YENİ TİP 1 DİABETES MELLİTUS TEŞHİSİ KONULAN ÇOCUKLARIN BESLENME VE AĞIZ HİJYENİ EĞİTİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2016, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 427 - 434, 01.12.2016

Cüneyt Asım Aral , Korcan Demir

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.290259

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Literatürde tip 1 diyabetin erken döneminde verilen
beslenme ve ağız hijyeni eğitiminin sonuçlarını değerlendiren çalışma
bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma- nın amacı Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) teşhisi
konu- lan çocuklarda beslenme ve ağız hijyeni alışkanlıklarını incelemek, aynı
yaş grubu sistemik sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırmak ve bulguları diyabetin
kontrolünün 3. ayında tekrar değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 10-16 yaş arası 60 birey dâhil
edildi. Yaş, boy, kilo ve vücut kütle indeksi açısından benzer olan çalışma
gruplarımızı; sistemik olarak sağlıklı bireyler (S),  yeni T1DM teşhisi konulan hastalar (DY) ve
T1DM’li hastaların 3. ay kontrolleri (DK) oluşturdu. Bireylerin periodontal
muayenelerinde OHİ-S (Oral Hijyen İndeksi) ve SKI (Sulkus Kanama İndeksi)
belirlendi. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin ebeveynleri ile beslenme ve ağız
hijyeni anketi yapıldı.

Bulgular: DY grubunda OHİ-S değerleri, DK grubuna
göre daha yüksekti (p=0.005). DY grubunda SKİ değerleri, S ile DK gruplarından
daha fazla bulundu (Sırasıyla; p = 0.002 ve p=0.015). Öğün atlamayan bireylerin
yüzdesi DK grubunda en yüksekti (%90). DY grubunda; genellikle tatlı tüketen
bireylerin yüzdesi (%66.7) ve genellikle içecek tüketen bireylerin yüzdesi
(%76.7) en yüksekti. S grubunda genellikle atıştırmalık tüketen bireylerin
yüzdesi en düşüktü(%26.7). Genel- likle dişlerini fırçalayan ve düzenli gargara
yapan birey- lerin yüzdeleri DY grubuna göre (Sırasıyla; %30, %10), DK grubunda
(Sırasıyla; %76.7, %46.7) yüksel- diği izlendi. DY grubunda fırçalama esnasında
genel- likle dişeti kanaması olan bireylerin yüzdesi (%53.3), S (%26.7) ve DK
(%23.3) gruplarına göre daha fazla bulundu.

Sonuçlar: Ağız hijyenini de etkileyebilen beslenme
alışkanlıkları, kontrolsüz T1DM’li çocuklarda bozulduğu izlendi. Dolayısı ile
diyabetik bireylere verilen ağız hijyeni ve beslenme eğitimi; hem diyabetin
kontrolü, hem de periodontal sağlığın idamesi için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tip 1 Diabetes, Mellitus, ağız hijyeni, beslenme alışkanlıkları

EVALUATION
OF ORAL HYGIENE AND NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE
1 DIABETES MELLITUS

ABSTRACT

 Objectives: There is no study in the literature evaluating the results of oral
hygiene and nutritional education in
the early stages of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral
hygiene and nutritional education in children diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus (T1DM), and reevaluate the children diagnosed with T1DM after 3
months, and compare them with those of systemically healthy controls.

Materials and
Methods: The present study was consisted of 60 individuals aged
between 10-16 years. Systemically healthy individuals (S), patients with newly
diagnosed T1DM (DY), and their control after 3 months (DK), formed the study
groups which were similar with regards to age, height, weight, and body mass
index. The periodontal examination was consisted of OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index)
and SBI (Sulcus Bleeding Index). Oral hygiene and nutritional questionnaire was
conducted with the parents.

Results: OHI-S values were higher in group DY, compared to group DK (p = 0.005).
SBI values in group DY were higher compared to group S and group DK (p = 0.002
and p = 0.015, respectively). No meal skipping percentage in group DK was the
highest (90%). The percentages of usually sweet (66.7%) and drink consumption
(76.7%) were the highest in the group DY. The percentage of usually snack
consumption was the lowest in group S (26.7%). The percentages of usually tooth
brushing and gargling increased in group DK (76.7% and 46.7%, respectively),
compared to group DY (30% and 10%, respectively). The percentage of bleeding on
brushing in group DY (53.3%) was higher compared to group S (26.7%) and group
DK (23.3%).

