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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TOMATO JUICE SUPPLEMENT ON TSH, TESTOSTERONE AND INSULIN LEVELS IN ATHLETES

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 195 - 203, 30.12.2020

Abstract

14 healthy male athletes, who were given tomato juice (TJ) supplements with aerobic exercise, had an average age of 20.21 ± 2.08 years, had a mean BMI of 20.98 ± 2.61, and exercised an average of 2.50 ± 1.83 years in color branches, were formed and their TSH, testosterone and insulin levels were analyzed. The data was analyzed with the SPSS package program and the tests used to compare the averages between the groups to reveal the difference before and after the exercises for 42 days. The compliance of the data to normal distribution was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Those with normal distribution among the data were analyzed with the Dependent T test and those that did not show normal distribution were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. When the TSH levels of aerobic exercise and TJ supplementation were examined, it was found that there was not an increase between the control and TJ+exercise groups (p>0.05), however, there was an increase between control and aerobic exercise groups (p<0.05). When testosterone levels were examined, it was found that there was an increase between the control and TJ + Exercise groups (p<0.01), an increase between control and exercise (p<0.05), and a significant increase between TJ + exercise and exercise groups (p<0.001). When the insulin levels were examined, it was found statistically that there was an increase in TJ + Exercise and exercise groups compared to the control screen (p<0.001). As a result, aerobic exercise applications results in an increase in TSH, total testosterone and insulin levels in athletes. It is determined that TJ + exercise supplementation does not affect TSH levels but it increases total testosterone and insulin levels of athletes.

