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Spor Yaralanmalarının Psikolojik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 278 - 290, 28.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1122253

Abstract

Amaç: Spor yaralanmaları sporcunun yalnızca fiziksel sağlık ve bütünlüğünü olumsuz etkilemekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda psikolojik durumunu da olumsuz etkilediğinden önemle üzerinde durulması gereken bir konudur. Literatürde spor yaralanması yaşayan sporcuların yoğunlukla öfke, depresyon, kaygı, özgüven eksikliği ve yeniden yaralanma korkusu yaşadıklarına dair bulgular mevcuttur. Sporcunun, yaralanma sonrası tedavi sürecindeki deneyimlerinin onun spora yeniden dönüşünü ve performansını da etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle, araştırmanın amacı spor yaralanması yaşayan sporcuların tedavileri devam ederken, süreci nasıl deneyimlediğini ve psikolojik durumlarını derinlemesine incelemektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik (olgubilim) desenin bir bölümü olan doküman analizi incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi ile belirlenen 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında bir devlet Üniversitesi öğrencisi olup ciddi spor yaralanması yaşayan ve tedavisi devam eden 10 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Sporcuların yaralanma sonrası tedavi sürecindeki yaşantılarını yorumlamak amacıyla kendileri tarafından kayıt altına alınan günlüklerin çözümlemesinden yararlanılmıştır. Günlüklerin çözümlenmesinde tümevarımsal doküman analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan doküman analizi sonucunda ciddi spor yaralanması yaşayan sporcuların deneyimlerinden suçlama, sabırsızlanma, sakatlığı ciddi algılama, performansın etkileneceği korkusu, antrenmana dönme baskısı ve benliğe etki olarak altı temaya ulaşılmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları ciddi spor yaralanması yaşayan sporcuların tekrar aktif spora dönebilmeleri için sadece tıbbi tedavinin yeterli olmadığını mutlaka psikolojik destek de alınması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu noktada ciddi spor yaralanması yaşayan tıbbi tedavi sürecindeki sporcuların antrenörleri, sporcu arkadaşları ve aileleri tarafından çalışmamızda elde edilen temalar dikkate alınarak desteklenmesi yanında psikolojik destek almaları yönünde cesaretlendirilmeleri de önerilmektedir.

