Year 2017, Volume 32, Issue 4, 178 - 183, 30.09.2017

Figen KAYHAN Nilüfer BÜYÜKURGANCI Güllü KAYMAK

https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201716

Abstract

ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES IN THE GULF OF GEMLİK, MARMARA SEA, TURKEY

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in gill and muscle tissues of ten commercial fish caught from the Gulf of Gemlik, Marmara Sea, Turkey. Ten commer-cially important marine fish species were obtained monthly from the local fishermen. The Cd and Pb levels in muscle and gill tissues of the fish samples were evaluated using atomic absorption spectropho-tometer (Shimadzu 6701, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan). In July 2011, the highest concentrations of Cd were found in the gill tissue of Sardinella maderensis, Solea vulgaris and Belone belone (3.62, 3.46 and 3.05µg g-1, respectively). In March 2011, the highest concentrations of lead were observed in the gill tissues of S. vulgaris and B. Belone (9.48 and 6.74 µg g-1, respectively), and the muscle tissue of S. maderensis (7.07 µg g-1). Generally, the levels of Cd and Pb were found very high for the than the tolerance limits of Turkish Food Codex, European Union (EU) and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. 

Keywords

Aquatic pollution, Heavy metals, Fish muscle, Gemlik Bay

References

• Aksu, A., Balkıs, N., Taskin, O.S., Ersan, M.S., (2011). Toxic metal (Pb, Cd, As And Hg) and organochlorine residue levels in Merluccius merluccius from the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assesment, 182, 385-395.
• Anonymous, (2006). Official Journal of the European Union. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006: 364: 5-24.
• Anonymous, (2008). Official Gazette of Republic of Turkey. Notifications about maximum lev- els for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (In Turkish). Turkish Food Codex No. 2008/26, Issue: 26879.
• Araujo, C.V.M., & Cedeno-Macias, L.A., (2016). Heavy metals in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and common dolphin fish (Coryphaena hippurus) landed on the Ecuadorian coast. Science of the Total Environment, 54, 149-154.
• Atobatele, O.E., & Olutona, G.O., (2015). Distri- bution of three nonessential trace metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria. Toxicology Reports, 2, 896-903.
• Balkıs, N., Aksu, A., Hicsonmez, H., (2013). Pollution monitoring using Mytilus galloprovincialis and Fishes: A case study on the Southern Black Sea Shelf. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25, 450-454.
• Bat, L., Sezgin, M., Ustun, F., Sahin, F., (2012). Heavy metal concentrations in ten species of fishes caught in Sinop coastal waters of the Black Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, 371-376.
• Chahid, A., Hilali, M., Benlhachimi, A., Bouzid, T., (2014). Contents of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish from the Atlantic Sea (Morocco) determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 147, 357-360.
• Creti, P., Trinchella, F., Scudiero, R., (2010). Heavy metal abioaccumulation and metallothionein content in tissues of the sea bream Sparus aurata from three different fi farming systems. Environmental Monitoring, 165, 321-329.
• Dogan, E. & S. Burak., (2007). Ship-originated pollution in the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus) and Marmara Sea. Journal of Coastal Re- search, 23, 388-394.
• Fishbase, (2016). http://www.fishbase.org/search.php
• Frantzen, S., Maage, A., Duinker, A., Julshamn K., Iversen SA., (2015). A baseline study of metals in herring (Clupea harengus) from the Norwegian Sea, with focus on mercury, cadmium, arsenic and lead. Chemosphere, 127, 164-170.
• Gu, Y.G., Lin, Q., Wang, X.H., Du, F.Y., Yu, Z.L., Huang, H.H., (2015). Heavy metal concentrations in wild fishes captured from the South China Sea and associated health risks. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 96, 508-512.
• Guven, K.C., Nesimigil, F., Cumalı, S., Yalçın, A., Coban, B., (2010). Oil pollution level in seawater and sediments of Turkish Straights (Bosphorus, Marmara Sea, Dardanelles) and Golden Horn during 2004-2007. J.Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 16, 253-283.
• IARC, (1993). International Agency for Research on Cancer: Cadmium and certain cadmium compounds. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury and Exposures in the Glass Manufacturing Industry. IARC Monographs, Vol. 58. Lyon, France: World Health Organization 119-146, 210-236.
• Jayaprakash, M., Kumar, R.S., Giridharan, L., Sujitha, S.B., Sarkar, S.K., (2015). Bioaccumulation of metals in fish species from water and sediments in macrotidal Ennore creeki Chennai, SE coast of India: A metropolitan city effects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120, 149-154.
• Makedonski, L., Peycheva, K., Stancheva, M., (2015). Determination of some heavy metal of selected Black Sea fish species. Food Control, 20, 1-6.
• Monteiro, V., Cavalcante, D.G.S.M., Viléla, M.B.F.A., Sofia, S.H., Martinez, C.B.R., (2011). In vivo and invitro exposures for the evaluation of the genotoxic effects of lead on the Neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus. Aquatic Toxicology, 104, 291-298.
• Olmedo, P., Pla, A., Hernandez, A.F., Barbier, F., Ayouni, L., Gil, F., (2013). Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. Risk assessment for the consumers. Environment International, 59, 63-72.
• Ordiano-Flores, A., Galvan-Magana, F., Rosiles-Martinez, R., (2011). Bioaccumulation of mercury in muscle tissue of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Biological Trace Elements Research, 144, 606-620.
• Scudiero, R., Creti, P., Trinchella, F., Esposito, M.G., (2014). Evaluation of cadmium, lead and metallothionein contents in the tissues of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Campania coast (Italy): Levels and seasonal trends. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 337, 451-458.
• Tuzen, M., (2009). Toxic and essential trace ele- mental contents in fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Food Chemical Toxicology, 47, 1785-1790. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), (1991). Determination of total Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in selected marine organisms by flameless AAS. Reference Methods for Marine Pollu- tion Studies. No.11. Rev.1.
• Unlu, S., Topcuoglu, S., Alpar, B., Kırbasoglu, C., Yılmaz, Y.Z., (2008). Heavy metal pollution in surface sediments and mussel samples in the Gulf of Gemlik. Environmental Monitor- ing Assessment, 144, 169-178.
• WHO (World Health Organization), (1995). In- organic Lead, Environmental Health Criteria 165. International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Zaza, S, de Balogh, K., Palmery, M., Pastorelli, A., Stacchini, P., (2015). Human exposure in Italy to lead, cadmium and mercury through fish and seafood product consumption from Eastern Central Atlantic Fishing Area. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 40, 148-153.