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Theoretical Investigation on Static Analysis of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 483 - 490, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.734770

Abstract

Composite materials, which have been used especially in the construction sector to strength beams and columns, have been produced in pultruded GFRP profiles with different geometries with the pultrusion method. Pultruded GFRP profiles are an alternative to traditional building elements in many construction applications thanks to their superior properties such as high strength, chemical resistance, thermal and electrical insulation. Pultruded GFRP profiles are exposed to various loads and change shapes due to the effect of these loads. It is very important to determine the load and deformation capacities as structural members. These profiles are often exposed to bending while serving as beams. In this study, a multiscale analysis of the deflection and stress behavior of pultruded GFRP composite beam is presented. The proposed formulations are verified using the results of experimental and numerical studies. The comparison of the analytical results to both experimental and finite element results revealed that the differences between analytical results and the experimental and numerical findings are less than 1%, which indicates an excellent agreement.

References

  • [1] S. Satasivam, Y. Bai, and X.-L. Zhao, "Adhesively bonded modular GFRP web–flange sandwich for building floor construction," Composite Structures, vol. 111, pp. 381-392, 2014.
  • [2] J.R. Correia, F.A. Branco, and J.G. Ferreira, "Flexural behaviour of GFRP–concrete hybrid beams with interconnection slip", Composite Structures, vol. 77, pp. 66-78, 2007.
  • [3] J.R. Correia, F.A. Branco, and J.G. Ferreira, "Flexural behaviour of multi-span GFRP-concrete hybrid beams", Engineering Structures, vol. 31, pp. 1369-1381, 2009.
  • [5] G. Boscato and S. Ientile, "Experimental and numerical investigation on dynamic properties of thin-walled GFRP buckled columns", Composite Structures, vol. 189, pp. 273-285, 2018.
  • [6] Bedford, URL: http://bedfordreinforced.com (Visited on Feb. 15, 2020)
  • [7] M. Sarıbıyık, F. Aydin, N. Cağlar, and A. Sarıbıyık, “Use of the Pultruded Glass Reinforced Plastic in the Modelling of Earthquake Resistant Structure”, In 8th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, pp. 15-17, 2008.
  • [8] M. Bell, D. Fick, R. Ament and N.M. Lister, "The Use of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers in Wildlife Crossing Infrastructure", Sustainability, vol. 12(4), pp. 1557, 2020.
  • [9] J. Arbaoui, M. Tarfaoui, and A. El Malki Alaoui, "Dynamical characterisation and damage mechanisms of E-glass/vinylester woven composites at high strain rates compression", Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 50, pp. 3313-3323, 2016.
  • [10] E. Madenci, "A refined functional and mixed formulation to static analyses of fgm beams," Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 69, pp. 427-437, 2019.
  • [11] A. Özütok and E. Madenci, "Static analysis of laminated composite beams based on higher-order shear deformation theory by using mixed-type finite element method", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 130, pp. 234-243, 2017.
  • [12] L. Gemi, C. Aksoylu, Ş. Yazman, Y.O. Özkılıç, and M.H. Arslan, "Experimental investigation of shear capacity and damage analysis of thinned end prefabricated concrete purlins strengthened by CFRP composite", Composite Structures, p. 111399, 2019.
  • [13] V. Kahya, S. Karaca, F.Y. Okur, A.C. Altunışık, and M. Aslan, "Free vibrations of laminated composite beams with multiple edge cracks: Numerical model and experimental validation", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 159, pp. 30-42, 2019.
  • [14] L. Almeida-Fernandes, N. Silvestre, and J.R. Correia, "Characterization of transverse fracture properties of pultruded GFRP material in tension", Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 175, p. 107095, 2019.
  • [15] C. Wang, "Test on pultruded GFRP I-section under web crippling", Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 77, pp. 27-37, 2015.
  • [16] H. Xin, A.S. Mosallam, Y. Liu, C. Wang, and J. He, "Experimental and numerical investigation on assessing local bearing behavior of a pultruded GFRP bridge deck", Composite Structures, vol. 204, pp. 712-730, 2018.
  • [17] A. Saribiyik and M. Saribiyik, "Design of permanent greenhouse structure by pultruded glass reinforced plastic", Scientific Research and Essays, vol. 6, pp. 3629-3637, 2011.
  • [18] A. Saribiyik and N. Caglar, "Flexural strengthening of RC beams with low-strength concrete using GFRP and CFRP", Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 58, pp. 825-845, 2016.
  • [19] E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç, and L. Gemi, "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Flexure Performance of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams with Damage Analyses", Composite Structures, vol. 242, pp. 112162, 2020.
  • [20] J. N. Reddy, Mechanics of laminated composite plates and shells: theory and analysis: CRC press, 2004.
  • [21] J. N. Reddy, "Energy principles and variational methods in applied mechanics", John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
  • [22] Y.O. Özkılıç, E. Madenci, and L. Gemi, "Tensile and compressive behaviors of the pultruded GFRP lamina", Turkish Journal of Engineering (TUJE), vol. 4, pp. 169-175, 2020.
  • [23] Y.O. Özkılıç, "A new replaceable fuse for moment resisting frames: Replaceable bolted reduced beam section connections", Steel and Composite Structures, vol. 35(3), pp. 353-370, 2020.