References

  • Appaneal, R. N., Levine, B. R., Perna, F. M., ve Roh, J. L. (2009). Measuring post injury depression among male and female competitive athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 60-76.
  • Ardern, C. L., Glasgow, P., Schneiders, A., Witvrouw, E., Clarsen, B., Cools, A. ve Bizzini, M. (2016). 2016 Consensus statement on return to sport from the First World Congress in Sports Physical Therapy, Bern. British journal of sports medicine, 50(14), 853-864.
  • Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A. ve Webster, K. E. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological factors associated with returning to sport following injury. British journal of sports medicine, 47(17), 1120-1126.
  • Arvinen Barrow, M., Hamson Utley, J. J., ve DeFreese, J. D. (2017). Sport injury, rehabilitation, and return to sport. Assessment in Sport Psychology Consulting. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Aydoğan, Z. (2014). Sakatlık sırasında ve tedavi sonrasında sporculardaki psikolojik değişiklikler (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Binnet, M. ve Armangül, M., (2010). Spor Yaralanmalarında Kavramlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Orthop & Traumatol-Special Topics, 3(1), 1-4.
  • Brewer, B. W., ve Petrie, T. A. (1995). A comparison between injured and uninjured football players on selected psychosocial variables. Academic Athletic Journal, 10, 11–18.
  • Budak, H., Sanioğlu, A., Keretli, Ö., Durak, A. ve Öz, B. (2020). Spor yaralanmasının kaygı üzerindeki etkileri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 38-47.
  • Cassidy, C. M. (2006). Understanding sport-injury anxiety. Athletic Therapy Today, 11(4), 57–58.
  • Chmielewski, T. L., Zeppieri Jr, G., Lentz, T. A., Tillman, S. M., Moser, M. W., Indelicato, P. A., ve George, S. Z. (2011). Longitudinal changes in psychosocial factors and their association with knee pain and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical therapy, 91(9), 1355-1366.
  • Conti, C., Fronso, S., Robazza, C. ve Bertollo, M. (2019). The injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (ı-prrs) scale and the sport confidence ınventory (SCI): A cross-cultural validation. Physical Therapy in Sport, 40, 218-224.
  • Fuller, C. W., Ekstrand J., Junge, A., Andersen, T., Bahr, R. ve Dvorak, J., (2006). Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Clin J Sport Med. 16(97), 106.
  • Gallagher, B. V. ve Gardner, F. L. (2007). An examination of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, coping, and emotional response to athletic injury. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 1, 47–67.
  • Glazer, D. D. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of the injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale. J Athl Train, 44, 185-189.
  • Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Technology research and development, 29(2), 75-91.
  • Güzelyüz, P., Altınbilek, T., Saka, S. ve Yavuzer M. G. (2018). Amatör futbolcularda spor yaralanmalarında tercih edilen tetkik ve tedavi yöntemlerinin araştırılması. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,1, 75-86.
  • Hagglund, M., Walden, M., Bahr, R. ve Ekstrand, J. (2005). Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. Br J Sports Med, 39, 340-6.
  • Junge, A. (2000). The influence of psychological factors on sports injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 10-15.
  • Leininger, M. (1994). Evaluation criteria and critique of qualitative research studies. In J. M. Morse (Ed.). Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. (s.95-115). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., ve Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New directions for evaluation, (30), 73-84
  • Merriam, S. B., ve Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (fourth edition). San Fransisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi; 11(1).
  • Petrie, T. A. ve Falkstein, D. L., (1998). Methodological and statistical issues in sport injury prediction research. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(1), 26- 45.
  • Podlog, L., Eklund, R. C. (2005). Return to sport after serious injury: A retrospective examination of motivation and psychological outcomes. J Sport Rehabil, 14, 20-34.
  • Podlog, L. ve Eklund, R. C. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of competitive athletes’ return to sport following serious injury. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(1), 44–68.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22(2), 63-75.
  • Türkeri Bozkurt, H., (2017). Spor yaralanmalarında sosyal destek (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2015). Doküman incelenmesi sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Walker, N., Thatcher, J., Lavallee D. (2010). A preliminary development of the re-Injury anxiety inventory (RIAI). Phys Ther Sport, 11(1), 23–9.
  • Watson, A. W. S. (1997). Sports injuries: incidence, causes, prevention. Physical Therapy Reviews, 2(3), 135-151, DOI: 10.1179/ptr.1997.2.3.135
  • Woods, C., Hawkins R., Hulse M. ve Hodson A. (2002). The football association medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: analysis of preseason injuries. Br J Sports Med, 36, 436-41.

Evaluation of the Psychological Effects of Sports Injuries

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 278 - 290, 28.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1122253

Abstract

Aim: Since sports injuries not only negatively affect the physical health and integrity of the athlete, but also negatively affect the psychological state, it is an issue that should be emphasized. There are findings in the literature that athletes who experience sports injuries mostly experience anger, depression, anxiety, lack of self-confidence and fear of re-injury. It is thought that the experience of the athlete in the post-injury treatment process may also affect his return to sports and his performance. For this reason, the aim of the research is to examine in depth how the athletes who experience sports injuries experience the process and their psychological states while their treatment continues.
Methods: In this study, document analysis, which is a part of the phenomenological design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The sample of the study consists of 10 athletes who were students of a State University in the 2021-2022 academic year, which was determined by easily accessible situation sampling, and who had serious sports injuries and whose treatment continues. In order to interpret the experiences of the athletes during the post-injury treatment process, the analysis of the diaries recorded by them was used. Inductive document analysis was used to analyze the logs.
Results: As a result of the document analysis, six themes were reached from the experiences of the athletes who had serious sports injuries, such as blaming, impatience, perceiving the injury as serious, fear that performance would be affected, pressure to return to training, and self-impact.
Conclusions: The results of the study revealed that medical treatment alone is not sufficient for athletes who have suffered serious sports injuries to return to active sports, and psychological support is also required. At this point, it is recommended that the athletes in the medical treatment process who have serious sports injuries should be supported by their coaches, friends and families, taking into account the themes obtained in our study, as well as encouraging them to receive psychological support.

