Sekülerleşmeye Farklı Teorik Perspektifler ve Göçün Avrupa’nın Gelecekteki Dindarlığı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 263 - 288, 01.06.2022

Tuğba Gürçel Akdemir

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.09

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Sekülerleşme ve dindarlığın yükselişi tartışması, Ortadoğu’da yaşanan çatışmalar nedeniyle Avrupa’ya yönelen yoğun göçle birlikte farklı bir boyuta taşındı. Sekülerleşme literatürü, modernleşme ile uyumlu olarak doğrusal bir yükseliş trendi bekliyor ve Avrupa’nın her ikisi için de merkez noktası olmasını öngörüyordu. Bu çalışma, sekülerleşme tartışmasını ele alarak güncel göç dalgasını, bu görece ihmal edilmiş olan bağlamda incelemektedir. Ana fikir, sekülerleşme kuramları içerisinde dinde pazar modeli yaklaşımının ve varoluşsal güvenlik paradigmasının Avrupa’da din-devlet ilişkilerinin geleceği ile ilgili daha geniş bir açıklama gücüne sahip olduğudur. Buna göre, klasik sekülerleşme kuramlarının beklediğinin aksine, göçün sonucu olarak dini çoğulculuk ve hem doğum oranları hem de dindarlıkları Avrupalılardan daha yüksek olan Müslüman göçmenlerin Avrupa’daki dindarlığı artırmaları öngörülmektedir. Bu manada, dini alandaki tartışmaları büyük ölçüde geride bırakmış olan Avrupa, yaşanan göç fenomeni nedeniyle yeni bir mücadele ile karşı karşıya kalabilir.

Keywords

Sekülerleşme, Göç, Avrupa, Dini Çoğulculuk, Dindarlık

Different Theoretical Perspectives to Secularization and the Impact of Migration on Future Religiosity of Europe

Abstract

Secularization versus religious revival debate has been shifted to another dimension with the mass migration targeting Europe because of the conflicts in the Middle East. The literature concerning secularism was expecting a linear trend in line with the modernization and Europe was considered to be the nexus of both. This study delineates the secularization debate for evaluating the recent trend of migration within this rather neglected scope. The main argument is that among the secularization theories, religious market model and existential security paradigm have a greater explanatory power for the future state-religion relations in Europe. They indicate that as a result of migration, contrary to the expectation of classical secularism theories, the overall religiosity might increase in Europe due to the pluralization of the religious realm as well as the fact that Muslim migrants who are more religious also have higher fertility rate than Europeans. In that sense, Europe, which seemed to settle the dispute concerning religious realm for years now might be faced with a new challenge due to the migration phenomenon.

Keywords

Secularization, Migration, Europe, Religious Pluralization, Religiosity

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