References

  • Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani, S., & Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018). Effects of exercise on testosterone level, heat shock protein, and fertility potential. Reviews in Clinical Medicine, 5(4), 141-145.
  • Akbulut, T. (2020). Responses of uric acid, glucose, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes to aerobic and combined exercises in university students. Higher Education Studies, 10(1), 109-114.
  • Berne, M. R., Levy, N. M., Koeppen M. B., & Stanton, B. A. (2008). Physiology (5 th ed). Çeviri: Türk Fizyolojik Bilimler Derneği. Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara.
  • Blum, A., Monir, M., Wirsansky, I., & Ben-Arzi, S. (2005). The beneficial effects of tomatoes. European Journal Of İnternal Medicine, 16(6), 402–404.
  • Brennan, A. M., Standley, R. A., Yi, F., Carnero, E. A., Sparks, L. M., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2020). Individual response variation in the effects of weight loss and exercise on insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk in older adults. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 632.
  • Carvalho, R. C., Vigário, P. D. S., Chachamovitz, D. S. D. O., Silvestre, D. H. D. S., Silva, P. R. D. O., Vaisman, M., & Teixeira, P. D. F. D. S. (2018). Heart rate response to graded exercise test of elderly subjects in different ranges of TSH levels. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 62(6), 591-596.
  • Ciocca G, Limoncin E, Carosa E, et al. (2016). Is Testosterone a Food for the Brain? Sexual Medıcıne Revıews, 4(1), 15-25.
  • Cinar, V., Cengiz, Ş., Pala, R., & Dündar, A. (2013). Effect of short-term match period on the glucose and insulin levels of football players. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 554-557.
  • Di Luigi L, Guidetti L, Baldari C, et al. (2003). Heredity and pituitary response to exercise-related stress in trained men. Int J Sports Med., 24, 551-558.
  • Engelhard, Y. N., Gazer, B., & Paran, E. (2006). Natural antioxidants from tomato extract reduce blood pressure in patients with grade-1 hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. American Heart Journal, 151(1), 100-e6.
  • Fortunato, R.S., Ignácio, D.L., Padron, A.S., Peçanha, R., Marassi, M.P., Rosenthal, D., Werneck-de-Castro, J.P., Carvalho, D.P. (2008). The effect of acute exercise session on thyroid hormone economy in rats. J Endocrinol., 198(2), 347-53.
  • Hak, A. E., Ma, J., Powell, C. B., Campos, H., Gaziano, J. M., Willett, W. C., & Stampfer, M. J. (2004). Prospective study of plasma carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke, 35(7), 1584-1588.
  • Houmard, J. A., Tanner, C. J., Slentz, C. A., Duscha, B. D., McCartney, J. S., & Kraus, W. E. (2004). Effect of the volume and intensity of exercise training on insulin sensitivity. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, MD: 1985), 96(1), 101–106.
  • Kilic, Y., Cetin, H. N., Sumlu, E., Pektas, M. B., Koca, H. B., & Akar, F. (2019). Effects of boxing matches on metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in male elite boxers. Medicina, 55(6), 288.
  • Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Żelaźniewicz, A., Nowak, J., Orzechowski, S., Żurek, A., & Żurek, G. (2020). A positive relationship between body height and the testosterone response to physical exercise. Evolution and Human Behavior.
  • Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., & Nindl, B. C. (2017). Recovery responses of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 after resistance exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 122(3), 549–558.
  • Kumagai, H., Myoenzono, K., Yoshikawa, T., Tsujimoto, T., Shimomura, K., & Maeda, S. (2020). Regular aerobic exercise improves sexual function assessed by the aging males’ symptoms questionnaire in adult men. The Aging Male, 1-8.
  • Kumagai, H., Yoshikawa, T., Zempo-Miyaki, A., Myoenzono, K., Tsujimoto, T., Tanaka, K., & Maeda, S. (2018). Vigorous physical activity is associated with regular aerobic exercise-induced increased serum testosterone levels in overweight/obese men. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 50(01), 73-79.
  • Levey, G. S., & Klein, I. Disorders of The Thyroid. In: Stein J, editor. Stei’s textbook of Medicine. 2nd edition. Brown. 1383-1397. 1994.
  • Limanova, Z., Sonka, J., Kratochvil, O., Sonka, K., Kanka, J., & Sprynarova, S. (1983). Effects of exercise on serum cortisol and thyroid hormones. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, 81, 308–314.
  • Masters, P. A., & Simons, R.J. (1996). Clinical Use of Sensitive Assays for thyroid–stimulating hormone. J Gen Intern Med., 11, 115-127.
  • Moghetti, P., Bacchi, E., Brangani, C., Donà, S., & Negri, C. (2016). Metabolic Effects of Exercise. Frontiers of Hormone Research, 47, 44–57.
  • Pala, R., Cinar, V., Kilic, Y., Karadag, M., Alpay, N., & Orhan, S. (2013). Comparison of certain blood values of coaches of national boxing team before and after matches. Advances in Environmental Biology, 689-693.
  • Paran, E., Novack, V., Engelhard, Y. N., & Hazan-Halevy, I. (2009). The effects of natural antioxidants from tomato extract in treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Cardiovascular Drugs And Therapy, 23(2), 145-151.
  • Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018). Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiological Reviews, 98(4), 2133–2223.
  • Philippou, A., Maridaki, M., Tenta, R., & Koutsilieris, M. (2017). Hormonal responses following eccentric exercise in humans. Hormones, 16(4), 405-413.
  • Vaamonde, D., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., García-Manso, J. M., et al. (2009). Response of semen parameters to three training modalities. Fertil Steril., 92, 1941-1946.
  • Yagmur, R., Isik, O., Kilic, Y., & Akyuz, M. (2019). The hydration status and thyroid hormones levels among elite wrestlers. Progress in Nutrition, 21(4), 952-957
  • Yaribeygi, H., Atkin, S. L., Simental-Mendía, L. E., & Sahebkar, A. (2019). Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 234(8), 12385–12392.
  • Zhu, R., Chen, B., Bai, Y., Miao, T., Rui, L., Zhang, H., Xia., B., Li, X., et al., (2020). Lycopene in protection against obesity and diabetes: A mechanistic review. Pharmacological Research, 159, 104966.
  • Zorumski, C. F., Paul, S. M., Izumi, Y., Covey, D. F., & Mennerick, S. (2013). Neurosteroids, stress and depression: potential therapeutic opportunities. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(1), 109-122.

