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The Relationship of Use of Imagery in Sports with Athletic Mental Energy

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 892 - 903, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1162677

Abstract

Sportif performans belirli psikolojik özelliklere bağlı olduğundan, zihinsel enerji sporcular için anahtar niteliğindedir. İmgelemenin sportif performansı artırmak için kullanılan zihinsel bir yöntem olması, onu zihinsel enerji ile birlikte ele almanın gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada, sporcuların algıladıkları zihinsel atletik enerji düzeylerinin imgeleme kullanımlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi ve sporcuların demografik özelliklerinde anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu toplam 303 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Sporda İmgeleri Envanteri (SİE)" ve "Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Ölçeği (AZEÖ)" kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, imgelemenin sporda kullanım değerleri incelendiğinde, bilişsel imgeleme alt boyutunda erkek sporcular lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmiştir. Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Ölçeği sakinlik alt boyutunda takım sporcular lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca ölçeklerin ilişkisinde genel olarak olumlu ve orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişkilerin olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, erkek sporcuların bilişsel imgeleme düzeylerinin kadın sporculara göre daha yüksek olduğu, takım sporlarıyla ilgilenen sporcuların sakinlik düzeylerinin bireysel spor yapan sporculara göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ek olarak, sporcuların algıladıkları zihinsel atletik enerji düzeyindeki değişimler sporcuların imgeleme kullanım düzeyini etkiler.

References

  • Bozdag, B. (2020). Examination of Psychological Resilience Levels of High School Students. World Journal of Education, 10(3), 65-78.
  • Bozdag, B., & Ergin, M. (2021). Investıgatıon of the ımagınatıon usage levels of the students of the faculty of sports scıences. Journal of physical Educationand Sports Science, 23(1), 82-93.
  • Chiou, S. S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Gill, D. L., & Lu, F. J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes' life stress–burnout relationship: The moderating roles of athletic mental energy. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 3007.
  • Cook, D. B., & Davis, J. M. (2006). Mental energy: Defining the science. Nutrition Reviews, 64(7), 1. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/212328562?accountid=142289
  • Çelik, O. B. & Güngör, N. B. (2020). The effects of the mental training skills on the prediction of the sports sciences faculty students' anxiety levels. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 9, 888-929.
  • Doğan, E. (2019). Comparison of ımagery styles of female and male athletes. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, 4(3), 373-381.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step. A simple study guide and reference (seventeenht edition). Routledge.
  • Gulsen, D., Eryucel, M., Turna, B., Yildiz, M., & Eryucel, S. (2021). Are dispositional hope levels in athletes a predictor of athletic mental energy?. Progress in Nutrition, 23.
  • Hale, B., & Crisfield, P. (2005). Imagery training: A guide for sports coaches and performers. Coachwise. 1st4sport. p. 4
  • Hall, C. R., Mack, D., Paivio, A., & Hausenblas, H. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the sport imagery questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 73-89.
  • Hasker, S. M. (2010). Evaluation of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) approach for enhancing athletic performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana.
  • Ilhan, A. (2020). The relationship between athletic mental energy and eating behaviors in tennis players. Progress In Nutrıtıon, 22 (4).
  • Islam, A. (2022). The effect of athletic mental energy on wrestlers’ sports courage and attitudes toward wrestling. Physical Education of Students, 26(5), 247-255.
  • Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kılıç, S. (2014). Effect size. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4(1), 44-6
  • Kızıldağ, E. (2007). Athletes' imagery style in different sports. Master's thesis, Mersin University, Health Sciences Institute, Mersin.
  • Kızıldağ, E., & Tiryaki, M. Ş. (2012). Adaptation of sports ımagery questionnaire for Turkish athletes. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 23(1), 13-23.
  • Kumartaşlı, M., Gülen, Ö., Serçe, B., Madak, E., & Bakır, Ş. (2021) Examining the ımagination styles of athletes in different branches according to various variables. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies (IntJCES), 7(1), 136-146.
  • Lieberman, H. R. (2007). Cognitive methods for assessing mental energy. Nutritional neuroscience, 10(5-6), 229-242.
  • Loehr, J. E. (2005). "Leadership: full engagement for success," In S. Murphy (Eds.). The Sport Psychology Handbook (ss. 57-158). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Lu, F. J., Gill, D. L., Yang, C., Lee, P. F., Chiu, Y. H., Hsu, Y. W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring athletic mental energy (AME): instrument development and validation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2363.
  • Lykken, T. D. (2005). Mental energy. Intelligence, 33, 331–335. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2005.03.005
  • Nideffer, R. (1985). Athletes' guide to mental training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, A. P. (2005). Imagery in sport. Human Kinetics.
  • O'Connor, P. J. (2006). Mental energy: developing a model of examining nutrition-related claims. Nutr. Rev., 64, S2–S7. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00255.x
  • Prats Lara, È. (2020). Interaction between cognition and nutrition. Cognitive enhancers in order to improve athletes' performance. Master thesis, Barcelona University, Barcelona.
  • Paivio A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10(4), 22- 28.
  • Pakulanon, S. (2016). The effective imagery use for athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Health, 17(1).
  • Suinn, R. (1986). Seven steps to peak performance. Hans Huber Publisher.
  • Şahinler, Y. (2019). Examınıng the ımagıng levels of athletes. Bilge International Journal of Social Studies, 5(1), 45-51.
  • Tatlısu, B., Ozan, M., Uçan, İ., & Kan, E. (2022). Elit boksörlerde farklı değişkenlerin atletik zihinsel enerji düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi/“Investigation of the effects of different variables on athletic mental energy levels in elite boxers. Anatolia Sport Research, 3(1), 1-13.
  • Ulucan, H., & Bölükbaşı, T. (2020). Investigation of anxiety levels in sports ınjuries of physical education and sports school students. International Journal of Bozok Sports Sciences, 1(1), 1-10
  • Yildiz, A. B., Yarayan, Y. E., Yilmaz, B., & Kuan, G. (2020). Adaptation of the athletic mental energy scale to the Turkish language and investigation of its psychometric properties. Spormetre, The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(3), 108-119.
  • Yildiz, A. B., Algün Dogu, Parlakkiliç Büyükakgül, Ş., & Yaman Yilmaz, C. (2020). The relationship between athletic mental energy and eating behaviors. Progress in Nutrition 22(2), e2020017. doi: 10.23751/pn.v22i2-S.10547
  • Yildiz, A. B. (2021). The mediating role of coach – athlete relationship in the effect of emotional ıntelligence of football players on athletic mental energy. Doctoral thesis. Ankara University, Health Sciences Institute. Ankara

