Otel Yöneticileri ve Misafirleri Perspektifinden Dijitalleşme
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 307 - 324, 29.07.2022
Muhammed Baykal
,
Ahu Yazıcı Ayyıldız
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, otel işletmelerindeki akıllı teknolojilere ve robotlara ilişkin otel yöneticilerinin ve otel misafirlerinin bakış açısının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi tekniklerinden görüşme yoluyla veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada kolayda örneklem yöntemi kullanılmış ve Kuşadası’nda faaliyet gösteren 5 yıldızlı 10 otel işletmesindeki 15 Aralık 2021- 5 Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında konaklayan 20 otel misafiri ve çalışan 30 otel yöneticisi dâhil edilmiştir. Bulgular, otel yöneticilerinin her ne kadar akıllı teknolojilerin ve robotların otellerde kullanımının birçok avantaj sağlayacağını düşünse de robot iş arkadaşları ile çalışmak istemediğini göstermektedir. Otel misafirleri robotlar konusunda hem olumlu hem de olumsuz duygulara sahip olsa da farklı deneyim yaşamak için robotların hizmet verdiği bir otelde konaklamaya olumlu bakmaktadırlar. Ayrıca otel misafirleri akıllı teknoloji kullanımının misafir memnuniyetini ve hizmet kalitesini olumlu yönde etkileyeceğine inanmaktadırlar.
References
- Atay, L., Yalçınkaya, P., & Bahar, F. (2019). İstanbul'daki Akıllı Otel Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 667-678.
- Aydın İl Kültür Turizm Müdürlüğü (2021). Turizm tesisleri. Erişim Adresi (15.12.2021): https://aydin.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/88856,bakanlik-isletme-belgeli-tesisler---site-2021-10pdf.pdf?0
- Bahar, M., Yüzbaşıoğlu, N. & Topsakal, Y. (2019). Akıllı turizm ve süper akıllı turist kavramları ışığında geleceğin turizm rehberliğine bakış. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 14, 72-93.
- Bartneck, C., Suzuki, T., Kanda, T., & Nomura, T. (2007). The influence of people’s culture and prior experiences with Aibo on their attitude towards robots. Ai & Society, 21(1-2), 217-230.
- Bertan, S., Bayram, M., Ozturk, A.B. & Benzergil, N. (2016). Factors influencing hotel managers’ perceptions regarding the use of mobile apps to gain a competitive advantage. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 5(1), 59–74.
- Choi, Y., Choi, M., Oh, M., & Kim, S. (2020). Service robots in hotels: understanding the service quality perceptions of human robot interaction. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(6), 613-635.
- Collins, G. R., & Cobanoglu, C. (2008). Hospitality information technology: Learning how to use it (6th ed.). Kendall/Hunt.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Çolak, O. &, Karakan, H. İ. (2021). Akıllı otel uygulamaları ve bu uygulamalar hakkında yönetici görüşleri: Gaziantep ili örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42, 168-184.
- Çolakoğlu, Ü., Bilgiç, Y. E. & Baykal, M. (2021). Konaklama işletmeleri yöneticilerinin endüstri 4.0’a bakış açıları. Karabulut, Ş. (Ed.), Turizm İşletmeciliği, Pazarlaması ve Ekonomisi içinde (s.93-111). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Domanski, M. (2020). The concept of a smart hotel and its impact on guests’ satisfaction, privacy and the perception of the service quality. (Master’s dissertation). Södertörn University, Stocholm.
- Doyle, P. (2008). Value-based marketing. Marketing strategies for corporate growth and shareholder value (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Ercan, F. (2019). Smart tourism technologies: Applications in hotel business. V. Krystev, R. Efe, & E. Atasoy (Eds.), in Theory and Practice in Social Sciences (p. 528-546). Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press.
- GEKA (2015). Kuşadası turizminin yeniden pazarlama stratejisi projesi: Tanıtım planı. Erişim Adresi (15.01.2022): https://geka.gov.tr/uploads/pages_v/kusadasi-tanitim-plani-2014.pdf
- Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalisticInquiries. Educational Communication and Technology. 29(2). 75-91.
- Huang, Y.-C., Chang, L.L., Yu, C.-P., & Chen, J. (2019). Examining an extended technology acceptance model with experience construct on hotel consumers’ adoption of mobile applications. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28, 957–980.
- Ivanov, S., Seyitoğlu, F., & Markova, M. (2020). Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: a mixed-methods approach. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(4), 505-535.
- Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Garenko, A. (2018a). Young Russian adults’ attitudes towards the potential use of robots in hotels. Technology in Society, 55, 24–32.
- Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Seyyedi, P. (2018b). Consumers' attitudes towards the introduction of robots in accommodation establishments. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 66(3), 302-317.