  • [24] L. Gemi, “Investigation of the effect of stacking sequence on low velocity impact response and damage formation in hybrid composite pipes under internal pressure. A comparative study”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 153, pp. 217-232, 2018.
  • [25] L. Gemi, Ö.S. Şahin, and A. Akdemir, “Experimental investigation of fatigue damage formation of hybrid pipes subjected to impact loading under internal pre-stress”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 119, pp. 196-205, 2017.
  • [26] L. Gemi, M. Kayrıcı, M. Uludağ, D.S. Gemi and Ö.S. Şahin, “Experimental and statistical analysis of low velocity impact response of filament wound composite pipes”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 149, pp. 38-48, 2018.
  • [27] L. Gemi, U. Köklü, Ş. Yazman and S. Morkavuk, “The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-1 mechanical characterization and drilling tests”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 186, pp. 107787, 2020.
  • [4] F. Aydın, A. Sarıbıyık, M. Sarıbıyık, and M. Ipek, "Experimental Study of Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Hybrid Beams", Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 134(1) pp. 244-247, 2018
  • [5] M. Saribiyik, and P. D. Gosling, "Experimental study of a bonded plastic fiber reinforced polymer connector assembly", Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 8(6), pp. 549-559, 2004.
  • [6] A. Vedernikov, A. Safonov, F. Tucci, P. Carlone, and I. Akhatov, “Pultruded materials and structures: A review”, Journal of Composite Materials, In Press, 2020.
  • [7] M. Saribiyik, "Design of light-weight structure by pultruded glass reinforced plastic", Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 22(1), pp.199-205, 2007.
  • [8] M. Sarıbıyık, A. Cumhur, F. Aydın, and A. Sarıbıyık, “Pultruzyon Metodu İle Üretilen Cam Fiber Takviyeli Plastik Profillerin Sera Modellemesinde Kullanılması”, International Symposium On Advances In Earthquake & Structural Engineering, pp. 674-682, Antalya, Turkey, October 24-26 2007.
  • [32] L. Gemi, S. Morkavuk, U. Köklü and Ş. Yazman, “The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-1 damage analysis and surface quality”, Composite Structures, vol. 235, pp. 111737, 2020.
  • [33] C. Aksoylu, Ş. Yazman, Y.O. Özkılıç, L. Gemi and M.H. Arslan, “Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete shear deficient beams with circular web openings strengthened by CFRP composite”, Composite Structures, vol. 249, pp. 112561, 2020.
  • [34] L. Gemi, E. Madenci and Y.O. Özkılıç, “Çelik, Cam FRP ve Hibrit Donatılı Betonarme Kirişlerin Eğilme Performansının İncelenmesi”, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 8(2), pp. 1470-1483, 2020.
  • [35] E. Madenci, L. Gemi and Y.O. Özkılıç, “An Investigation on Flexure Behavior of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Beams”, 1st International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, pp. 379-384, 23-25 October, Afyon, Turkey, 2019.
  • [36] E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç and L. Gemi, “The Effects of Length to Depth Ratio on the Reinforced Concrete Pultruded GFRP Beams”, 1st International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, pp. 386-391, 23-25 October, Afyon, Turkey, 2019.
  • [37] Y.O. Özkılıç, E. Madenci and L. Gemi, “Performance of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Beams under Quasistatic Load”, 5th International Conference on Engineering Science, pp. 207-2212, 19 September, Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
  • [38] Y.O. Özkılıç, L. Gemi and E. Madenci. “Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Filled Pultruded GFRP Beams Strengthened by GFRP Composites”, 5th International Conference on Engineering Science, pp. 213-217, 19 September, Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
  • [39] L. Gemi, E. Madenci and Y.O. Özkılıç, “Investigation of Reinforced Concrete-Filled Pultruded Beams Strengthened By GFRP Composite”, The International Alumınıum-Themed Engineering and Natural Sciences Conference, pp. 313-316, October 4-6, Seydişehir, Turkey, 2019.
  • [40] L. Gemi, Y.O. Özkılıç and E. Madenci. “An Experimental Investigation on Buckling Behavior of the Pultruded GFRP Beam”, The International Alumınıum-Themed Engineering and Natural Sciences Conference, pp. 306-308, 4-6 October, Seydişehir, Turkey, 2019.
  • [41] A. Saribiyik, B. Abodan, and M.T. Balci, “Experimental study on shear strengthening of RC beams with basalt FRP strips using different wrapping methods”, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, In Press, 2020.
  • [42] A. Castellano, A. Fraddosio, S. Marzano, and M.D. Piccioni, “Some advancements in the ultrasonic evaluation of initial stress states by the analysis of the acoustoelastic effect”, Procedia Engineering vol. 199, pp. 1519-1526, 2017.
  • [43] L. Gemi, and M.A. Köroğlu, “Çekme bölgesi lifli beton olan cam fiber takviyeli polimer (GFRP) ve çelik donatılı etriyesiz kirişlerin eğilme etkisi altındaki davranışı ve hasar analizi”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 6, pp. 654-667, 2018.
  • [44] L. Gemi, M.A. Köroğlu, and A. Ashour, “Experimental study on compressive behavior and failure analysis of composite concrete confined by glass/epoxy ±55° filament wound pipes”, Composite Structures, vol. 187, pp. 157-168, 2018.
  • [45] A. Castellano, P. Foti, A. Fraddosio, U. Galietti, S. Marzano, and M.D. Piccioni, "Characterization of Material Damage by Ultrasonic Immersion Test", Procedia Engineering, vol. 109, pp. 395-402, 2015.
  • [46] E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç, L. Gemi, “Buckling and free vibration analyses of pultruded GFRP laminated composites: Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations”, Composite Structures, vol. 254, pp. 112806, 2020.

