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Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaws(Bronj) And The Current Treatment Modalities

Year 2013, Volume: 23 - 2013: Supplement 7, - , 01.07.2013

Yrd. Doç.dr. İsmail Doruk Koçyiğit Dt. Süleyman Kaman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Fethi Atıl Doç. Dr. Umut Tekin Prof. Dr. Hakan H. Tüz

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31460

Abstract

Recently bisphosphonates are widely used for treatment of many bone metabolism related disease and cancer treatment. There are lots of case reports and studies concerned with the jaw bone osteonecrosis which depends on long term use of the bisphosphonates. However, the role of bisphosphonates in the etiology of osteonecrosis is still unclear. The purpose of this report is giving broadly information about the chemical structures of bisphosphonates, mechanisms of action, radiogaphic findings, complications and current treatment modalities. Actual prevention methods of the osteonecrosis are also discussed.

Keywords

Bisphosphonate bone necrosis treatment

References

  • Font RF, Garcia ML, Martinez JMO. Osteochemonecrosis of the jaws due to bisphosphonate treatments: Update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13:318-24.
  • Reid IR. Anti-resorptive therapies for osteoporosis. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 2008;19:473-8.
  • Senel FC, Tekin US, Durmus A, Bagis B. Severe Osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with the use of non-nitrogen containing bisphosphaneta (Disodium Clodronate): Report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:562-5.
  • Franchimont N, Canalis E. Management of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in premenopasual women with autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 2003;2:224-8.
  • Katz H. Endodontic implications of biphosphonateassociated osteonecrosis of the jaws: A report of three cases. JOE 2005;31:831-4.
  • Naidu A, Dechow PC, Spears R, Wright JM, Kessler HP, Opperman LA. The effects of bisphosphonates on osteoblasts in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;106:5-13.
  • Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Grey AB. Is bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by soft tissue toxicity? Bone 2007;41:318-20.
  • Landesberg R, Cozin M, Cremers S, Woo V, Kousteni S, Sinha S, Garrett-Sinha L, Raghavan S. Inhibition of oral mucosal cell wound healing by bisphosphonates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66:839-47.
  • Leite AF, Figueiredo PT, Melo NS, Acevedo AC, Cavalcanti MG, Paula LM, Paula AP, Guerra EN. Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Report of a case and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:14-21.
  • Dental management of patients receiving oral bishosphonate therapy. 2006 Expert panel recommendations of American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs.
  • Kamoun-Goldrat A, Ginisty D, Merrer M. Effect of bisphosphonates on tooth eruption in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Oral Sci 2008;116: 195Lehrer S, Montazem A, Ramanathan L, PessinMinsley M, Pfail J, Stock RG, Kogan R. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws, bone markers, and a hypothesized candidate gene. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:159-61.
  • Marx RE, Cillo JE, Ulloa JJ. Oral bisphosphonateinduced osteonecrosis: risk factors, prediction of risk using serum CTX testing, prevention, and treatment. J Oral MaxillofacSurg 2007;65:23974
  • Montebugnoli L, Felicetti L, Gissi BD, Pizzigallo A, Pelliccioni GA, Marchetti C. Biphosphonateassociated osteonecrosis can be controlled by nonsurgical management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:473-7.
  • Crépin S, Laroche ML, Sarry B, Merle L. Osteonecrosis of the jaws induced by clodronate, an alkylbisphosphonate: case report and literatüre review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:547-54.
  • Maurer P, Sandulescu T, Kriwalsky MS, Rashad A, Hollstein S, Stricker I, Hölzle F, Kunkel M, Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla and sinusitis maxillaris. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40:285-91.
  • Ruggieo SL, Drew SJ. Osteonecrosis of the jaws and bisphosphonate therapy. J Dent Res 2007; 86:1013-21.
  • O'Ryan FS, Khoury S, Liao W, Han MM, Hui RL, Baer D, Martin D, Liberty D, Lo JC. Intraoral bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws; bone scintigraphy as an early indicator. J.Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:1363-72.
  • Bedogni A, Saia G, Ragazzo B, Capelli P, D’Alessandro E, Nocini PF, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L, Blandamura S. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis can hide jaw metastases. Bone 2007;41:942-5.
  • Migliorati CA, Casiglia J, Epstein J, Jacobsen PL, Siegel MA, Woo S-K. Managing the care of patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis. J Am Dent Assoc 2005;136:1658–68.