- Jung, S., Kim, J. & Farrish, J. (2014). In-room technology trends and their implications for enhancing guest experiences and revenue. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 5(3), 210-228.
- Kabadayi, S., Ali, F., Choi, H., Joosten, H., & Lu, C. (2019). Smart service experience in hospitality and tourism services: A conceptualization and future research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 30, 326–348.
- Karamustafa, K., & Mustafa, Y. (2019). Konaklama işletmeleri yöneticilerinin akıllı turizm teknolojilerinin olası faydalarına yönelik algılarının değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 7(3), 1669-1688.
- Kassarjian, H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 4(1), 8-18.
Kim, J. J., & Han, H. (2020). Hotel of the future: exploring the attributes of a smart hotel adopting mixed-methods approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(7), 804-822.
- Kim, J. J., Lee, M. J., & Han, H. (2020). Smart hotels and sustainable consumer behavior: Testing the effect of perceived performance, attitude, and technology readiness on word-of-mouth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7455, 1-18.
- Kim, J. J., Montes, A. A., & Han, H. (2021). The role of expected benefits towards smart hotels in shaping customer behavior: comparison by age and gender. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1698.
- Kim, S. S., Kim, J., Badu-Baiden, F., Giroux, M., & Choi, Y. (2021). Preference for robot service or human service in hotels? Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102795, 1-12.
- Lai, W.-C., & Hung, W.-H. (2017). Constructing the Smart Hotel Architecture: A case study in Taiwan. Proceedings of The 17th International Conference on Electronic Business, 4-8 December, Dubai.
- Lee, M., & Baker, M. A. (2017). Technology, customer satisfaction and service excellence. Koc, E. (Ed.). in Service Failures and Recovery in Tourism and Hospitality: A Practical Manual (pp.83-99). CABI: Oxfordshire.
- Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Kim, D. Y. (2021). Exploring hotel guests' perceptions of using robot assistants. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100781, 1-12.
- Leung, R. (2019). Smart hospitality: Taiwan hotel stakeholder perspectives. Tourism Review, 74(1), 50-62.
- Li, K., Sun, S., Zhao, X., Wu, J., & Tan, M. (2019a). Inferring user intent to interact with a public service robot using bimodal information analysis. Advanced Robotics, 33(7-8), 369-387.
- Li J., Bonn M.A., & Ye, H. (2019b). Hotel employee's artificial intelligence and robotics awareness and its impact on turnover intention: The moderating roles of perceived organizational support and competitive psychological climate, Tourism Management, 73, 172-181.
- Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, EG. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Lu, V. N., Wirtz, J., Kunz, W. H., Paluch, S., Gruber, T., Martins, A., & Patterson, P. G. (2020). Service robots, customers and service employees: what can we learn from the academic literature and where are the gaps?. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 30(3), 361-391.
- Makki, A.M., Singh, D. & Ozturk, A.B. (2016). HotelTonight usage and hotel profitability. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(3), 313–327.
- Nakanishi, J., Kuramoto, I., Baba, J., Ogawa, K., Yoshikawa, Y., & Ishiguro, H. (2020). Continuous hospitality with social robots at a hotel. SN Applied Sciences, 2(3), 1-13.
- Şimşek, E., & Cinnioğlu, H. (2020). Akıllı turi̇zm desti̇nasyonlarındaki̇ otelleri̇n karekod kullanımı: İstanbul Smart Beyoğlu üzeri̇ne bi̇r araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(3), 675-690.
- Topsakal, Y., Yüzbaşıoğlu, N., & Bahar, M. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 çağında ‘akıllı’ olma yolunda oteller için öneriler. 2. Uluslararası Turizmin Geleceği Kongresi: İnovasyon, Girişimcilik ve Sürdürebilirlik Kongresi, 27-29 Eylül, Mersin.
- Vatan, A., and Dogan, S. (2021), “What do hotel employees think about service robots? A qualitative study in Turkey”, Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100775, 1-10.
- Wu, H. C., & Cheng, C. C. (2018). Relationships between technology attachment, experiential relationship quality, experiential risk and experiential sharing intentions in a smart hotel. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 42-58.
- Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A. (2020), COVİD-19 Salgın Döneminde Otellerin Pazarlama Stratejileri: Kuşadası Örneği, BMIJ, (2020), 8(3): 3328-3358.
- Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A. & Ayyıldız, T. (2020), Pazarlama Fırsatı Olarak Akıllı Turizm: Kuşadası Örneği, BMIJ, (2020), 8(1): 599-623.
- Yıldırım, A. (1999). Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin temel özellikleri ve eğitim araştırmalarındaki yeri ve önemi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 23(112), 7-17.