Theoretical Investigation on Static Analysis of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 483 - 490, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.734770

Abstract

Composite materials, which have been used especially in the construction sector to strength beams and columns, have been produced in pultruded GFRP profiles with different geometries with the pultrusion method. Pultruded GFRP profiles are an alternative to traditional building elements in many construction applications thanks to their superior properties such as high strength, chemical resistance, thermal and electrical insulation. Pultruded GFRP profiles are exposed to various loads and change shapes due to the effect of these loads. It is very important to determine the load and deformation capacities as structural members. These profiles are often exposed to bending while serving as beams. In this study, a multiscale analysis of the deflection and stress behavior of pultruded GFRP composite beam is presented. The proposed formulations are verified using experimental and numerical studies. For experimental study, three types of specimens which were extracted from a pultruded profile with dimensions of 150x100x6 were utilized. For numerical study, a commercial finite element software Abaqus was used. The analytical results were compared with both experimental and finite element results. The differences between analytical results and the experimental and numerical findings are less than 1% which indicates an excellent agreement.

References

  • [1] S. Satasivam, Y. Bai, and X.-L. Zhao, "Adhesively bonded modular GFRP web–flange sandwich for building floor construction," Composite Structures, vol. 111, pp. 381-392, 2014.
  • [2] J.R. Correia, F.A. Branco, and J.G. Ferreira, "Flexural behaviour of GFRP–concrete hybrid beams with interconnection slip", Composite Structures, vol. 77, pp. 66-78, 2007.
  • [3] J.R. Correia, F.A. Branco, and J.G. Ferreira, "Flexural behaviour of multi-span GFRP-concrete hybrid beams", Engineering Structures, vol. 31, pp. 1369-1381, 2009.
  • [5] G. Boscato and S. Ientile, "Experimental and numerical investigation on dynamic properties of thin-walled GFRP buckled columns", Composite Structures, vol. 189, pp. 273-285, 2018.
  • [6] Bedford, URL: http://bedfordreinforced.com (Visited on Feb. 15, 2020)
  • [7] M. Sarıbıyık, F. Aydin, N. Cağlar, and A. Sarıbıyık, “Use of the Pultruded Glass Reinforced Plastic in the Modelling of Earthquake Resistant Structure”, In 8th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, pp. 15-17, 2008.
  • [8] M. Bell, D. Fick, R. Ament and N.M. Lister, "The Use of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers in Wildlife Crossing Infrastructure", Sustainability, vol. 12(4), pp. 1557, 2020.
  • [9] J. Arbaoui, M. Tarfaoui, and A. El Malki Alaoui, "Dynamical characterisation and damage mechanisms of E-glass/vinylester woven composites at high strain rates compression", Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 50, pp. 3313-3323, 2016.
  • [10] E. Madenci, "A refined functional and mixed formulation to static analyses of fgm beams," Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 69, pp. 427-437, 2019.
  • [11] A. Özütok and E. Madenci, "Static analysis of laminated composite beams based on higher-order shear deformation theory by using mixed-type finite element method", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 130, pp. 234-243, 2017.
  • [12] L. Gemi, C. Aksoylu, Ş. Yazman, Y.O. Özkılıç, and M.H. Arslan, "Experimental investigation of shear capacity and damage analysis of thinned end prefabricated concrete purlins strengthened by CFRP composite", Composite Structures, p. 111399, 2019.
  • [13] V. Kahya, S. Karaca, F.Y. Okur, A.C. Altunışık, and M. Aslan, "Free vibrations of laminated composite beams with multiple edge cracks: Numerical model and experimental validation", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 159, pp. 30-42, 2019.