  • Dannemann C, Gratz KW, Zwahlen R. Clinical experiences with bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaws. SWISS MED WKLY 2006;136:504-9.
  • Scoletta M, Arduino PG, Dalmasso P, Broccoletti R, Mozzati M. Treatment outcomes in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a prospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Radiol Endod 2010;110:46-53.
  • Woo SB, Hellstein JW, Kalmar JR. Narrative [corrected] review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Ann Intern Med 2006;144: 753–61.
  • Ruggiero SL, Mehrotra B, Rosenberg TJ, Engroff SL. Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: a review of 63 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62: 527–34.
  • Bamias A, Kastritis E, Bamia C, Moulopoulos LA, Melakopoulos I, Bozas G, Koutsoukou V, Gika D, Anagnostopoulos A, Papadimitriou C, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer after treatment with bisphosphonates: incidence and risk factors. J Clin Oncol, 2005;23:8580-7.
  • Maerevoet M, Martin C, Duck L. Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates. N Engl J Med 2005;353: 99–102.
  • McLeod NM, Davies BJ, Brennan PA. Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaws; an increasing problem for the dental practitioner. Br Dent J 2007;203: 641–4.
  • American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw – 2009 Update. Approved by the Board of Trustees January 2009.
  • Woo S, Hellentein JW, Kalmar JR. Sytmeatic review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Annals of International Medicine. 2006;16:753-61.
  • Lipton A, Milton S. The safety of zoledronic acid. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2007; 6: 305-13.
  • Migliorati CA, Woo SB, Hewson I, Barasch A, Elting LS, Spijkervet FK, Brennan MT. A systematic review of bisphosphonate osteonecrosis (BON) in canser. Support. Care Canser 18 2010;1099-106.
  • Mehrotra B, Ruggiero S. Bisphosphonate complications including osteonecrosis of the jaw. Hematology. American Society of Hematology Education Program 2006;515:356-60.
  • McLeod NM, Davies BJ, Brennan PA. Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaws; an increasing problem for the dental practitioner. Br Dent J 2007;203: 641–4.
  • Jung TI, et al. Osteonecrosis of jaw under bisphosphonate therapy: patient profile and risk assessment. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22: 113.
  • Abu-Id MH, Warnke PH, Gottschalk J, Springer I, Wiltfang J, Acil Y, Russo PA, Kreusch T.‘‘Bis-phossy jaws’’: High and low risk factors for bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008;36:95-103
  • Stumpe MR, Chandra RK, Yunus F, Samant S. Incidence and risk factors of bisphosphonateassociated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Head Neck 2009;31:202-6.
  • American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Dental management of patients receiving oral bisphosphonate therapy: expert panel recommendations. Journal of American Dental Association 2006;137:1144-50.
  • Marx RE, Oral and intravenous bisphosphonatesinduced osteonecrosis of the jaws: history, etiology, prevention and treatment., Hanover Park: Quintessence Books 2006. 68-70.
  • Niinikoski JH. Clinical hyperbaric oxygen therapy, wound perfusion, and transcutaneous oximetry. World J Surg 2004;28: 307-11.
  • Folwaczny, M., Mehl, A., Jordan, C., and Hickel, R. Antibacterial effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation at different energy settings in root canals. J Endod. 2002; 28, 24–9.
  • Gronqvist, A. Wistrom, J., Axner, O., and Monsen, T.J. Bactericidal effect of pulsed 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser light on staphylococcus epidermidis is of photothermal origin: an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 27: 336–40.
  • Ninomiya T, Miyamoto Y, Ito T, Yamashita A, Wakita M, Nishisaka T. High-intensity pulsed laser irradiation accelerates bone formation in metaphyseal trabecular bone in rat femur. J Bone Miner Metab 2003; 21: 67–73.
  • Campisi G, et al. Bisphosphonate- related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ): run dental management designs and issues in diagnosis. Ann Oncol 2007;18:168–72.
  • Çevik P: Bifosfonat kullanılan hastalarda oral cerrahi uygulamalarda karşılaşılabilecek sorunlar ve tedavisi. İ.Ü.Diş Hek.Fak. Öğrenci Bitirme Tezi. Danışman; Prof. Dr. Özen Doğan Onur 2009.
  • Barker K, et al. Survey of members of myeloma UK on biphosphonates-associated jaw osteonecrosis. Br J Haematol 2007;139: 626–8.
  • Cheng A, Mavrokokki A, Carter G, Stein B, Fazzalari NL, Wilson DF, Goss AN. The dental implications of bisphosphonates and bone disease. Australian Dental Journal 2005; 50: 4-13.
  • Maurer P, Sandulescu T, Kriwalsky MS, Rashad A, Hollstein S, Stricker I, Hölzle F, Kunkel M. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla and sinusitis maxillaris. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40:285-91. Yazışma Adresi
  • Yrd. Doç. Dr. İsmail Doruk KOÇYİĞİT Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fak. Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi A.D Kırıkkale Merkez Tel: 0318 2244927 e-Mail: dorukkocyigit@gmail.com

Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri

Year 2013, Volume: 23 - 2013: Supplement 7, - , 01.07.2013

Yrd. Doç.dr. İsmail Doruk Koçyiğit Dt. Süleyman Kaman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Fethi Atıl Doç. Dr. Umut Tekin Prof. Dr. Hakan H. Tüz

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31460

Abstract

Bisfosfonatlar günümüzde kemik metabolizmasıyla ve kanser tedavisi ile ilgili çok sayıda hastalığın tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. İlacın uzun süre kullanımına bağlı çene kemiklerinde oluşan osteonekrozla ilişkili bir çok vaka raporu ve çalışma mevcut olmasına rağmen ilacın osteonekrozun etiyolojisinde nasıl bir rol oynadığı hala tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada bisfosfonatların kimyasal yapıları, etki mekanizmaları, radyolojik bulguları, kullanımına bağlı ortaya çıkan komplikasyonlar ve osteonekrozun oluşmasını önlemeye yönelik yapılması gerekenler ve güncel tedavi yaklaşımı hakkında bilgi verilecektir.

Keywords

Anahtar Kelimler: Bisfosfonat kemik nekroz tedavi

References

  • Font RF, Garcia ML, Martinez JMO. Osteochemonecrosis of the jaws due to bisphosphonate treatments: Update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13:318-24.
  • Reid IR. Anti-resorptive therapies for osteoporosis. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 2008;19:473-8.
  • Senel FC, Tekin US, Durmus A, Bagis B. Severe Osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with the use of non-nitrogen containing bisphosphaneta (Disodium Clodronate): Report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:562-5.
  • Franchimont N, Canalis E. Management of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in premenopasual women with autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 2003;2:224-8.
  • Katz H. Endodontic implications of biphosphonateassociated osteonecrosis of the jaws: A report of three cases. JOE 2005;31:831-4.
  • Naidu A, Dechow PC, Spears R, Wright JM, Kessler HP, Opperman LA. The effects of bisphosphonates on osteoblasts in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;106:5-13.
  • Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Grey AB. Is bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by soft tissue toxicity? Bone 2007;41:318-20.
  • Landesberg R, Cozin M, Cremers S, Woo V, Kousteni S, Sinha S, Garrett-Sinha L, Raghavan S. Inhibition of oral mucosal cell wound healing by bisphosphonates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66:839-47.
  • Leite AF, Figueiredo PT, Melo NS, Acevedo AC, Cavalcanti MG, Paula LM, Paula AP, Guerra EN. Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Report of a case and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:14-21.
  • Dental management of patients receiving oral bishosphonate therapy. 2006 Expert panel recommendations of American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs.
  • Kamoun-Goldrat A, Ginisty D, Merrer M. Effect of bisphosphonates on tooth eruption in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Oral Sci 2008;116: 195Lehrer S, Montazem A, Ramanathan L, PessinMinsley M, Pfail J, Stock RG, Kogan R. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws, bone markers, and a hypothesized candidate gene. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:159-61.
  • Marx RE, Cillo JE, Ulloa JJ. Oral bisphosphonateinduced osteonecrosis: risk factors, prediction of risk using serum CTX testing, prevention, and treatment. J Oral MaxillofacSurg 2007;65:23974
  • Montebugnoli L, Felicetti L, Gissi BD, Pizzigallo A, Pelliccioni GA, Marchetti C. Biphosphonateassociated osteonecrosis can be controlled by nonsurgical management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:473-7.
  • Crépin S, Laroche ML, Sarry B, Merle L. Osteonecrosis of the jaws induced by clodronate, an alkylbisphosphonate: case report and literatüre review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:547-54.
  • Maurer P, Sandulescu T, Kriwalsky MS, Rashad A, Hollstein S, Stricker I, Hölzle F, Kunkel M, Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla and sinusitis maxillaris. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40:285-91.
  • Ruggieo SL, Drew SJ. Osteonecrosis of the jaws and bisphosphonate therapy. J Dent Res 2007; 86:1013-21.
  • O'Ryan FS, Khoury S, Liao W, Han MM, Hui RL, Baer D, Martin D, Liberty D, Lo JC. Intraoral bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws; bone scintigraphy as an early indicator. J.Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:1363-72.
  • Bedogni A, Saia G, Ragazzo B, Capelli P, D’Alessandro E, Nocini PF, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L, Blandamura S. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis can hide jaw metastases. Bone 2007;41:942-5.
  • Migliorati CA, Casiglia J, Epstein J, Jacobsen PL, Siegel MA, Woo S-K. Managing the care of patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis. J Am Dent Assoc 2005;136:1658–68.
  • Dannemann C, Gratz KW, Zwahlen R. Clinical experiences with bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaws. SWISS MED WKLY 2006;136:504-9.
