NINE MODELS OF LEADERSHIP ATATÜRK DISPLAYED

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 59 - 84, 30.06.2021

Kenan Akarslan

Abstract

Atatürk is recognized and taught as a great leader in Turkey and the world. It can be observed that his leadership was first acclaimed internationally after Çanakkale or Gallipoli wars. The studies on Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s leadership types adopt one perspective or another and analyse his leadership accordingly. The main aim of this article is to delve into more number of leadership models Atatürk displayed throughout his life. Therefore, it takes Bush and Glover’s (2003) nine leadership models, which they compiled benefitting from Leithwood et al (1999), as the basis and these models are summarized and explained briefly. Relevant themes appearing from the events in and biographical or autobiographical records of Atatürk’s life are provided to investigate and exemplify the leadership models he embodied.

Keywords

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, leadership, models of leadership, transformational leadership, instructional leadership

ATATÜRK'ÜN SERGİLEDİĞİ DOKUZ LİDERLİK MODELİ

Abstract

Atatürk Türkiye’de ve dünyada büyük bir lider olarak tanınmakta ve öğretilmektedir. Liderliğinin uluslararası alanda ilk kez Çanakkale veya Gelibolu savaşlarından sonra kabul gördüğü gözlemlenebilir. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün liderlik stilleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar şu ya da bu açılarını benimsemekte ve liderliğini buna göre analiz etmektedir. Bu makalenin temel amacı, Atatürk’ün yaşamı boyunca sergilediği daha fazla sayıda liderlik modelini incelemektir. Bu nedenle, Bush ve Glover’in (2003) Leithwood ve diğerlerinden (1999) yararlanarak derledikleri dokuz liderlik modeli esas alınmakta ve bu modeller özetlenerek kısaca açıklanmaktadır. Atatürk’ün gösterdiği liderlik modellerini incelemek ve örneklendirmek için hayatındaki olaylardan ve biyografik veya otobiyografik kayıtlardan ortaya çıkan ilgili temalar sunulmaktadır.

Keywords

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, liderlik, liderlik modelleri, dönüşümsel liderlik, eğitimsel liderlik