References

  • Appaneal, R. N., Levine, B. R., Perna, F. M., ve Roh, J. L. (2009). Measuring post injury depression among male and female competitive athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 60-76.
  • Ardern, C. L., Glasgow, P., Schneiders, A., Witvrouw, E., Clarsen, B., Cools, A. ve Bizzini, M. (2016). 2016 Consensus statement on return to sport from the First World Congress in Sports Physical Therapy, Bern. British journal of sports medicine, 50(14), 853-864.
  • Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A. ve Webster, K. E. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological factors associated with returning to sport following injury. British journal of sports medicine, 47(17), 1120-1126.
  • Arvinen Barrow, M., Hamson Utley, J. J., ve DeFreese, J. D. (2017). Sport injury, rehabilitation, and return to sport. Assessment in Sport Psychology Consulting. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Aydoğan, Z. (2014). Sakatlık sırasında ve tedavi sonrasında sporculardaki psikolojik değişiklikler (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Binnet, M. ve Armangül, M., (2010). Spor Yaralanmalarında Kavramlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Orthop & Traumatol-Special Topics, 3(1), 1-4.
  • Brewer, B. W., ve Petrie, T. A. (1995). A comparison between injured and uninjured football players on selected psychosocial variables. Academic Athletic Journal, 10, 11–18.
  • Budak, H., Sanioğlu, A., Keretli, Ö., Durak, A. ve Öz, B. (2020). Spor yaralanmasının kaygı üzerindeki etkileri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 38-47.
  • Cassidy, C. M. (2006). Understanding sport-injury anxiety. Athletic Therapy Today, 11(4), 57–58.
  • Chmielewski, T. L., Zeppieri Jr, G., Lentz, T. A., Tillman, S. M., Moser, M. W., Indelicato, P. A., ve George, S. Z. (2011). Longitudinal changes in psychosocial factors and their association with knee pain and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical therapy, 91(9), 1355-1366.
  • Conti, C., Fronso, S., Robazza, C. ve Bertollo, M. (2019). The injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (ı-prrs) scale and the sport confidence ınventory (SCI): A cross-cultural validation. Physical Therapy in Sport, 40, 218-224.
  • Fuller, C. W., Ekstrand J., Junge, A., Andersen, T., Bahr, R. ve Dvorak, J., (2006). Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Clin J Sport Med. 16(97), 106.
  • Gallagher, B. V. ve Gardner, F. L. (2007). An examination of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, coping, and emotional response to athletic injury. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 1, 47–67.
  • Glazer, D. D. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of the injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale. J Athl Train, 44, 185-189.
  • Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Technology research and development, 29(2), 75-91.
  • Güzelyüz, P., Altınbilek, T., Saka, S. ve Yavuzer M. G. (2018). Amatör futbolcularda spor yaralanmalarında tercih edilen tetkik ve tedavi yöntemlerinin araştırılması. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,1, 75-86.
  • Hagglund, M., Walden, M., Bahr, R. ve Ekstrand, J. (2005). Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. Br J Sports Med, 39, 340-6.
  • Junge, A. (2000). The influence of psychological factors on sports injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 10-15.
  • Leininger, M. (1994). Evaluation criteria and critique of qualitative research studies. In J. M. Morse (Ed.). Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. (s.95-115). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., ve Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New directions for evaluation, (30), 73-84
  • Merriam, S. B., ve Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (fourth edition). San Fransisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi; 11(1).
  • Petrie, T. A. ve Falkstein, D. L., (1998). Methodological and statistical issues in sport injury prediction research. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(1), 26- 45.
  • Podlog, L., Eklund, R. C. (2005). Return to sport after serious injury: A retrospective examination of motivation and psychological outcomes. J Sport Rehabil, 14, 20-34.
  • Podlog, L. ve Eklund, R. C. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of competitive athletes’ return to sport following serious injury. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(1), 44–68.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22(2), 63-75.
  • Türkeri Bozkurt, H., (2017). Spor yaralanmalarında sosyal destek (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2015). Doküman incelenmesi sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Walker, N., Thatcher, J., Lavallee D. (2010). A preliminary development of the re-Injury anxiety inventory (RIAI). Phys Ther Sport, 11(1), 23–9.
  • Watson, A. W. S. (1997). Sports injuries: incidence, causes, prevention. Physical Therapy Reviews, 2(3), 135-151, DOI: 10.1179/ptr.1997.2.3.135
  • Woods, C., Hawkins R., Hulse M. ve Hodson A. (2002). The football association medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: analysis of preseason injuries. Br J Sports Med, 36, 436-41.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology, Exercise and Sports Psychology
Journal Section Arşiv
Authors

Zeynep Aydoğan 0000-0003-4184-6224

Fatma İlker Kerkez 0000-0002-5485-1834

Seray Can 0000-0002-3649-3789

Gülay Manav 0000-0001-5802-8469

Publication Date June 28, 2022
Submission Date May 27, 2022
Acceptance Date June 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydoğan, Z., Kerkez, F. İ., Can, S., Manav, G. (2022). Spor Yaralanmalarının Psikolojik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 278-290. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1122253

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Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY-NC 4.0 .

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