Araştırma Makalesi
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Oryantalizmin Önemi ve Çağdaş İslami Hareketlerin Rolü Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 6, 4610 - 4627

Öz

“Oryantalizm” tanımlarının çoğu Batılı anlamlarını içerir; bu terimin özellikle Avrupa sömürgeciliğiyle ilişkili olarak olumsuz çağrışımlarıyla birlikte muğlaklığı kabul edilmektedir. Edward Said'in muğlaklığı giderme çabaları bu karmaşıklığı azaltmamış, aksine Batı karşıtı bir söylemin eleştiri odağı ve temeli haline gelmiştir. Doğu (Doğululaştırılmış) ve Batı (Batılılaştırılmış) dünyaları arasındaki karşıtlığa yapılan vurgu, araştırmacının zihninde özne ile hakikati arasında bir mesafe yaratır; bu mesafe, öznenin adil olmayan bir imgesinin inşa edilmesine neden olur. Konunun ele alınışındaki bu terim değişikliği, Batılıların konuya yaklaşımındaki bir değişikliğe işaret etmektedir ve ne yazık ki bu değişiklikler eleştirmenler, özellikle de Müslümanlar tarafından göz ardı edilmektedir. Özellikle Batı'daki İslami çalışmalar alanında tanımların yapılmasında zamanın rolüne dikkat edilmemesi bu karşıtlığı etkilemiş ve donmuş bir kavramın eleştirilmesi anlaşmazlığın derinliğini artırmıştır. Bu makale, “Oryantalizm” teriminin Avrupa kültüründeki inşasının bağlamını, bölgeselliğini veya uygulamalarını, Oryantalizm anlayışımızı, İslami çalışmalarda Müslümanların varlığı ve işbirliği ile Batı düşüncesinin dönüşümünde Oryantalistlerin rolünü inceleyerek Oryantalizmin çağdaş meydan okumasını ve paradigma değişimini ele almaya çalışmaktadır. Son olarak, en önemli faktörlerini sıralayarak empatik Oryantalizm tartışmasını ortaya koyduk.

Kaynakça

  • Azdanloo, H. (2004). Edward Said. Publisher of the Cultural Research Office.
  • Bashirieh, H. (2006). An Introduction to Iranian Political Sociology during the Islamic Republic of Iran. Negah Moaser, Shola.
  • Gandhi, L. (2009). Postcolonialism. (Translated by M. Alamzadeh and H.Kakasoltani). Institute for Cultural and Social Studies in cooperation with Imam Sadeq University (PBUH).
  • Gorham, B. W. (1999). Stereotypes in the media: So what? Howard Journal of Communications, 10 (4), 229–247.
  • Franklin, M.J. (2011). Oryantalist Jones: Sir William Jones, Şair, Avukat ve Dilbilimci, 1746-1794. Oxford University Press.
  • Halliday, F. (2003). Fred Halliday and the Goal Setting of the Islamic Revolution, https://tinyurl.com/26h7pamw
  • Hamdi, H. (2017). The Evolution of Islamic Movements; From the Salafi Movement of Sayyid Jamal to the Islamic Awakening (1249-1390 AH). Imam Sadiq University (PBUH) Hemmati-G. A. (2007). History of Orientalism: An Exploration of the Course of Islamic Studies in the West. Jihad Daneshgahi (University of Mashhad).
  • Izadi, F. & Saghaye-Biria. H. (2007). A Discourse Analysis of Elite American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran’s Nuclear Program. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 31 (2), 140-165.
  • Karim, H. K. (1997). The Historical Resilience of Primary Stereotypes: Core Images of the MuslimOther. In S. Riggins & E. Harold, The language and politics of exclusion: Others in discourse. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publication, Inc.
  • Khosrokhavar, F. (2005). Suicide Bombers: Allah"s New Martyrs. (Translated by D. Macey). Pluto Press.
  • Mehdizadeh, S. M. (2008). Media and Representation. Media Studies and Planning Office (Media Studies and Research Center).
  • Merskin, D. (2005). The Construction of Arabs as Enemies: Post-9/11 Discourse of George W. Bush. In L. Artz & Y. R. Kamalipour(Ed.). Bring Them on (pp. 121- 135). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Said, E. (2016). Orientalism, translated by Abdolrahim Gawahi, published by the Islamic Culture Publishing House. For access: https://tinyurl.com/2eh633ye
  • Said, E. (2003). Culture and Imperialism: A Cultural Study of Imperial Politics. Translated by Afsar Akbari. International Center for Dialogue of Civilizations .
  • Sayyid, B. (1997). A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism. Zed Books.
  • Schaar, S. (2000). Orientalism at The Service of Imperialism at Macfie. A. L (ed). Orientalism A Reader, Newyork University Press.
  • Shahin, E. E. (1998). Political Ascent: Contemporary Islamic Movments in North Africa. Westview Press.
  • Wilkins, K. G. (2009). Home /Land/ Security: What We Learn about Arab Communities from Action-Adventure Films. Lexington Books.

