Research Article
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Detection of Five Parasites in Renal Transplantation Patients by Molecular Methods / Renal Transplantasyon Hastalarında Beş Parazitin Moleküler Yöntemler ile Tespiti

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 17 - 23, 31.01.2019

Abstract

Objective: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the prominent public health concerns in
patients with suppressed immune function.
Material and methods: Here we examined stool specimens by microscopy and polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the infection of five principal protozoans (
Cryptosporidium
spp., Giardia spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Blastocystis spp. and Dientamoeba spp.) among 90
renal transplant recipient patients (RTP) in comparison with 90 healthy individuals (HI) from
Turkey.
Results: The overall frequency of any parasites was 17.2% (31/180) with microscopy and
51.7% (93/180) with PCR. Because of its high sensitivity, PCR was compared with microscopy
in terms of the accuracy of detecting intestinal parasites, and the agreement was found to be
inadequate (κ= 0.217; p<0.001). Multiparasitism (90.9%),
Cryptosporidium spp. (84.6%) and
Giardia spp. (74.1%) were the most frequent agents in RTP, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusions: This is the first study performed in Turkish reporting the prevalence of five
intestinal parasites with PCR techniques among this group and seeks to provide a basis for
future studies
  

References

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  • 2. Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25:420–49.
  • 3. Marcos LA, Gotuzzo E. Intestinal protozoan infections in the immunocompromised host. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013;26:295–301.
  • 4. Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV. Comparison of microscopy and PCR for detection of intestinal parasites in Danish patients supports an incentive for molecular screening platforms. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50:540-1.
  • 5. Akgül Ö, Kart Yaşar K, Sapmaz B, Kırkoyun Uysal H, Yıldırmak T, Şimşek F, et al. Detection of intestinal parasites with conventional and molecular methods in follow-up HIV/AIDS cases. Mikrobiyol Bul 2018;52:273-83.
  • 6. IBM Corp. Released 2010 IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp 2010.
  • 7. Uysal S, Tunalı V, Akdur Öztürk E, Ardeniz Ö, Işıkgöz Taşbakan M, Pullukçu H, et al. Incidence of Parasitic Diarrhea in Patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2016;40:67-71.
  • 8. Rasti S, Hassanzadeh M, Hooshyar H, Momen-Heravi M, Mousavi SGA, Abdoli A. Intestinal parasitic infections in different groups of immunocompromised patients in Kashan and Qom cities, central Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2017;52:738-41.
  • 9. Al-Qobati SA, Al-Maktari MT, Al-Zoa AM, Derhim M. Intestinal parasitosis among Yemeni patients with cancer, Sana’a, Yemen. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2012;42:727-34.
  • 10. Ekberg H, Kyllonen L, Madsen S, Grave G, Solbu D, Holdaas H. Clinicians underestimate gastrointestinal symptoms and overestimate quality of life in renal transplant recipients: a multinational survey of nephrologists. Transplantation 2007;84:1052.
