Geçmişteki Gelecek: Bilimkurgudaki Gerçeğin Mimarlık ve Kentin Gerçekliği Üzerinden Okunması

Year 2021, Issue: 6, 186 - 209, 16.09.2021

Hidayet Softaoglu

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.918576

Abstract

Teknolojinin her geçen gün gelişmesiyle, mimarlık ve tasarım alanlarında da sürekli gelecek senaryoları üretilerek, alternatif mekânlar kurgulanmaktadır. Teknolojik destekle modellenen bilim kurgu setleri, sanal gerçeklik ve arttırılmış gerçeklik aracılığıyla mevcut düzende elde edilemeyen deneyimler sunulmaktadır. Oysa bilim ve teknoloji desteğiyle kurgulanan alternatif mekân arayışı, bugüne özgü olmayıp endüstriyel devrimle başladığı ve 19. yüzyıl ile üst düzeye ulaştığı William Heath tarafından 1829’da üretilen Akıl Yürüyüşü karikatüründe de görülür. Heath’ten günümüze; gerçeklik sınırlarını zorlayarak üretilen bu mekânlarda her şey sahte, sanal ya da kurgusal mıdır, yoksa bu gerçek dışılık ardında bir gerçek var mıdır, net bir biçimde sunulmaz. Lacan gerçeği mevcutta var olmayan bir gerçekliği yaratma arzusu ve bu arzuyu formüle ederek şekillendiren düzeni olarak tanımlar. Fantastik, teknolojik, gelecekçi mekânların ortaya çıkmasının ardında yatan sebep olan gerçek her zaman gizli olup kurgu tarafından maskelenmiştir. Bu maskenin kaldırılmasını ve gerçeği yani kurgusal mekânı formüle eden dışsal etkiyi aramak için bu makalede erişilebilen en erken kentsel, mimari bilim kurgusal görüntü olan William Heath’in Akıl Yürüyüşü karikatürü ele alınarak kurgudaki gerçeklik yerine kurgunun gerçeği araştırılmıştır. Bunu yaparken çağdaş filozof Slavoj Zizek’in Lacancı psikanalize dayanan trilojisi; imgesel gerçek, simgesel gerçek ve gerçek gerçek kavramları kullanılarak, gerçek üç kategoride incelenmiştir. Sonuçta geçmişteki geleceğin iletişime dayalı bir etki alanıyla kurgulandığı saptanmış ve Zizek’in trilojisi gerçeği aramakta kullanılabilecek bir yöntem olarak önerilmiştir.

Keywords

psikanaliz, zizek, bilim kurgu, gerçek, mimarlık, kent

The Future in the Past: Reading the Real in Science Fiction Through the Architectural and Urban Reality of the City

Abstract

With the development of technology day by day, architectural and urban design have instantly conceived future scenarios along with production of alternative fictional spaces that appropriate to these scenarios. The experiences that cannot be received in reality can be seized via the science fiction sets, virtual reality or augmented reality that are produced by supporting technology such as computer aided modelling. However, it is seen that the pursuit of the alternative spaces with the support of science and technology is not unique to today since it started with the industrial revolution and reached the top level in the 19th century as seen in the March of Intellect cartoon published by William Heath in 1829, the earliest accessible architectural science fiction image. Nonetheless, it is not obviously presented that whether everything is unreal and fake or there is any sense of real embedded in these alternative spaces that push the boundaries of reality. Desire to create a new reality that does not exist, and the organization to respond to this desire is coined as the real by Lacan. The real, which is the reason behind the emergence of these fantastic, technological, futuristic spaces is always hidden and masked by fictional reality. In order to remove this mask to find the external impulse that organises fictional space, by taking into consideration William Heath's cartoon named March of Intellect in 1829; the real in the fiction has been investigated instead of the reality in the fiction. In doing so, as in the trilogy of the contemporary philosopher Slavoj Zizek based on Lacanian psychoanalysis; the real is approached in three categories: the imaginary real, the symbolic real and the real real. As a result, it has been determined that the future in the past is constructed with a communicative domain while the trilogy of Zizek is proposed as a method for those who seek for the real.

Keywords

psychoanalysis, zizek, science fiction, the real, architecture, urban

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