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Melville’in Moby Dick İsimli Eserinde Karşıtlık: Amerikan Transandantalizmi ile Karşı-Transandantalizm

Year 2019, Issue: 63, 263 - 278, 27.12.2019

Abstract

Balina gemilerinde denizcilik yaparken
edindiği deneyimlerden yola çıkan
Amerikalı romancı Herman Melville (1819-1891), Moby
Dick
(1851) isimli başyapıtında insanın denizle ve denizin belirsizlikleri
ile olan karmaşık ilişkisini ele alır. Bu
amaçla, denizcilik temalı romanında Melville, balina avcısı Kaptan Ahab’ın, bir
önceki av sırasasında gemisini tahrip eden ve bacağını dizinden koparan albino
sperm balinası Moby Dick’ten intikamını almak için girdiği saplantılı
arayışının hikayesini anlatıyor.
Ahab gibi bir karakter yaratırken, Melville,
insan doğasının kötü, yıkıcı yanını ele almakta ve insan doğasının
sınırlamaları ile potansiyel yıkıcılığına odaklanmaktadır. Öte yandan, romanın
anlatıcısı Ishmael, roman boyunca Amerikan
Transandantalizminin birçok yönünü yansıtmaktadır. Bu nedenle, romanın karşıt
iki kahramanı, romanın yapısına da yansımaktadır. Şöyle ki, Ishmael'in romanın
ilk bölümünde sergilediği
Transandant idealizm ve iyimserlik, kitabın ikinci yarısında
yerini
Shakespeare trajedisine
de uygun olan
Ahab’ın intikam takıntısına ve diktacı liderliğine bırakmaktadır. Bu makale Moby Dick isimli eserde
Ishmael ve Kaptan Ahab karakterleri aracılığıyla, Amerikan
Transandant idealizmi ile Karşı-Transandantalizmin
Shakespeare trajedisi formunda
nasıl bir arada kullanıldığı göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.



 

References

  • “American Transcendentalism” (August 30 2019) Digital History..Retrieved from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook_print.cfm?smtid=2&psid= 3551Bryant, J. (1998). “Moby-Dick as Revolution.” The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville. Robert S. Levine. (Ed). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp.65-90.Bloom, H. (2007). Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. Edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. New York: Bloom’s Literary Criticism. Elliott, E. (2005). ““Wandering To-and-Fro”: Melville and Religion” in A Historical Guide to Herman Melville. Giles Gunn. (Ed). Oxford: OUP. Emerson, R. W. (2000). The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed.Brooks Atkinson. With and Introduction by Mary Oliver. New York: Modern Library. Hayes, K. J. (2007). The Cambridge Introduction to Herman Melville. Cambridge: CUP. Hughes, R. G. (July 1932). “Melville and Shakespeare,” Shakespeare Association Bulletin, VII, pp. 103-113.Gura, P. F. (2007). American Transcendentalism: A History. New York: Hill and Wang. Klein, B. (Ed) (2002). Fictions of the Sea. Critical Perspectives on the Ocean in British Literature and Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate. Matthiessen, O.F. (1968). American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. Oxford: OUP. McLoughlin, M. (2003). Dead Letters to the New World: Melville, Emerson and American Transcendentalism. London: Routledge. Melville, H. (2002). Moby Dick. With an introduction by David Herd. Ware: Wordsworth Classics. (Published in 1851)Melville, H. (1988). “Hawthorne and His Mosses” in The Norton Anthology: American Literature. Fifth Edition, Volume 1. Nina Baym. (Ed.) New York: Norton. (Published in 1850)Mills, G. H. (1950). “The Castaway in Moby-Dick” in The University of Texas Studies in English. Vol.29 pp. 231-248. Myers, H. A. (March 1942). “Captain Ahab’s Discovery: The Tragic Meaning of Moby Dick.” The New England Quarterly, Vol. 15. No 1 pp. 15-34.Olson, C. (1947). Call Me Ishmael: A Study of Melville. San Francisco: City Lights Books. Olson, C. (2004). “Shakespeare and Melville” in The American Renaissance. Edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. Phillips, J. and A. Ladd. (2006). Romanticism and Transcendentalism: 1800-1860. New York: Chelsea House. Reynolds, D. S. (1988). Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age of Emerson and Melville. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Rice, J. C. (Fall 1970). “Moby-Dick and Shakespearean Tragedy” The Centennial Review. Vol. 14. No.4 pp. 444-468. Thompson, L. (1966). Melville’s Quarrel with God. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism

Year 2019, Issue: 63, 263 - 278, 27.12.2019

Abstract

Counting on his own experiences as a seaman
aboard whaling ships, American novelist Herman Melville
(1819-1891) comments
on the complex human relationship with the sea and its uncertainties in his
masterpiece,
Moby Dick (1851). To this end, in his
maritime novel, Melville tells the story of the
obsessive quest of Captain Ahab of the whaler Pequod for revenge on Moby Dick, the albino sperm whale that
destroyed his vessel and bit off his leg at the knee on the previous whaling
voyage. In creating a character like Ahab, Melville seems to emphasize the evil
and destructive side of humanity,
focusing
on the limitations and potential destructiveness of human nature. On the other
hand, the narrator of the novel, Ishmael, displays many aspects of American
transcendentalism throughout the novel. Thus, the two opposite protagonists are
reflected in the structure of the novel as the
transcendental idealism and optimism that Ishmael
displays in the early part of the novel are replaced by Ahab’s obsession for
revenge and dictatorial leadership in the second half of the book, which is
also appropriate for Shakespearean tragedy. This paper seeks to explore how the
characters of Ishmael and Captain Ahab in Moby
Dick
match American transcendental idealism with dark romanticism in the
form a Shakespearean tragic plot. 

References

  • “American Transcendentalism” (August 30 2019) Digital History..Retrieved from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook_print.cfm?smtid=2&psid= 3551Bryant, J. (1998). “Moby-Dick as Revolution.” The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville. Robert S. Levine. (Ed). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp.65-90.Bloom, H. (2007). Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. Edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. New York: Bloom’s Literary Criticism. Elliott, E. (2005). ““Wandering To-and-Fro”: Melville and Religion” in A Historical Guide to Herman Melville. Giles Gunn. (Ed). Oxford: OUP. Emerson, R. W. (2000). The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ed.Brooks Atkinson. With and Introduction by Mary Oliver. New York: Modern Library. Hayes, K. J. (2007). The Cambridge Introduction to Herman Melville. Cambridge: CUP. Hughes, R. G. (July 1932). “Melville and Shakespeare,” Shakespeare Association Bulletin, VII, pp. 103-113.Gura, P. F. (2007). American Transcendentalism: A History. New York: Hill and Wang. Klein, B. (Ed) (2002). Fictions of the Sea. Critical Perspectives on the Ocean in British Literature and Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate. Matthiessen, O.F. (1968). American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. Oxford: OUP. McLoughlin, M. (2003). Dead Letters to the New World: Melville, Emerson and American Transcendentalism. London: Routledge. Melville, H. (2002). Moby Dick. With an introduction by David Herd. Ware: Wordsworth Classics. (Published in 1851)Melville, H. (1988). “Hawthorne and His Mosses” in The Norton Anthology: American Literature. Fifth Edition, Volume 1. Nina Baym. (Ed.) New York: Norton. (Published in 1850)Mills, G. H. (1950). “The Castaway in Moby-Dick” in The University of Texas Studies in English. Vol.29 pp. 231-248. Myers, H. A. (March 1942). “Captain Ahab’s Discovery: The Tragic Meaning of Moby Dick.” The New England Quarterly, Vol. 15. No 1 pp. 15-34.Olson, C. (1947). Call Me Ishmael: A Study of Melville. San Francisco: City Lights Books. Olson, C. (2004). “Shakespeare and Melville” in The American Renaissance. Edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. Phillips, J. and A. Ladd. (2006). Romanticism and Transcendentalism: 1800-1860. New York: Chelsea House. Reynolds, D. S. (1988). Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age of Emerson and Melville. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Rice, J. C. (Fall 1970). “Moby-Dick and Shakespearean Tragedy” The Centennial Review. Vol. 14. No.4 pp. 444-468. Thompson, L. (1966). Melville’s Quarrel with God. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Olgahan Bakşi Yalcin 0000-0002-5527-9200

Publication Date December 27, 2019
Submission Date October 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 63

Cite

APA Bakşi Yalcin, O. (2019). The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(63), 263-278.
AMA Bakşi Yalcin O. The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism. AUEDFD. December 2019;(63):263-278.
Chicago Bakşi Yalcin, Olgahan. “The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-Transcendentalism”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 63 (December 2019): 263-78.
EndNote Bakşi Yalcin O (December 1, 2019) The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 63 263–278.
IEEE O. Bakşi Yalcin, “The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism”, AUEDFD, no. 63, pp. 263–278, December 2019.
ISNAD Bakşi Yalcin, Olgahan. “The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-Transcendentalism”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 63 (December 2019), 263-278.
JAMA Bakşi Yalcin O. The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism. AUEDFD. 2019;:263–278.
MLA Bakşi Yalcin, Olgahan. “The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-Transcendentalism”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 63, 2019, pp. 263-78.
Vancouver Bakşi Yalcin O. The Dichotomy of Melville’s Moby Dick: American Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism. AUEDFD. 2019(63):263-78.