  • 11. Bunnapradist S, Neri L, Wong W, Lentine KL, Burroughs TE, Pinsky BW, et al. Incidence and risk factors for diarrhea following kidney transplantation and association with graft loss and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:478.
  • 12. Johnston BC, Shamseer L, da Costa BR, Tsuyuki RT, Vohra S. Measurement issues in trials of pediatric acute diarrheal diseases: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2010;126:222–31.
  • 13. Coste JF, Vuiblet V, Moustapha B, Bouin A, Lavaud S, Toupance O, et al. Microbiological diagnosis of severe diarrhea in kidney transplant recipients by use of multiplex PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 2013;51:1841.
  • 14. Bamias G, Boletis J, Argyropoulos T, Skalioti C, Siakavellas SI, Delladetsima I, et al. Early ileocolonoscopy with biopsy for the evaluation of persistent post-transplantation diarrhea. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:3834.
  • 15. Arslan H, Inci EK, Azap OK, Karakayali H, Torgay A, Haberal M. Etiologic agents of diarrhea in solid organ recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2007;9:270.
  • 16. Bandin F, Kwon T, Linas MD, Guigonis V, Valentin A, Cassaing S, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in paediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:2245.
  • 17. Raja K, Abbas Z, Hasan SM, Luck NH, Aziz T, Mubarak M. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in renal transplant recipients presenting with acute diarrhea at a single center in Pakistan. J Nephrol 2014;3:127–31.
  • 18. Udgiri N, Minz M, Kashyap R, Heer M, Gupta CS, Mohandas K, et al. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis in living related renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2004;36:2128–9.
  • 19. Hunter PR, Nichols G. Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:145–54.
  • 20. Valar C, Keitel E, Dal Prá RL, Gnatta D, Santos AF, Bianco PD, et al. Parasitic infection in renal transplant recipients.Transplant Proc 2007;39:460–2.
  • 21. Ryan U, Paparini A, Oskam C. New technologies for detection of enteric parasites. Trends Parasitol 2017;33:532–46.
  • 22. McHardy IH, Wu M, Shimizu-Cohen R, Couturier MR, Humpheries RM. Detection of intestinal protozoa in the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2014;52:712–20.
  • 23. Goka AK, Rolston DD, Mathan VI, Farthing MJ. The relative merits of faecal and duodenal juice microscopy in the diagnosis of giardiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990;84:66–7.
  • 24. Oberhuber G, Mesteri I, Kopf W, Müller H. Demonstration of trophozoites of G. lamblia in ileal mucosal biopsy specimens may reveal giardiasis in patients with significantly inflamed parasite-free duodenal mucosa. Am J Surg Pathol 2016;40:1280– 5.
  • 25. Laude A, Valot S, Desoubeaux G, Argy N, Nourrisson C, Pomares C, et al. Is real-time PCRbased diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/ Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? Evaluation of a new commercial multiplex PCR assay and literature review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016;22:190.e1-190. e8.
  • 26. Elsafi SH, Al-Maqati TN, Hussein MI, Adam AA, Hassan MM, Al Zahrani EM. Comparison of microscopy, rapid immunoassay, and molecular techniques for the detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasitol Res 2013;112:1641–6.
Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 17 - 23, 31.01.2019