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2006), Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yılmaz M. (2019). Konaklama işletmelerinde akıllı turizm teknolojileri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri.
- Yolal, M. (2016). Turizm araştırmalarında örnekleme, bibliyometrik bir araştırma, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Digitization from the perspective of hotel managers and guests
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 307 - 324, 29.07.2022
Muhammed Baykal
,
Ahu Yazıcı Ayyıldız
Abstract
This study explores the way and which hotel guests' and hotel managers' view smart technologies and robots at hotels. The data were collected through qualitative methodology, by having interviews with the participants In the research, convenience sampling method was used and 20 hotel guests staying and 30 hotel managers working between 15 December 2021 and 5 January 2022 in 10 5-star hotels operating in Kuşadası were included. The findings of the study show that managers do not wish to work with robot colleagues, though they are of the opinion that using robots at hotels may have several advantages. On the other hand, while the hotel guests' approach towards robots at hotels varies, as there are people who view it positively and negatively, overall they appear to be positive towards staying at a hotel being served by service robots as they feel that it would be a different experience. Additionally, hotel guests believe that the use of smart technologies at hotels would improve guest satisfaction and service quality.
References
- Atay, L., Yalçınkaya, P., & Bahar, F. (2019). İstanbul'daki Akıllı Otel Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 667-678.
- Aydın İl Kültür Turizm Müdürlüğü (2021). Turizm tesisleri. Erişim Adresi (15.12.2021): https://aydin.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/88856,bakanlik-isletme-belgeli-tesisler---site-2021-10pdf.pdf?0
- Bahar, M., Yüzbaşıoğlu, N. & Topsakal, Y. (2019). Akıllı turizm ve süper akıllı turist kavramları ışığında geleceğin turizm rehberliğine bakış. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 14, 72-93.
- Bartneck, C., Suzuki, T., Kanda, T., & Nomura, T. (2007). The influence of people’s culture and prior experiences with Aibo on their attitude towards robots. Ai & Society, 21(1-2), 217-230.
- Bertan, S., Bayram, M., Ozturk, A.B. & Benzergil, N. (2016). Factors influencing hotel managers’ perceptions regarding the use of mobile apps to gain a competitive advantage. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 5(1), 59–74.
- Choi, Y., Choi, M., Oh, M., & Kim, S. (2020). Service robots in hotels: understanding the service quality perceptions of human robot interaction. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(6), 613-635.
- Collins, G. R., & Cobanoglu, C. (2008). Hospitality information technology: Learning how to use it (6th ed.). Kendall/Hunt.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Çolak, O. &, Karakan, H. İ. (2021). Akıllı otel uygulamaları ve bu uygulamalar hakkında yönetici görüşleri: Gaziantep ili örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42, 168-184.
- Çolakoğlu, Ü., Bilgiç, Y. E. & Baykal, M. (2021). Konaklama işletmeleri yöneticilerinin endüstri 4.0’a bakış açıları. Karabulut, Ş. (Ed.), Turizm İşletmeciliği, Pazarlaması ve Ekonomisi içinde (s.93-111). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
- Domanski, M. (2020). The concept of a smart hotel and its impact on guests’ satisfaction, privacy and the perception of the service quality. (Master’s dissertation). Södertörn University, Stocholm.
- Doyle, P. (2008). Value-based marketing. Marketing strategies for corporate growth and shareholder value (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Ercan, F. (2019). Smart tourism technologies: Applications in hotel business. V. Krystev, R. Efe, & E. Atasoy (Eds.), in Theory and Practice in Social Sciences (p. 528-546). Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press.
- GEKA (2015). Kuşadası turizminin yeniden pazarlama stratejisi projesi: Tanıtım planı. Erişim Adresi (15.01.2022): https://geka.gov.tr/uploads/pages_v/kusadasi-tanitim-plani-2014.pdf
- Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalisticInquiries. Educational Communication and Technology. 29(2). 75-91.
- Huang, Y.-C., Chang, L.L., Yu, C.-P., & Chen, J. (2019). Examining an extended technology acceptance model with experience construct on hotel consumers’ adoption of mobile applications. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28, 957–980.
- Ivanov, S., Seyitoğlu, F., & Markova, M. (2020). Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: a mixed-methods approach. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(4), 505-535.
- Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Garenko, A. (2018a). Young Russian adults’ attitudes towards the potential use of robots in hotels. Technology in Society, 55, 24–32.
- Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Seyyedi, P. (2018b). Consumers' attitudes towards the introduction of robots in accommodation establishments. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 66(3), 302-317.
- Jung, S., Kim, J. & Farrish, J. (2014). In-room technology trends and their implications for enhancing guest experiences and revenue. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 5(3), 210-228.