References

• Allix, N.M. (2000). Transformational Leadership: Democratic or Despotic? Educational Management and Administration, 28 (1), 7–20.
• Arıkan, S. (2001). Otoriter ve demokratik liderlik tarzları açısından Atatürk'ün liderlik davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi , 19 (1) , 231-257 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/huniibf/issue/29681/319222
• Atatürk, M. K. (2014). Zâbit ve kumandan ile hasbihal. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
• Atatürk, K. (1963). A Speech Delivered by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: 1927. Ministry of Education Print. Plant.
• Axtmann, R. (1998). State formation and the disciplined individual in Weber’s historical sociology. In Max Weber, Democracy and Modernization (pp. 32-46). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
• Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. Sage Publication: London.
• Bay, A. (2011). Ataturk: lessons in leadership from the greatest general of the Ottoman Empire. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Bayar, C. (2009). Atatürk gibi düşünmek. Der: İsmet Bozdağ. Truva Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Bozdağ, İ. (2009). Celal Bayar anlatıyor: Bilinmeyen Atatürk. Truva Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). The strategies for taking charge. Leaders, New York: Harper. Row, 41.
• Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (1984). Modern Approaches to Understanding and Managing Organisations. San Francisco, Jossey Bass.
• Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2002). Pilot new visions evaluation: First interim report. Nottingham, NCSL.
• Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2003). School leadership: Concepts and evidence.
• Chirichello, M. (1999). Building Capacity for Change: Transformational Leadership for School Principals. Paper presented at ICSEI Conference, January 3–6, San Antonio.
• Copland, M. (2001). The myth of the superprincipal. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 528–32.
• Cuban, L. (1988). Managerial imperative and the practice of leadership in schools, the. Suny Press.
• Çulpan, R., (2009, November 2). Atatürk As A Transformational Leader [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.ataturksociety.org/ataturk-as-a-transformational-leader/
• Day, C., Harris, A., & Hadfield M. (2001). Challenging the orthodoxy of effective school leadership, International Journal of Leadership in Education, 4 (1), 39–56.
• Deal, R. A. (2015). The Young Atatürk: From Ottoman Soldier to Statesman of Turkey. Insight Turkey, 17(1), 236.
• Derman, G. 2020. The Main Differences Between Leadership And Management “Atatürk’s Leadership”. [online] Ijses.org. Available at: <http://www.ijses.org/index.php/ijses/article/view/248> [Accessed 13 December 2020].
• Duran, A. I. (1997). 21. Yüzyılda Kemalist gençliğe düşen görev: İTÜ 10 kasim 1999 Atatürk'ü anma töreni konuşmasi. Aydınlanma 1923, 29(29), 8-9.
• Erdem, M. (n.d.). Atatürk Hakkında Bilmek İstediğiniz Herşey. Retrieved December 12, 2020, from https://www.atam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/Menendi-ERDEM-%e2%80%93-Bir-E%c4%9fitim-Lideri-Olarak-Atat%c3%bcrk.pdf
• Erdem, A. R. (2014). Atatürk’ün bilime verdiği önem: Bilimi ve bilimsel düşünceyi hayatta rehber edinmesi. Belgi Dergisi, (8), 1033-1046.
• Erdem, A. R. (2012). Atatürk’ün liderliğinde üniversite reformu: yükseköğretim ve bilim tarihimizde dönüm noktası. Belgi Dergisi, 4 (2), 376-388
• Esteban, J. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/33094097/Case_Analysis_Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturks_Leadership on December, 19, 2020
• Campbell, R. (1968). Administrative Science Quarterly, 13(2), 344-348. doi:10.2307/2391461
• Gallagher, C. C. R. (2016). Muddling Leadership and Management in the United States Army. Army Press Online Journal, 16(32), 1–8.
• Gawrych, G. W. (2013). The young Atatürk: From Ottoman soldier to statesman of Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing.
• Gold, A., Evans, J., Earley, P., Halpin, D. and Collarbone, P. (2002). Principled Principals? Values-driven Leadership: Evidence from Ten Case Studies of ‘Outstanding’ Leaders. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, April.
• Greenfield, T. B., & Ribbins, P. (1993). Greenfield on educational administration: Towards a humane science. Psychology Press.
• Gunter, H. (2001). Leaders and Leadership in Education. London, Paul Chapman.
• Güney, S. (1992). Fiedler'in Durumsal Önderlik Modeli Açısından Atatürk'ün Önderliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 8(23), 309-316.
• Hai, W. W. L. J. O., Moiden, L. A. H., & Mohaiyadin, N. M. (2019). Qualities of transformational leader: A study on mustafa kemal Ataturk. Retrieved from http://conference.kuis.edu.my/pasak4/images/kk/politik/076-KK_WONG_WAI_LONG_ETAL.pdf on December, 12, 2020.
• Harris, A. (2002). Distributed Leadership in Schools: Leading or Misleading?. Paper presented at the British Educational Leadership, Management and Administration Society annual conference, Birmingham, September.
• Johnston, J., & Pickersgill, S. (1992), Personal and interpersonal aspects of effective team oriented headship in the primary school, Educational Management and Administration, 20 (4), 239–48.
• Kapluhan, E . (2015). 1921 Maarif Kongresi’nin Türk Eğitim Tarihindeki Yeri Ve Önemi . Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 4 (8) , . DOI: 10.17828/yasbed.05955
• Keough, T., & Tobin, B. (2001). Postmodern Leadership and the Policy Lexicon: From Theory, Proxy to Practice. Paper for the Pan-Canadian Education Research Agenda Symposium, Quebec, May.
• Lambert, L. (1995). New directions in the preparation of educational leaders. Thrust for Educational Leadership 24 (5), 6–10.
• Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D., & Steinbach, R. (1999). Changing Leadership for Changing Times. Buckingham, Open University Press.
• Leithwood, K. (1994). Leadership for school restructuring. Educational Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 498–518.
• Mango, A. (2000). Atatürk: The biography of the founder of modern Turkey. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press.
• Mert, Ö. (2017). Harf inkilâbının gerçekleştiği süreçte Atatürk'ün Tekirdağ’ı ziyaretinin basındaki yansımaları. Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies/Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(34).
• Miller, T.W. & Miller, J.M. (2001) Educational leadership in the new millennium: a vision for 2020. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 4 (2), 181–89.
• Morgan, G. (1986). Images of Organisation. Newbury Park, California, Sage.
• Myers, E., & Murphy, J. (1995). Suburban secondary school principals’ perceptions of administrative control in schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 33(3), 14–37.
• Piccirilli, S. P. (2016, March). Mustafa Kemal at Gallipoli: A Leadership Analysis and Terrain Walk. Retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1031579.pdf on December, 12, 2020.
• Neuman, M., & Simmons, W. (2000). Leadership for student learning. Phi Delta Kappan, pp.9–13, September.
• Ogawa, R.T., & Bossert, S.T. (1995). Leadership as an organizational quality. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31 (2), 224–43.
• Özdil, Y. (2018). Mustafa Kemal. Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi
• Sergiovanni, T. J. (1992). Moral Leadership: Getting to the Heart of School Improvement. San-Francisco, CA, Jossey Bass.
• Sergiovanni, T.J. (1991), The Principalship: a reflective practice perspective, Needham Heights, MA, Allyn and Bacon.
• Sheppard, B. (1996). Exploring the transformational nature of instructional leadership. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, XLII(4), 325–44.
• Southworth, G. (1997). Primary headship and leadership. Leadership and teams in educational management, 40-60.
• Starratt, R. J. (2001). Democratic leadership theory in late modernity: an oxymoron or ironic possibility? International Journal of Leadership in Education, 4 (4), 333–52.
• Villalta, J. G. B. (2014). Atatürk. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
• Wasserberg, M. (1999). Creating the vision and making it happen. Living headship, 154-165.
• West-Burnham, J. (2001). Interpersonal leadership, NCSL Leading Edge Seminar, Nottingham, National College for School Leadership.
• West-Burnham, J. (1997), Leadership for learning: reengineering ‘mind sets’, School Leadership and Management, 17(2), 231–243.
• Yukl, G. A. (2002). Leadership in Organizations 5 (PrenticeHall, Upper Saddle River, NJ).
• Yurdakul, Y. (2009). Atatürk’ten Hiç Yayınlanmamış Anılar. (8. Baskı). Truva Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Zürcher, E. J. (2017). Turkey: A modern history. Bloomsbury Publishing.