Virusların Duyarlı Konak Hücreleri Enfekte Etmek İçin Kullandıkları Bazı Reseptörler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 13 - 22, 26.12.2022

Oğuzhan Kaplan

Öz

Virus-reseptör etkileşimleri, doku tropizmi ve viral patogenezde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bir virus ve onun konakçı hücresi arasındaki etkileşim, virus partikülünün hücre yüzeyindeki spesifik reseptörlere bağlanmasıyla başlar. Bağlanma mekanizmasına aracılık eden viral tutunma proteinleri, önemli bir role sahiptir. Viral tutunma proteini, hücre yüzeyindeki reseptör ile etkileşime girerek konakçı hücrelerin kilidini açan “anahtar” olarak görülebilir. Bu anahtar-kilit model etkileşimleri, virusların konakçı hücrelerine başarılı bir şekilde girmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Yüzey glikoproteinleri, kanyon gibi hücresel reseptörlere bağlanan bağlayıcı cepler, uzatılmış halkalar içeren viral kapsid proteinleri viral bağlanma mekanizmasının önemli parçalarındandır. Bu bağlanma mekanizması sırasında virus ve hücre arasında çoklu etkileşimler meydana gelmektedir. Viruslar bir veya daha fazla reseptöre bağlanmak, plazma membran bariyerini aşmak ve konak hücre içerisine girmek için çeşitli stratejiler kullanmaktadır. Enfeksiyonlarda viruslar reseptörleri kullanırken belirli molekül sınıflarını hedeflediği yapılan çalışmalarla tespit edilmiştir. İntegrinler, nektinler ve immunoglobulin üst ailesi üyeleri, virusların yaygın olarak kullandığı reseptörlerden bazılarıdır. Ayrıca virus-konak etkileşim mekanizmalarının açıklığa kavuşturulması açısından keşfedilmeyi bekleyen birçok reseptör vardır. Virolojinin en dinamik alanlarından biri, konak hücreler üzerindeki bu virus reseptörlerinin tanımlanmasıyla ilgilidir. Bu derlemede, veteriner hekimlikte öne çıkanlar başta olmak üzere bazı virus aileleri tarafından konakçı hücreler üzerinde hangi reseptörlerin kullanıldığı güncel çalışmalar ışığında ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epitop, hücre, glikoprotein, reseptör, virus konak etkileşimleri

Certain receptors used by viruses to infect susceptible host cells

Öz

Virus-host interactions are crucial in viral pathogenesis and tissue tropism. The interaction between a virus and its host cell begins with the binding of the virus particle to specific receptors on the cell surface. Viral binding proteins that mediate the binding mechanism play an important role. The viral attachment protein can be seen as the "key" that unlocks host cells by interacting with the receptor on the cell surface. These key-lock model interactions are critical to the successful entry of viruses into host cells. Surface glycoproteins, binding pockets that bind to cellular receptors such as canyons, and viral capsid proteins containing extended loops are important parts of the viral attachment mechanism. During this attachment mechanism, multiple interactions occur between the virus and the cell. Viruses use a variety of strategies to bind to one or more receptors, cross the plasma membrane barrier, and enter the host cell. The viral attachment protein can be seen as the "key" that unlocks host cells by interacting with the receptor on the cell surface. These key-lock model interactions are critical to the successful entry of viruses into host cells. It has been determined by studies that viruses target certain classes of molecules while using receptors in infections. Integrins, nectins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are some of the receptors commonly used by viruses. Furthermore, many receptors are awaiting discovery in order to clarify the virus-host interaction mechanisms. The identification of these viral receptors on host cells is one of the most active fields of virology. In this review, it is aimed to reveal which receptors on host cells are used by some virus families, especially those that are prominent in veterinary medicine, in the light of current studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epitope, cell, glycoprotein, receptor, virus host interaction

Kaynakça

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