Conclusions: Dietary habits, which can effect oral hygiene, is disrupted in children
with uncontrolled T1DM. Oral hygiene and nutritional education of individuals with diabetes is
important for both control of diabetes and maintenance of periodontal health.

Key
Words: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; oral hygiene; dietary
habits

Keywords

ip 1 Diabetes, Mellitus, ağız hijyeni

References

• Kidambi S, Patel SB. Diabetes mellitus: considerations for dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;(Suppl 139):8-18.
• 2. Lalla E, Papapanou PN. Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: a tale of two common interrelated diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011;7:738-48.
• 3. Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Lalla E. A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Periodontol 2013;84:113-34.
• 4. Liu R, Bal HS, Desta T, Krothapalli N, Alyassi M, Luan Q, et al. Diabetes enhances periodontal bone loss through enhanced resorption and diminished bone formation. J Dent Res 2006;85:510-4.
• 5. Graves DT, Liu R, Alikhani M, Al-Mashat H, Trackman PC. Diabetes-enhanced inflammation and apoptosis--impact on periodontal pathology. J Dent Res 2006;85:15-21.
• 6. Mishima N, Sahara N, Shirakawa M, Ozawa H. Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on alveolar bone deposition in the rat. Arch Oral Biol 2002;47:843-9.
• 7. Needleman I, Suvan J, Moles DR, Pimlott J. A systematic review of professional mechanical plaque removal for prevention of periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2005;(Suppl 32)6:229-82.
• 8. Özer Ö, Demiralp D. Periodontitis kardiyovasküler hastalığa neden olur mu? Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2005;15:62-70.
• 9. Gujjar KR, Khadija H, Suleiman MO, Amith HV. Gingival health status of 2- to 15-year-old Benghazi children with type-I diabetes mellitus. J Dent Child (Chic) 2011;78:96-101.
• 10. Orbak R, Simsek S, Orbak Z, Kavrut F, Colak M. The influence of type-1 diabetes mellitus on dentition and oral health in children and adolescents. Yonsei Med J 2008;49:357-65.
• Ismail AF, McGrath CP, Yiu CK. Oral health of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015;108:369-81.
• 22. Carneiro VL, Fraiz FC, Ferreira Fde M, Pintarelli TP, Oliveira AC, Boguszewski MC. The influence of glycemic control on the oral health of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2015;59:535-40.
• 23. Alves C, Brandao M, Andion J, Menezes R. Oral health knowledge and habits in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Braz Dent J 2009;20:70-3.
• 24. Salvi GE, Franco LM, Braun TM, Lee A, Rutger Persson G, Lang NP, et al. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers during experimental gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept study. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37:9-16.
• 25. Overby NC, Margeirsdottir HD, Brunborg C, Dahl-Jorgensen K, Andersen LF. Sweets, snacking habits, and skipping meals in children and adolescents on intensive insulin treatment. Pediatr Diabetes 2008;9:393-400.
• 26. Rickard KA, Loghmani ES, Cleveland JL, Fineberg NS, Freidenberg GR. Lower glycemic response to sucrose in the diets of children with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr 1998;133:429-34.
• 27. Walker CG, Zariwala MG, Holness MJ, Sugden MC. Diet, obesity and diabetes: a current update. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007;112:93-111.
• 28. Siudikiene J, Maciulskiene V, Nedzelskiene I. Dietary and oral hygiene habits in children with type I diabetes mellitus related to dental caries. Stomatologija 2005;7:58-62.
• 29. Yetiş CÇ, Kırzıoğlu Z. Çocuklarda dental erozyon ve koruyucu uygulamalar. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2015:81-90.
• 30. Kara M, Gürbüz E, Mete A, Şahin T, Çelik Ç, Yamanel K. Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Ağız-Diş Sağlığı İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2009;19:161-7
• Naka A, Riedl M, Luger A, Hummel T, Mueller CA. Clinical significance of smell and taste disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010;267:547-50.
• 40. Lamster IB, Lalla E, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;(Suppl 139):19-24.