  • Scoletta M, Arduino PG, Dalmasso P, Broccoletti R, Mozzati M. Treatment outcomes in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a prospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Radiol Endod 2010;110:46-53.
  • Woo SB, Hellstein JW, Kalmar JR. Narrative [corrected] review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Ann Intern Med 2006;144: 753–61.
  • Ruggiero SL, Mehrotra B, Rosenberg TJ, Engroff SL. Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: a review of 63 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62: 527–34.
  • Bamias A, Kastritis E, Bamia C, Moulopoulos LA, Melakopoulos I, Bozas G, Koutsoukou V, Gika D, Anagnostopoulos A, Papadimitriou C, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer after treatment with bisphosphonates: incidence and risk factors. J Clin Oncol, 2005;23:8580-7.
  • Maerevoet M, Martin C, Duck L. Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates. N Engl J Med 2005;353: 99–102.
  • McLeod NM, Davies BJ, Brennan PA. Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaws; an increasing problem for the dental practitioner. Br Dent J 2007;203: 641–4.
  • American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw – 2009 Update. Approved by the Board of Trustees January 2009.
  • Woo S, Hellentein JW, Kalmar JR. Sytmeatic review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Annals of International Medicine. 2006;16:753-61.
  • Lipton A, Milton S. The safety of zoledronic acid. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2007; 6: 305-13.
  • Migliorati CA, Woo SB, Hewson I, Barasch A, Elting LS, Spijkervet FK, Brennan MT. A systematic review of bisphosphonate osteonecrosis (BON) in canser. Support. Care Canser 18 2010;1099-106.
  • Mehrotra B, Ruggiero S. Bisphosphonate complications including osteonecrosis of the jaw. Hematology. American Society of Hematology Education Program 2006;515:356-60.
  • McLeod NM, Davies BJ, Brennan PA. Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaws; an increasing problem for the dental practitioner. Br Dent J 2007;203: 641–4.
  • Jung TI, et al. Osteonecrosis of jaw under bisphosphonate therapy: patient profile and risk assessment. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22: 113.
  • Abu-Id MH, Warnke PH, Gottschalk J, Springer I, Wiltfang J, Acil Y, Russo PA, Kreusch T.‘‘Bis-phossy jaws’’: High and low risk factors for bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008;36:95-103
  • Stumpe MR, Chandra RK, Yunus F, Samant S. Incidence and risk factors of bisphosphonateassociated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Head Neck 2009;31:202-6.
  • American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Dental management of patients receiving oral bisphosphonate therapy: expert panel recommendations. Journal of American Dental Association 2006;137:1144-50.
  • Marx RE, Oral and intravenous bisphosphonatesinduced osteonecrosis of the jaws: history, etiology, prevention and treatment., Hanover Park: Quintessence Books 2006. 68-70.
  • Niinikoski JH. Clinical hyperbaric oxygen therapy, wound perfusion, and transcutaneous oximetry. World J Surg 2004;28: 307-11.
  • Folwaczny, M., Mehl, A., Jordan, C., and Hickel, R. Antibacterial effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation at different energy settings in root canals. J Endod. 2002; 28, 24–9.
  • Gronqvist, A. Wistrom, J., Axner, O., and Monsen, T.J. Bactericidal effect of pulsed 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser light on staphylococcus epidermidis is of photothermal origin: an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 27: 336–40.
  • Ninomiya T, Miyamoto Y, Ito T, Yamashita A, Wakita M, Nishisaka T. High-intensity pulsed laser irradiation accelerates bone formation in metaphyseal trabecular bone in rat femur. J Bone Miner Metab 2003; 21: 67–73.
  • Campisi G, et al. Bisphosphonate- related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ): run dental management designs and issues in diagnosis. Ann Oncol 2007;18:168–72.
  • Çevik P: Bifosfonat kullanılan hastalarda oral cerrahi uygulamalarda karşılaşılabilecek sorunlar ve tedavisi. İ.Ü.Diş Hek.Fak. Öğrenci Bitirme Tezi. Danışman; Prof. Dr. Özen Doğan Onur 2009.
  • Barker K, et al. Survey of members of myeloma UK on biphosphonates-associated jaw osteonecrosis. Br J Haematol 2007;139: 626–8.
  • Cheng A, Mavrokokki A, Carter G, Stein B, Fazzalari NL, Wilson DF, Goss AN. The dental implications of bisphosphonates and bone disease. Australian Dental Journal 2005; 50: 4-13.
  • Maurer P, Sandulescu T, Kriwalsky MS, Rashad A, Hollstein S, Stricker I, Hölzle F, Kunkel M. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the maxilla and sinusitis maxillaris. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40:285-91. Yazışma Adresi
  • Yrd. Doç. Dr. İsmail Doruk KOÇYİĞİT Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fak. Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi A.D Kırıkkale Merkez Tel: 0318 2244927 e-Mail: dorukkocyigit@gmail.com
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yrd. Doç.dr. İsmail Doruk Koçyiğit This is me