Sporda İmgeleme Kullanımının Atletik Zihinsel Enerji İle İlişkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 892 - 903, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1162677

Abstract

Mental energy is key for athletes, as sports performance depends on specific psychological characteristics. The fact that imagery is a mental method used to increase sportive performance reveals the necessity of handling it together with mental energy. The study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the mental athletic energy levels perceived by the athletes on their use of imagery and also to determine whether there is a significant difference between the demographic characteristics of the athletes. The study group of the research consists of a total of 303 athletes. As a data collection tool in the study, the "Personal Information Form" created by the researchers, the "Sports Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ)", and the "Athletic Mental Energy Scale (AMES)" were used. As a result, when the values of the use of imagery in sports were examined, a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of athletes in the cognitive imagery sub-dimension. A statistically significant difference was observed in favor of team sport in the Athletic Mental Energy Scale subdimension of composed. Also, it is seen that there are generally positive and moderately significant relationships in the relationship of the scales. In conclusion, male athletes' mental imagery levels were higher than female athletes. It is seen that the composition levels of the athletes who are interested in team sports are higher than the athletes who do individual sports. In addition, the changes in the mental athletic energy level perceived by the athletes affect the level of the athlete's use of imagery.

References

  • Bozdag, B. (2020). Examination of Psychological Resilience Levels of High School Students. World Journal of Education, 10(3), 65-78.
  • Bozdag, B., & Ergin, M. (2021). Investıgatıon of the ımagınatıon usage levels of the students of the faculty of sports scıences. Journal of physical Educationand Sports Science, 23(1), 82-93.
  • Chiou, S. S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Gill, D. L., & Lu, F. J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes' life stress–burnout relationship: The moderating roles of athletic mental energy. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 3007.
  • Cook, D. B., & Davis, J. M. (2006). Mental energy: Defining the science. Nutrition Reviews, 64(7), 1. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/212328562?accountid=142289
  • Çelik, O. B. & Güngör, N. B. (2020). The effects of the mental training skills on the prediction of the sports sciences faculty students' anxiety levels. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 9, 888-929.
  • Doğan, E. (2019). Comparison of ımagery styles of female and male athletes. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, 4(3), 373-381.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step. A simple study guide and reference (seventeenht edition). Routledge.
  • Gulsen, D., Eryucel, M., Turna, B., Yildiz, M., & Eryucel, S. (2021). Are dispositional hope levels in athletes a predictor of athletic mental energy?. Progress in Nutrition, 23.
  • Hale, B., & Crisfield, P. (2005). Imagery training: A guide for sports coaches and performers. Coachwise. 1st4sport. p. 4
  • Hall, C. R., Mack, D., Paivio, A., & Hausenblas, H. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the sport imagery questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 73-89.
  • Hasker, S. M. (2010). Evaluation of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) approach for enhancing athletic performance. Doctoral Dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana.
  • Ilhan, A. (2020). The relationship between athletic mental energy and eating behaviors in tennis players. Progress In Nutrıtıon, 22 (4).
  • Islam, A. (2022). The effect of athletic mental energy on wrestlers’ sports courage and attitudes toward wrestling. Physical Education of Students, 26(5), 247-255.
  • Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kılıç, S. (2014). Effect size. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4(1), 44-6
