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Liminoid Experiences of Foreign Backpackers in Istanbul

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 326 - 342, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1269214

Abstract

This research aims to examine the liminoid experiences of foreign backpackers in Istanbul. The research focuses on the liminal phase of travel referring to the experiential phase. The qualitative research method was employed based on “the conceptual model of the liminoid space”. Research findings show the liminoid model consisting of play, experimental involvement, and atmosphere is a significant approach for understanding the participants’ experiences. Notably, the concept of “play” aligns with the “escape” phenomenon in tourism research. Instead, travel experiences are temporary suspensions from the daily routines of the travelers. This suspension is enriched by the tourist attractions and activities, ultimately transforming into a liminoid experience. Therefore, the atmosphere encourages experiential involvement, contributing to the transformation of the travel experience into a liminoid one. Istanbul provides backpackers with a temporary transformative process and transcending social boundaries and backpackers’ experiences in Istanbul may evolve into liminoid experiences. However, backpackers' experiences may differ depending on their personal and cultural backgrounds. Therefore, destinations need to create an atmosphere tailored to the characteristics and demands of tourist groups.

References

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  • Babbie, E. (2004). The Practice of Social Research. California: Thomson/Wadsworth Publishing.
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  • Boswijk, A., Peelen, E., & Thijssen, T. (2005). The experience economy: A new perspective. Amsterdam: Pearson Education.
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  • Jaworski, A., & Pritchard, A. (2005). Discourse, communication and tourism. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
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  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2018). Backpacker mobilities: inadvertent sustainability amidst the fluctuating pace of travel. Mobilities, 13(4), 569-583.
  • Kılıç, G. D. & Özdemir, B. (2022). Impact of neophobia and liminoid tendencies on tourists’ food consumption behaviors in all-inclusive hotels: A study in Antalya. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 1-21.
  • Kontogeorgopoulos, N. (2003). Keeping Up with the Joneses Tourists, Travellers, and the Quest for Cultural Authenticity in Southern Thailand. Tourist Studies, 3(2), 171-203.
  • Kozinets, R. V., Sherry Jr., J. F., Storm, D., Duhachek, A., Nuttavuthisit, K., & DeBerry-Spence, B. (2004). Ludic agency and retail spectacle. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(3), 658-672.
  • Krippendorf, K. (2004). Content analysis an introduction to its methodology. London: Sage.
  • Lett Jr, J. W. (1983). Ludic and liminoid aspects of charter yacht tourism in the Caribbean. Annals of Tourism Research, 10(1), 35-56.
  • Light, D. (2009). Performing Transylvania: Tourism, fantasy and play in a liminal place. Tourist Studies, 9(3), 240-258.
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Yabancı Sırtçantalı Gezginlerin İstanbul’daki Liminoid Deneyimleri

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 326 - 342, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1269214

Abstract

Bu araştırma, yabancı sırtçantalı gezginlerin İstanbul’daki liminoid deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, seyahatin deneyimsel aşaması olan liminal evreye odaklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve “liminoid mekânın kavramsal modeli” temel alınmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre oyun, deneyimsel katılım ve atmosferden oluşan liminoid model, katılımcıların deneyimlerini anlamak için önemli bir araç olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle, “oyunun”, turizm araştırmalarındaki “kaçış” olgusuyla örtüştüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Seyahat sırasındaki deneyimler ise gezginlerin günlük yaşamlarına bir ara verme şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Bu ara verme süreci, şehrin turistik cazibeleri ve etkinlikleri ile zenginleşerek, liminoid deneyime dönüşmüştür. Bu noktada, İstanbul’un yarattığı atmosfer, deneyimsel katılımı teşvik ederek, seyahat deneyiminin bir liminoid deneyime dönüşmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Böylelikle İstanbul, sırtçantalı gezginlere geçici bir dönüşüm süreci ve toplumsal sınırları aşma deneyimi sunmuştur. Dolayısıyla, sırtçantalıların İstanbul seyahatleri sırasında yaşadığı deneyimlerin, liminoid deneyime evrilebileceği ve seyahat deneyimlerinin zenginleşebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak sırtçantalıların deneyimleri, kişisel ve kültürel geçmişlerine bağlı olarak farklılaşabilir. Bu nedenle destinasyonların, turist gruplarının özelliklerine ve taleplerine yönelik bir atmosfer yaratmaları önem arz etmektedir.