Dt. Süleyman Kaman This is me

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Fethi Atıl This is me

Doç. Dr. Umut Tekin This is me

Prof. Dr. Hakan H. Tüz This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 23 - 2013: Supplement 7

Cite

APA Koçyiğit, Y. D. İ. D., Kaman, D. S., Atıl, Y. D. D. F., Tekin, D. D. U., et al. (2013). Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 23. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31460
AMA Koçyiğit YDİD, Kaman DS, Atıl YDDF, Tekin DDU, Tüz PDHH. Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. July 2013;23. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.31460
Chicago Koçyiğit, Yrd. Doç.dr. İsmail Doruk, Dt. Süleyman Kaman, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Fethi Atıl, Doç. Dr. Umut Tekin, and Prof. Dr. Hakan H. Tüz. “Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) Ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23, July (July 2013). https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31460.
EndNote Koçyiğit YDİD, Kaman DS, Atıl YDDF, Tekin DDU, Tüz PDHH (July 1, 2013) Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23
IEEE Y. D. İ. D. Koçyiğit, D. S. Kaman, Y. D. D. F. Atıl, D. D. U. Tekin, and P. D. H. H. Tüz, “Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 23, 2013, doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.31460.
ISNAD Koçyiğit, Yrd. Doç.dr. İsmail Doruk et al. “Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) Ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (July 2013). https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.31460.
JAMA Koçyiğit YDİD, Kaman DS, Atıl YDDF, Tekin DDU, Tüz PDHH. Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.31460.
MLA Koçyiğit, Yrd. Doç.dr. İsmail Doruk et al. “Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) Ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 23, 2013, doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.31460.
Vancouver Koçyiğit YDİD, Kaman DS, Atıl YDDF, Tekin DDU, Tüz PDHH. Bisfosfonatlara Bağlı Olarak Çene Kemiklerinde Gelişen Osteonekroz (Bon) ve Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23.

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