  • [14] L. Almeida-Fernandes, N. Silvestre, and J.R. Correia, "Characterization of transverse fracture properties of pultruded GFRP material in tension", Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 175, p. 107095, 2019.
  • [15] C. Wang, "Test on pultruded GFRP I-section under web crippling", Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 77, pp. 27-37, 2015.
  • [16] H. Xin, A.S. Mosallam, Y. Liu, C. Wang, and J. He, "Experimental and numerical investigation on assessing local bearing behavior of a pultruded GFRP bridge deck", Composite Structures, vol. 204, pp. 712-730, 2018.
  • [17] A. Saribiyik and M. Saribiyik, "Design of permanent greenhouse structure by pultruded glass reinforced plastic", Scientific Research and Essays, vol. 6, pp. 3629-3637, 2011.
  • [18] A. Saribiyik and N. Caglar, "Flexural strengthening of RC beams with low-strength concrete using GFRP and CFRP", Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 58, pp. 825-845, 2016.
  • [19] E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç, and L. Gemi, "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Flexure Performance of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams with Damage Analyses", Composite Structures, vol. 242, pp. 112162, 2020.
  • [20] J. N. Reddy, Mechanics of laminated composite plates and shells: theory and analysis: CRC press, 2004.
  • [21] J. N. Reddy, "Energy principles and variational methods in applied mechanics", John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
  • [22] Y.O. Özkılıç, E. Madenci, and L. Gemi, "Tensile and compressive behaviors of the pultruded GFRP lamina", Turkish Journal of Engineering (TUJE), vol. 4, pp. 169-175, 2020.
  • [23] Y.O. Özkılıç, "A new replaceable fuse for moment resisting frames: Replaceable bolted reduced beam section connections", Steel and Composite Structures, vol. 35(3), pp. 353-370, 2020.
  • [24] L. Gemi, “Investigation of the effect of stacking sequence on low velocity impact response and damage formation in hybrid composite pipes under internal pressure. A comparative study”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 153, pp. 217-232, 2018.
  • [25] L. Gemi, Ö.S. Şahin, and A. Akdemir, “Experimental investigation of fatigue damage formation of hybrid pipes subjected to impact loading under internal pre-stress”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 119, pp. 196-205, 2017.
  • [26] L. Gemi, M. Kayrıcı, M. Uludağ, D.S. Gemi and Ö.S. Şahin, “Experimental and statistical analysis of low velocity impact response of filament wound composite pipes”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 149, pp. 38-48, 2018.
  • [27] L. Gemi, U. Köklü, Ş. Yazman and S. Morkavuk, “The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-1 mechanical characterization and drilling tests”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 186, pp. 107787, 2020.
  • [4] F. Aydın, A. Sarıbıyık, M. Sarıbıyık, and M. Ipek, "Experimental Study of Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams and Hybrid Beams", Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 134(1) pp. 244-247, 2018
  • [5] M. Saribiyik, and P. D. Gosling, "Experimental study of a bonded plastic fiber reinforced polymer connector assembly", Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 8(6), pp. 549-559, 2004.
  • [6] A. Vedernikov, A. Safonov, F. Tucci, P. Carlone, and I. Akhatov, “Pultruded materials and structures: A review”, Journal of Composite Materials, In Press, 2020.
  • [7] M. Saribiyik, "Design of light-weight structure by pultruded glass reinforced plastic", Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 22(1), pp.199-205, 2007.
  • [8] M. Sarıbıyık, A. Cumhur, F. Aydın, and A. Sarıbıyık, “Pultruzyon Metodu İle Üretilen Cam Fiber Takviyeli Plastik Profillerin Sera Modellemesinde Kullanılması”, International Symposium On Advances In Earthquake & Structural Engineering, pp. 674-682, Antalya, Turkey, October 24-26 2007.
  • [32] L. Gemi, S. Morkavuk, U. Köklü and Ş. Yazman, “The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-1 damage analysis and surface quality”, Composite Structures, vol. 235, pp. 111737, 2020.