A Historical Study of the Importance of Orientalism and the Role of Contemporary Islamic Movements

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 6, 4610 - 4627

Öz

Many of the definitions of "Orientalism" contain their Western meaning; the ambiguity of this term with its negative connotation, especially in relation to European colonialism, is acknowledged. Edward Said's efforts to disambiguate it did not reduce this complexity, but rather became the focus and basis of criticism in an anti-Western discourse. The emphasis on the opposition between the Eastern (Orientalized) and Western (Westernized) worlds creates a distance in the researcher's mind between the subject and its truth; a distance that causes the construction of an unfair image of the subject. The change of this term in dealing with the subject indicates a change in the Westerners' approach to it, and unfortunately, these changes are ignored by critics, especially Muslims. The lack of attention to the role of time in providing definitions, especially in the field of Islamic studies in the West, has affected this opposition, and criticizing a frozen concept has deepened the depth of disagreement. This article attempts to address the contemporary challenge and paradigm shift of Orientalism by examining the context of the construction of the term "Orientalism" in European culture, its territoriality or applications, our understanding of Orientalism, the role of Orientalists in the transformation of Western thought with the presence and cooperation of Muslims in Islamic studies. Finally, we have put forward the discussion of empathetic Orientalism by listing its most important factors.

Kaynakça

  • Azdanloo, H. (2004). Edward Said. Publisher of the Cultural Research Office.
  • Bashirieh, H. (2006). An Introduction to Iranian Political Sociology during the Islamic Republic of Iran. Negah Moaser, Shola.
  • Gandhi, L. (2009). Postcolonialism. (Translated by M. Alamzadeh and H.Kakasoltani). Institute for Cultural and Social Studies in cooperation with Imam Sadeq University (PBUH).
  • Gorham, B. W. (1999). Stereotypes in the media: So what? Howard Journal of Communications, 10 (4), 229–247.
  • Franklin, M.J. (2011). Oryantalist Jones: Sir William Jones, Şair, Avukat ve Dilbilimci, 1746-1794. Oxford University Press.
  • Halliday, F. (2003). Fred Halliday and the Goal Setting of the Islamic Revolution, https://tinyurl.com/26h7pamw
  • Hamdi, H. (2017). The Evolution of Islamic Movements; From the Salafi Movement of Sayyid Jamal to the Islamic Awakening (1249-1390 AH). Imam Sadiq University (PBUH) Hemmati-G. A. (2007). History of Orientalism: An Exploration of the Course of Islamic Studies in the West. Jihad Daneshgahi (University of Mashhad).
  • Izadi, F. & Saghaye-Biria. H. (2007). A Discourse Analysis of Elite American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran’s Nuclear Program. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 31 (2), 140-165.
  • Karim, H. K. (1997). The Historical Resilience of Primary Stereotypes: Core Images of the MuslimOther. In S. Riggins & E. Harold, The language and politics of exclusion: Others in discourse. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publication, Inc.
  • Khosrokhavar, F. (2005). Suicide Bombers: Allah"s New Martyrs. (Translated by D. Macey). Pluto Press.
  • Mehdizadeh, S. M. (2008). Media and Representation. Media Studies and Planning Office (Media Studies and Research Center).
  • Merskin, D. (2005). The Construction of Arabs as Enemies: Post-9/11 Discourse of George W. Bush. In L. Artz & Y. R. Kamalipour(Ed.). Bring Them on (pp. 121- 135). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Said, E. (2016). Orientalism, translated by Abdolrahim Gawahi, published by the Islamic Culture Publishing House. For access: https://tinyurl.com/2eh633ye
  • Said, E. (2003). Culture and Imperialism: A Cultural Study of Imperial Politics. Translated by Afsar Akbari. International Center for Dialogue of Civilizations .
  • Sayyid, B. (1997). A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism. Zed Books.
  • Schaar, S. (2000). Orientalism at The Service of Imperialism at Macfie. A. L (ed). Orientalism A Reader, Newyork University Press.
  • Shahin, E. E. (1998). Political Ascent: Contemporary Islamic Movments in North Africa. Westview Press.
  • Wilkins, K. G. (2009). Home /Land/ Security: What We Learn about Arab Communities from Action-Adventure Films. Lexington Books.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyasi Düşünce Tarihi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mohammad Qasem Noori 0009-0002-5616-4082

Mohammad Ekram Yawar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Noori, M. Q., & Yawar, M. E. (2025). A Historical Study of the Importance of Orientalism and the Role of Contemporary Islamic Movements. Akademik Tarih Ve Düşünce Dergisi, 11(6), 4610-4627.

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