SPORCULARDA DOMATES SUYU TAKVİYESİNİN TSH, TESTOSTERON VE İNSÜLİN DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 195 - 203, 30.12.2020

Abstract

Aerobik egzersiz yaptırılan, domates suyu (DS) takviyesi verilen, yaş ortalaması 20.21± 2.08 yıl olan, BKİ ortalamaları 20.98±2.61 olan, değişik branşlarda ortalama 2.50±1.83 yıl spor yapan, sağlıklı 14 erkek sporcu oluşturularak, TSH, testosteron ve insülin düzeylerine etkileri incelendi. Veriler, 42 günlük egzersiz öncesi ve egzersizler sonrasında farklılıkları ortaya koymak için SPSS paket programı yardımı ile bağımlı gruplar arası ortalamaların karşılaştırılması için kullanılan testler ile analiz edildi. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Shapiro-Wilk testi ile incelendi. Verilerden normal dağılım gösterenler Bağımlı T testi ile, normal dağılım göstermeyenler ise Wilcoxon testi ile analiz edildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Aerobik egzersiz yaptırılan ve DS takviyesinin TSH düzeylerine bakıldığında kontrol ve DS+Egzersiz grupları arasında farkın olmadığı (p>0.05), ancak kontrol ve egzersiz grupları arasında artış olduğu tespit edildi (p<0.05). Testosteron düzeylerine bakıldığında kontrol ve DS+Egzersiz grupları arasında artış olduğu (p<0.01), kontrol ve egzersiz grupları arasında artış olduğu (p<0.05), DS+Egzersiz ve egzersiz gruplar arasında ise önemli artışın olduğu tespit edildi (p<0.001). İnsülin düzeylerine bakıldığında, kontrol grubuna göre, DS+Egzersiz ve egzersiz grupları arsında artış olduğu istatiksel olarak tespit edildi (p<0.001). Sonuç olarak, aerobik egzersiz uygulamaları, sporcularda TSH, total testosteron ve insülin düzeylerini arttırarak etkisini göstermiştir. DS+egzersiz takviyesinin sporcularda TSH düzeyini etkilemediği, total testosteron ve insülin düzeylerini arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani, S., & Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018). Effects of exercise on testosterone level, heat shock protein, and fertility potential. Reviews in Clinical Medicine, 5(4), 141-145.
  • Akbulut, T. (2020). Responses of uric acid, glucose, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes to aerobic and combined exercises in university students. Higher Education Studies, 10(1), 109-114.
  • Berne, M. R., Levy, N. M., Koeppen M. B., & Stanton, B. A. (2008). Physiology (5 th ed). Çeviri: Türk Fizyolojik Bilimler Derneği. Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara.
  • Blum, A., Monir, M., Wirsansky, I., & Ben-Arzi, S. (2005). The beneficial effects of tomatoes. European Journal Of İnternal Medicine, 16(6), 402–404.
  • Brennan, A. M., Standley, R. A., Yi, F., Carnero, E. A., Sparks, L. M., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2020). Individual response variation in the effects of weight loss and exercise on insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk in older adults. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 632.
  • Carvalho, R. C., Vigário, P. D. S., Chachamovitz, D. S. D. O., Silvestre, D. H. D. S., Silva, P. R. D. O., Vaisman, M., & Teixeira, P. D. F. D. S. (2018). Heart rate response to graded exercise test of elderly subjects in different ranges of TSH levels. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 62(6), 591-596.
  • Ciocca G, Limoncin E, Carosa E, et al. (2016). Is Testosterone a Food for the Brain? Sexual Medıcıne Revıews, 4(1), 15-25.
  • Cinar, V., Cengiz, Ş., Pala, R., & Dündar, A. (2013). Effect of short-term match period on the glucose and insulin levels of football players. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 554-557.
  • Di Luigi L, Guidetti L, Baldari C, et al. (2003). Heredity and pituitary response to exercise-related stress in trained men. Int J Sports Med., 24, 551-558.
  • Engelhard, Y. N., Gazer, B., & Paran, E. (2006). Natural antioxidants from tomato extract reduce blood pressure in patients with grade-1 hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. American Heart Journal, 151(1), 100-e6.
  • Fortunato, R.S., Ignácio, D.L., Padron, A.S., Peçanha, R., Marassi, M.P., Rosenthal, D., Werneck-de-Castro, J.P., Carvalho, D.P. (2008). The effect of acute exercise session on thyroid hormone economy in rats. J Endocrinol., 198(2), 347-53.
  • Hak, A. E., Ma, J., Powell, C. B., Campos, H., Gaziano, J. M., Willett, W. C., & Stampfer, M. J. (2004). Prospective study of plasma carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke, 35(7), 1584-1588.
