Çoktaraflılığı Sorgulama: Kavramsal Yeniden Değerlendirme ve Batı Çoktaraflı Düzeninde Gerileme

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 176 - 200, 28.02.2022

Tamer Kaşıkçı

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.06

Abstract

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ABD önderliğinde kurulan ve Sovyetlerin çöküşü ile birlikte rakipsiz kalan Batı Çoktaraflı Düzeni (BÇD) son günlerde çok boyutlu bir kriz sürecinin içerisine girmiştir. Bu durum akademik ve politik topluluklar içerisinde BÇD’nin geleceği ve alternatif düzenlerin gelişimi hakkında tartışmaların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu makale söz konusu krizin anlaşılabilmesi için teorik bir çerçeve sunma amacındadır. Çalışma, BÇD’nin içerisinde yer aldığı krizi anlayabilmek için düzenin merkezinde yer alan çoktaraflılık kavramına odaklanılması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma Ruggie’nin çok taraflılık tanımının özellikle güç ilişkileri bağlamında geliştirilmesinin gerektiğini ve çok taraflılığın güç, çıkar ve kimlik unsurlarının bir bileşimi olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Teorik bölümde geliştirilen üç sütunlu model BÇD’nin gerilemesi örnek olayına uygulanmaktadır. BÇD’nin içerisinde yer aldığı krizin uluslararası sistemdeki güç değişimine ve düzenin üyelerinin kimlik ve çıkar farklılaşmalarına dayandığı savunulmaktadır.

Keywords

Çoktaraflılık, Batı Çok Taraflı Düzeni, Sosyal İnşacılık, Değişim

Questioning Multilateralism: Conceptual Re-Evaluation and the Decline in the Western Multilateral Order

Abstract

The Western multilateral order (WMO), which was established under the leadership of the US after the Second World War, and remained unrivaled with the collapse of the USSR, has recently entered a multidimensional crisis process. This situation aggravates doubts about the future of the WMO and the development of alternative international order scenarios both in academic and political communities. This study aims to develop a theoretical conceptual basis for understanding the crisis in question. The study suggests that in order to understand the crisis in the WMO, it was necessary to focus on the concept of multilateralism that formed its basis. In this context, the study develops Ruggie's definition of multilateralism, arguing that the definition should be expanded, especially in the context of power relations, and that multilateralism should be evaluated as a combination of power, interest, and identity elements. The three-pillar multilateral model developed in the theoretical section is then applied to the case of the decline of the WMO. It is argued that the decline of the WMO rests upon the change in the distribution of power in the international system and the differentiation of both identities and interests of the members in the order.

Keywords

Multilateralism, Western Multilateral Order, Social Constructivism, Change

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