Museum, 1993).
  • Pinch G. and Elizabeth A. W. (2009). ‘Votive Practices’ In Jacco Dieleman, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), (UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles). Available from: <http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp4n7rk>; accessed on 03.29.2013.
  • Ricl M. (2001). ‘Phrygian Votive Steles’, Epigraphica Anatolica, Heft 33, (Bonn), 195-198.
  • Roebuck C. (1951). Corinth Vol. XIV: The Asklepieion and Lerna, (Princeton, NJ: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens).
  • Rouse W. H. D. (1902). Greek Votive Offerings: An Essay in the History of Greek Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Sadek A. I. (1987). Popular Religion in Egypt during the New Kingdom, Hildesheimer ägyptologische Beiträge 27 (Hildesheim: Gerstenberg).
  • Atila C. and Sahan, M. (2006). ‘Tunç, Protogeometrik, Geometrik, Orientalizan, Arkaik, Klasik, Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemleri’, Şurada: Bergama Müzesi, Ed. Sarıoğlu, M.A., İzmir: Bergama Kültür ve Sanat Vakfı Belleten Dizisi: 15, 14-132.
  • Serdaroğlu Ü. (1971). ‘Euromos 1969,1970’, Anatolian Studies 21, 47-48.
  • Serdaroğlu Ü. (1973). ‘Euromos 1971, 1972’, Anatolian Studies 23, 36-37.
  • Söderlind M. (2001). ‘Man and Animal in Antiquity: Votive Figures in Central Italy from the 4th to 1st Centuries B.C.’, Man and Animal in Antiquity. Proceedings of the Conference at the Swedish Institute in Rome, (September 9-12, 2002), Barbro Santillo Frizell (ed.), (The Swedish Institute in Rome), 277-294.
  • Straten van F. T. (1981). ‘Gifts for the Gods’, in H. S. Versnel (ed.), Faith, Hope, and Worship. Aspects of Religious Mentality in the Ancient World, (Leiden: Brill), 65-151.
  • Turfa, J. M. (1994). ‘Anatomical Votives and Italian Medical Traditions’, Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria, Richard Daniel de Puma and Jocelyn Penny Small (eds.), (Madison, MA: The University of Wisconsin Press), 224-242.
  • Turfa J. M. (2006). ‘Votive Offerings in Etruscan Religion’, The Religion of The Etruscans, Nancy Thomson de Grummond and Erika Simon (eds.), (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press), 90-115.
  • Utkan M. S. (2012). ‘Antik Dönemde Batı Anadolu Tıbbı: Asklepion, Bergama/ The medicine of West Anatolia in the Archaic Period: Asclepeion, Pergamon’, (Ankara: Ankara Medical Journal 12-2), 84-88.
  • Wickkiser B. L. (2008). Asklepios, Medicine, and the Politics of Healing in Fifth-century Greece: Between Craft and Cult, (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press).
  • Wickkiser B. L. (2010). ‘Asklepios in Greek and Roman Corinth’, in Corinth in Context, Steven J. Friesen, Daniel N. Schowalter and James C. Walters (eds.), (Leiden: Brill), 37-66.
  • Yaraş A. (2006). ‘Son Buluntuların Işığında: Allianoi’, IX. Türk Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri Gevher Nesibe Darüşşifası’nın 800. Kuruluş Yılı XXIV. Gevher Nesibe Günleri (24-27 Mayıs 2006 Kayseri), 83-94.
  • Yaraş A., and Erten E. (2008). ‘Allianoi. Zwei Neue Asklepios Inschriften’, Asia Minor Studien 55, Studien zum antiken Kleinasien VI, (Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH 2008), 83-91.
  • Yaraş A. (2011). ‘Antik Sağlık Merkezi Allianoi ve Hastanesi/Allianoi, Ancient Health Center and Hospital’, Uluslararası Bergama Sempozyumu/International Bergama Symposium, (İzmir: Bergama Belediyesi Yayınları), 372-387.
  • Zieganus O. and Gioia de Luca (1968). Das Asklepieion: Der Südliche Temenosbezirk in hellenistischer und frührömischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 1, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
  • Zieganus O. (1975). Das Asklepieion: Der nördliche Temenosbezirk und angrenzende Anlagen in hellenistischer und frührömisher Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd. XI, 2, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
  • Zieganus O. (1981). Das Asklepieion: Die Kultbauten aus römischer Zeit an der Ostseite des Heiligen Bezirks, Altertümer von Pergamon Bd XI, 3, (Berlin: de Gruyter).
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sami Patacı 0000-0003-1840-6562

Publication Date February 22, 2021
Acceptance Date December 11, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Patacı, S. (2021). Ear Votives in The Greek and Roman Eastern Mediterranean. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.767045

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