Abstract

References

  • 1. Alum A, Rubino JR, Ijaz MK. The global war against intestinal parasites – should we use a holistic approach? Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:732–8
  • 2. Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25:420–49.
  • 3. Marcos LA, Gotuzzo E. Intestinal protozoan infections in the immunocompromised host. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013;26:295–301.
  • 4. Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV. Comparison of microscopy and PCR for detection of intestinal parasites in Danish patients supports an incentive for molecular screening platforms. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50:540-1.
  • 5. Akgül Ö, Kart Yaşar K, Sapmaz B, Kırkoyun Uysal H, Yıldırmak T, Şimşek F, et al. Detection of intestinal parasites with conventional and molecular methods in follow-up HIV/AIDS cases. Mikrobiyol Bul 2018;52:273-83.
  • 6. IBM Corp. Released 2010 IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp 2010.
  • 7. Uysal S, Tunalı V, Akdur Öztürk E, Ardeniz Ö, Işıkgöz Taşbakan M, Pullukçu H, et al. Incidence of Parasitic Diarrhea in Patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2016;40:67-71.
  • 8. Rasti S, Hassanzadeh M, Hooshyar H, Momen-Heravi M, Mousavi SGA, Abdoli A. Intestinal parasitic infections in different groups of immunocompromised patients in Kashan and Qom cities, central Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2017;52:738-41.
  • 9. Al-Qobati SA, Al-Maktari MT, Al-Zoa AM, Derhim M. Intestinal parasitosis among Yemeni patients with cancer, Sana’a, Yemen. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2012;42:727-34.
  • 10. Ekberg H, Kyllonen L, Madsen S, Grave G, Solbu D, Holdaas H. Clinicians underestimate gastrointestinal symptoms and overestimate quality of life in renal transplant recipients: a multinational survey of nephrologists. Transplantation 2007;84:1052.
  • 11. Bunnapradist S, Neri L, Wong W, Lentine KL, Burroughs TE, Pinsky BW, et al. Incidence and risk factors for diarrhea following kidney transplantation and association with graft loss and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:478.
  • 12. Johnston BC, Shamseer L, da Costa BR, Tsuyuki RT, Vohra S. Measurement issues in trials of pediatric acute diarrheal diseases: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2010;126:222–31.
  • 13. Coste JF, Vuiblet V, Moustapha B, Bouin A, Lavaud S, Toupance O, et al. Microbiological diagnosis of severe diarrhea in kidney transplant recipients by use of multiplex PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 2013;51:1841.
  • 14. Bamias G, Boletis J, Argyropoulos T, Skalioti C, Siakavellas SI, Delladetsima I, et al. Early ileocolonoscopy with biopsy for the evaluation of persistent post-transplantation diarrhea. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:3834.
  • 15. Arslan H, Inci EK, Azap OK, Karakayali H, Torgay A, Haberal M. Etiologic agents of diarrhea in solid organ recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2007;9:270.
  • 16. Bandin F, Kwon T, Linas MD, Guigonis V, Valentin A, Cassaing S, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in paediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:2245.
  • 17. Raja K, Abbas Z, Hasan SM, Luck NH, Aziz T, Mubarak M. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in renal transplant recipients presenting with acute diarrhea at a single center in Pakistan. J Nephrol 2014;3:127–31.
  • 18. Udgiri N, Minz M, Kashyap R, Heer M, Gupta CS, Mohandas K, et al. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis in living related renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2004;36:2128–9.
  • 19. Hunter PR, Nichols G. Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:145–54.
  • 20. Valar C, Keitel E, Dal Prá RL, Gnatta D, Santos AF, Bianco PD, et al. Parasitic infection in renal transplant recipients.Transplant Proc 2007;39:460–2.
  • 21. Ryan U, Paparini A, Oskam C. New technologies for detection of enteric parasites. Trends Parasitol 2017;33:532–46.
  • 22. McHardy IH, Wu M, Shimizu-Cohen R, Couturier MR, Humpheries RM. Detection of intestinal protozoa in the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2014;52:712–20.
  • 23. Goka AK, Rolston DD, Mathan VI, Farthing MJ. The relative merits of faecal and duodenal juice microscopy in the diagnosis of giardiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990;84:66–7.
  • 24. Oberhuber G, Mesteri I, Kopf W, Müller H. Demonstration of trophozoites of G. lamblia in ileal mucosal biopsy specimens may reveal giardiasis in patients with significantly inflamed parasite-free duodenal mucosa. Am J Surg Pathol 2016;40:1280– 5.
  • 25. Laude A, Valot S, Desoubeaux G, Argy N, Nourrisson C, Pomares C, et al. Is real-time PCRbased diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/ Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? Evaluation of a new commercial multiplex PCR assay and literature review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016;22:190.e1-190. e8.
  • 26. Elsafi SH, Al-Maqati TN, Hussein MI, Adam AA, Hassan MM, Al Zahrani EM. Comparison of microscopy, rapid immunoassay, and molecular techniques for the detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasitol Res 2013;112:1641–6.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Özer Akgül This is me

Hayriye Kırkoyun Uysal This is me

İlker Tosun This is me

Burcu Sapmaz This is me

Reyhan Çalışkan This is me

A. Canan Yazıcı Güvercin This is me

Sinem Öktem This is me

Özgür Kurt This is me

Y. Ali Öner This is me

Publication Date January 31, 2019
Acceptance Date December 25, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akgül, Ö., Kırkoyun Uysal, H., Tosun, İ., Sapmaz, B., et al. (2019). Detection of Five Parasites in Renal Transplantation Patients by Molecular Methods / Renal Transplantasyon Hastalarında Beş Parazitin Moleküler Yöntemler ile Tespiti. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri Dergisi, 2(1), 17-23.


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