  • Houmard, J. A., Tanner, C. J., Slentz, C. A., Duscha, B. D., McCartney, J. S., & Kraus, W. E. (2004). Effect of the volume and intensity of exercise training on insulin sensitivity. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, MD: 1985), 96(1), 101–106.
  • Kilic, Y., Cetin, H. N., Sumlu, E., Pektas, M. B., Koca, H. B., & Akar, F. (2019). Effects of boxing matches on metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in male elite boxers. Medicina, 55(6), 288.
  • Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Żelaźniewicz, A., Nowak, J., Orzechowski, S., Żurek, A., & Żurek, G. (2020). A positive relationship between body height and the testosterone response to physical exercise. Evolution and Human Behavior.
  • Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., & Nindl, B. C. (2017). Recovery responses of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 after resistance exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 122(3), 549–558.
  • Kumagai, H., Myoenzono, K., Yoshikawa, T., Tsujimoto, T., Shimomura, K., & Maeda, S. (2020). Regular aerobic exercise improves sexual function assessed by the aging males’ symptoms questionnaire in adult men. The Aging Male, 1-8.
  • Kumagai, H., Yoshikawa, T., Zempo-Miyaki, A., Myoenzono, K., Tsujimoto, T., Tanaka, K., & Maeda, S. (2018). Vigorous physical activity is associated with regular aerobic exercise-induced increased serum testosterone levels in overweight/obese men. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 50(01), 73-79.
  • Levey, G. S., & Klein, I. Disorders of The Thyroid. In: Stein J, editor. Stei’s textbook of Medicine. 2nd edition. Brown. 1383-1397. 1994.
  • Limanova, Z., Sonka, J., Kratochvil, O., Sonka, K., Kanka, J., & Sprynarova, S. (1983). Effects of exercise on serum cortisol and thyroid hormones. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, 81, 308–314.
  • Masters, P. A., & Simons, R.J. (1996). Clinical Use of Sensitive Assays for thyroid–stimulating hormone. J Gen Intern Med., 11, 115-127.
  • Moghetti, P., Bacchi, E., Brangani, C., Donà, S., & Negri, C. (2016). Metabolic Effects of Exercise. Frontiers of Hormone Research, 47, 44–57.
  • Pala, R., Cinar, V., Kilic, Y., Karadag, M., Alpay, N., & Orhan, S. (2013). Comparison of certain blood values of coaches of national boxing team before and after matches. Advances in Environmental Biology, 689-693.
  • Paran, E., Novack, V., Engelhard, Y. N., & Hazan-Halevy, I. (2009). The effects of natural antioxidants from tomato extract in treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Cardiovascular Drugs And Therapy, 23(2), 145-151.
  • Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018). Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiological Reviews, 98(4), 2133–2223.
  • Philippou, A., Maridaki, M., Tenta, R., & Koutsilieris, M. (2017). Hormonal responses following eccentric exercise in humans. Hormones, 16(4), 405-413.
  • Vaamonde, D., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., García-Manso, J. M., et al. (2009). Response of semen parameters to three training modalities. Fertil Steril., 92, 1941-1946.
  • Yagmur, R., Isik, O., Kilic, Y., & Akyuz, M. (2019). The hydration status and thyroid hormones levels among elite wrestlers. Progress in Nutrition, 21(4), 952-957
  • Yaribeygi, H., Atkin, S. L., Simental-Mendía, L. E., & Sahebkar, A. (2019). Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 234(8), 12385–12392.
  • Zhu, R., Chen, B., Bai, Y., Miao, T., Rui, L., Zhang, H., Xia., B., Li, X., et al., (2020). Lycopene in protection against obesity and diabetes: A mechanistic review. Pharmacological Research, 159, 104966.
  • Zorumski, C. F., Paul, S. M., Izumi, Y., Covey, D. F., & Mennerick, S. (2013). Neurosteroids, stress and depression: potential therapeutic opportunities. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(1), 109-122.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ragıp Pala 0000-0001-6506-656X

Nezihe Şengün 0000-0002-7212-0795

Leyla Sultan Gür 0000-0003-1160-4881

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Acceptance Date December 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Pala, R., Şengün, N., & Gür, L. S. (2020). SPORCULARDA DOMATES SUYU TAKVİYESİNİN TSH, TESTOSTERON VE İNSÜLİN DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 195-203.