- Kabadayi, S., Ali, F., Choi, H., Joosten, H., & Lu, C. (2019). Smart service experience in hospitality and tourism services: A conceptualization and future research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 30, 326–348.
- Karamustafa, K., & Mustafa, Y. (2019). Konaklama işletmeleri yöneticilerinin akıllı turizm teknolojilerinin olası faydalarına yönelik algılarının değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 7(3), 1669-1688.
- Kassarjian, H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 4(1), 8-18.
Kim, J. J., & Han, H. (2020). Hotel of the future: exploring the attributes of a smart hotel adopting mixed-methods approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(7), 804-822.
- Kim, J. J., Lee, M. J., & Han, H. (2020). Smart hotels and sustainable consumer behavior: Testing the effect of perceived performance, attitude, and technology readiness on word-of-mouth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7455, 1-18.
- Kim, J. J., Montes, A. A., & Han, H. (2021). The role of expected benefits towards smart hotels in shaping customer behavior: comparison by age and gender. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1698.
- Kim, S. S., Kim, J., Badu-Baiden, F., Giroux, M., & Choi, Y. (2021). Preference for robot service or human service in hotels? Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102795, 1-12.
- Lai, W.-C., & Hung, W.-H. (2017). Constructing the Smart Hotel Architecture: A case study in Taiwan. Proceedings of The 17th International Conference on Electronic Business, 4-8 December, Dubai.
- Lee, M., & Baker, M. A. (2017). Technology, customer satisfaction and service excellence. Koc, E. (Ed.). in Service Failures and Recovery in Tourism and Hospitality: A Practical Manual (pp.83-99). CABI: Oxfordshire.
- Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Kim, D. Y. (2021). Exploring hotel guests' perceptions of using robot assistants. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100781, 1-12.
- Leung, R. (2019). Smart hospitality: Taiwan hotel stakeholder perspectives. Tourism Review, 74(1), 50-62.
- Li, K., Sun, S., Zhao, X., Wu, J., & Tan, M. (2019a). Inferring user intent to interact with a public service robot using bimodal information analysis. Advanced Robotics, 33(7-8), 369-387.
- Li J., Bonn M.A., & Ye, H. (2019b). Hotel employee's artificial intelligence and robotics awareness and its impact on turnover intention: The moderating roles of perceived organizational support and competitive psychological climate, Tourism Management, 73, 172-181.
- Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, EG. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Lu, V. N., Wirtz, J., Kunz, W. H., Paluch, S., Gruber, T., Martins, A., & Patterson, P. G. (2020). Service robots, customers and service employees: what can we learn from the academic literature and where are the gaps?. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 30(3), 361-391.
- Makki, A.M., Singh, D. & Ozturk, A.B. (2016). HotelTonight usage and hotel profitability. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(3), 313–327.
- Nakanishi, J., Kuramoto, I., Baba, J., Ogawa, K., Yoshikawa, Y., & Ishiguro, H. (2020). Continuous hospitality with social robots at a hotel. SN Applied Sciences, 2(3), 1-13.
- Şimşek, E., & Cinnioğlu, H. (2020). Akıllı turi̇zm desti̇nasyonlarındaki̇ otelleri̇n karekod kullanımı: İstanbul Smart Beyoğlu üzeri̇ne bi̇r araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(3), 675-690.
- Topsakal, Y., Yüzbaşıoğlu, N., & Bahar, M. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 çağında ‘akıllı’ olma yolunda oteller için öneriler. 2. Uluslararası Turizmin Geleceği Kongresi: İnovasyon, Girişimcilik ve Sürdürebilirlik Kongresi, 27-29 Eylül, Mersin.
- Vatan, A., and Dogan, S. (2021), “What do hotel employees think about service robots? A qualitative study in Turkey”, Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100775, 1-10.
- Wu, H. C., & Cheng, C. C. (2018). Relationships between technology attachment, experiential relationship quality, experiential risk and experiential sharing intentions in a smart hotel. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 42-58.
- Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A. (2020), COVİD-19 Salgın Döneminde Otellerin Pazarlama Stratejileri: Kuşadası Örneği, BMIJ, (2020), 8(3): 3328-3358.
- Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A. & Ayyıldız, T. (2020), Pazarlama Fırsatı Olarak Akıllı Turizm: Kuşadası Örneği, BMIJ, (2020), 8(1): 599-623.
- Yıldırım, A. (1999). Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin temel özellikleri ve eğitim araştırmalarındaki yeri ve önemi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 23(112), 7-17.
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2006), Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yılmaz M. (2019). Konaklama işletmelerinde akıllı turizm teknolojileri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri.
- Yolal, M. (2016). Turizm araştırmalarında örnekleme, bibliyometrik bir araştırma, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.