  • Kızıldağ, E. (2007). Athletes' imagery style in different sports. Master's thesis, Mersin University, Health Sciences Institute, Mersin.
  • Kızıldağ, E., & Tiryaki, M. Ş. (2012). Adaptation of sports ımagery questionnaire for Turkish athletes. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 23(1), 13-23.
  • Kumartaşlı, M., Gülen, Ö., Serçe, B., Madak, E., & Bakır, Ş. (2021) Examining the ımagination styles of athletes in different branches according to various variables. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies (IntJCES), 7(1), 136-146.
  • Lieberman, H. R. (2007). Cognitive methods for assessing mental energy. Nutritional neuroscience, 10(5-6), 229-242.
  • Loehr, J. E. (2005). "Leadership: full engagement for success," In S. Murphy (Eds.). The Sport Psychology Handbook (ss. 57-158). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
  • Lu, F. J., Gill, D. L., Yang, C., Lee, P. F., Chiu, Y. H., Hsu, Y. W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring athletic mental energy (AME): instrument development and validation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2363.
  • Lykken, T. D. (2005). Mental energy. Intelligence, 33, 331–335. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2005.03.005
  • Nideffer, R. (1985). Athletes' guide to mental training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, A. P. (2005). Imagery in sport. Human Kinetics.
  • O'Connor, P. J. (2006). Mental energy: developing a model of examining nutrition-related claims. Nutr. Rev., 64, S2–S7. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00255.x
  • Prats Lara, È. (2020). Interaction between cognition and nutrition. Cognitive enhancers in order to improve athletes' performance. Master thesis, Barcelona University, Barcelona.
  • Paivio A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10(4), 22- 28.
  • Pakulanon, S. (2016). The effective imagery use for athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Health, 17(1).
  • Suinn, R. (1986). Seven steps to peak performance. Hans Huber Publisher.
  • Şahinler, Y. (2019). Examınıng the ımagıng levels of athletes. Bilge International Journal of Social Studies, 5(1), 45-51.
  • Tatlısu, B., Ozan, M., Uçan, İ., & Kan, E. (2022). Elit boksörlerde farklı değişkenlerin atletik zihinsel enerji düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi/“Investigation of the effects of different variables on athletic mental energy levels in elite boxers. Anatolia Sport Research, 3(1), 1-13.
  • Ulucan, H., & Bölükbaşı, T. (2020). Investigation of anxiety levels in sports ınjuries of physical education and sports school students. International Journal of Bozok Sports Sciences, 1(1), 1-10
  • Yildiz, A. B., Yarayan, Y. E., Yilmaz, B., & Kuan, G. (2020). Adaptation of the athletic mental energy scale to the Turkish language and investigation of its psychometric properties. Spormetre, The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(3), 108-119.
  • Yildiz, A. B., Algün Dogu, Parlakkiliç Büyükakgül, Ş., & Yaman Yilmaz, C. (2020). The relationship between athletic mental energy and eating behaviors. Progress in Nutrition 22(2), e2020017. doi: 10.23751/pn.v22i2-S.10547
  • Yildiz, A. B. (2021). The mediating role of coach – athlete relationship in the effect of emotional ıntelligence of football players on athletic mental energy. Doctoral thesis. Ankara University, Health Sciences Institute. Ankara
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology, Exercise and Sports Psychology
Journal Section Arşiv
Authors

Esin Kaplan 0000-0002-8417-1266

Berkan Bozdağ 0000-0003-3657-4359

Publication Date December 28, 2022
Submission Date August 16, 2022
Acceptance Date November 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kaplan, E., & Bozdağ, B. (2022). The Relationship of Use of Imagery in Sports with Athletic Mental Energy. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(4), 892-903. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1162677

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Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY-NC 4.0 .

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