  • [33] C. Aksoylu, Ş. Yazman, Y.O. Özkılıç, L. Gemi and M.H. Arslan, “Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete shear deficient beams with circular web openings strengthened by CFRP composite”, Composite Structures, vol. 249, pp. 112561, 2020.
  • [34] L. Gemi, E. Madenci and Y.O. Özkılıç, “Çelik, Cam FRP ve Hibrit Donatılı Betonarme Kirişlerin Eğilme Performansının İncelenmesi”, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 8(2), pp. 1470-1483, 2020.
  • [35] E. Madenci, L. Gemi and Y.O. Özkılıç, “An Investigation on Flexure Behavior of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Beams”, 1st International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, pp. 379-384, 23-25 October, Afyon, Turkey, 2019.
  • [36] E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç and L. Gemi, “The Effects of Length to Depth Ratio on the Reinforced Concrete Pultruded GFRP Beams”, 1st International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, pp. 386-391, 23-25 October, Afyon, Turkey, 2019.
  • [37] Y.O. Özkılıç, E. Madenci and L. Gemi, “Performance of Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Beams under Quasistatic Load”, 5th International Conference on Engineering Science, pp. 207-2212, 19 September, Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
  • [38] Y.O. Özkılıç, L. Gemi and E. Madenci. “Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Filled Pultruded GFRP Beams Strengthened by GFRP Composites”, 5th International Conference on Engineering Science, pp. 213-217, 19 September, Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
  • [39] L. Gemi, E. Madenci and Y.O. Özkılıç, “Investigation of Reinforced Concrete-Filled Pultruded Beams Strengthened By GFRP Composite”, The International Alumınıum-Themed Engineering and Natural Sciences Conference, pp. 313-316, October 4-6, Seydişehir, Turkey, 2019.
  • [40] L. Gemi, Y.O. Özkılıç and E. Madenci. “An Experimental Investigation on Buckling Behavior of the Pultruded GFRP Beam”, The International Alumınıum-Themed Engineering and Natural Sciences Conference, pp. 306-308, 4-6 October, Seydişehir, Turkey, 2019.
  • [41] A. Saribiyik, B. Abodan, and M.T. Balci, “Experimental study on shear strengthening of RC beams with basalt FRP strips using different wrapping methods”, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, In Press, 2020.
  • [42] A. Castellano, A. Fraddosio, S. Marzano, and M.D. Piccioni, “Some advancements in the ultrasonic evaluation of initial stress states by the analysis of the acoustoelastic effect”, Procedia Engineering vol. 199, pp. 1519-1526, 2017.
  • [43] L. Gemi, and M.A. Köroğlu, “Çekme bölgesi lifli beton olan cam fiber takviyeli polimer (GFRP) ve çelik donatılı etriyesiz kirişlerin eğilme etkisi altındaki davranışı ve hasar analizi”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 6, pp. 654-667, 2018.
  • [44] L. Gemi, M.A. Köroğlu, and A. Ashour, “Experimental study on compressive behavior and failure analysis of composite concrete confined by glass/epoxy ±55° filament wound pipes”, Composite Structures, vol. 187, pp. 157-168, 2018.
  • [45] A. Castellano, P. Foti, A. Fraddosio, U. Galietti, S. Marzano, and M.D. Piccioni, "Characterization of Material Damage by Ultrasonic Immersion Test", Procedia Engineering, vol. 109, pp. 395-402, 2015.
  • [46] E. Madenci, Y.O. Özkılıç, L. Gemi, “Buckling and free vibration analyses of pultruded GFRP laminated composites: Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations”, Composite Structures, vol. 254, pp. 112806, 2020.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emrah Madenci 0000-0001-8279-9466

Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç 0000-0001-9354-4784

Lokman Gemi 0000-0002-9895-6574

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Submission Date May 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE E. Madenci, Y. O. Özkılıç, and L. Gemi, “Theoretical Investigation on Static Analysis of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams”, APJES, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 483–490, 2020, doi: 10.21541/apjes.734770.