References

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  • Akkuş, G., & Akkuş, Ç. (2019). Türk sırt çantalı gezginlerin seyahat tarzlarına göre günlük sürdürülebilir uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 306-321.
  • Aktaş Polat, S. (2015). Turistlerin tatil dönemlerinde sergiledikleri liminoid davranışlar. Sosyoekonomi, 23(26), 99-118.
  • Anterby-Yemini, L., Bazini, K., Gerstein, I., & Kling, G. (2005). Traveling cultures: Israeli backpackers, deterriotorialization, and reconstruction of home. C. Noy and E. Cohen (Eds.) Israeli Backpackers and Their Society: A View from Afar içinde (ss. 89-108). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Ateljevic, I., & Doorne, S. (2004). Theoretical Encounters: A Review of Backpacker Literature. G. Richards and J. Wilson (Eds.) The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice içinde (ss. 60-76). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Babbie, E. (2004). The Practice of Social Research. California: Thomson/Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Baker, J., Parasuraman, A., Grewal, D., & Voss, G. (2002). The influence of multiple store environment cues on perceived merchandise value and patronage intentions. Journal of Marketing, 66(2), 120-141.
  • Baltacı, M., & Çakıcı, A. C. (2022). Liminoid Behaviour in Tourism. D. Buhalis (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing içinde (57-60). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Binder, J. (2004). The Whole Point of Backpacking: Anthropological Perspectives on the Characteristics of Backpacking. G. Richards and J. Wilson (Eds.) The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice içinde (ss. 92-108). Clevedon: Channelview Publications.
  • Bingöl, S., & Aydın, S. (2022). Seeking for utopia or utopian travel. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 4(2), 133-140.
  • Boswijk, A., Peelen, E., & Thijssen, T. (2005). The experience economy: A new perspective. Amsterdam: Pearson Education.
  • Brady, M. K., & Cronin Jr., J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Marketing, 65(3), 34-49.
  • Brugulat, M., & Coromina, L. (2021). Constraints of solo female backpackers in Southeast Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(6), 640-653.
  • Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done?. Qualitative Research, 6(1), 97-113.
  • Bui, H. T., Wilkins, H., & Lee, Y. S. (2014). Liminal experience of East Asian backpackers. Tourist Studies, 14(2), 126-143.
  • Cai, W., Cohen, S. A., & Tribe, J. (2019). Harmony rules in Chinese backpacker groups. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 120-130.
  • Cauldwell, J., & Rinehart, R. E. (2014). Liminoidal spaces and the moving body: Emotional turns. Emotion, Space and Society, 12, 1-3.
  • Celsi, R., Rose, R., & Leigh, T. (1993). An exploration of high-risk leisure consumption through skydiving. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 1-23.
  • Chalip, L. (2006). Towards social leverage of sport events. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 11(2), 109-127.
  • Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 16-82.
  • Cohen, E. (1973). Nomads from affluence: Notes on the phenomenon of Drifter-tourism. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 14, 89-103.
  • Cohen, E. (2004). Backpacking: Diversity and change. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(2), 43-59.
  • Collinson, E., & Baxter, I. (2022). Liminality and contemporary engagement: Knockando Wool Mill–a cultural heritage case study. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(1), 107-123.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
  • Dayour, F., Park, S., & Kimbu, A. N. (2019). Backpackers’ perceived risks towards smartphone usage and risk reduction strategies: A mixed methods study. Tourism Management, 72, 52-68.
  • Elsrud, T. (2001). Risk Creation in Traveling: Backpacker Adventure Narration. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 597-617.
  • Farrelly, F. (2022). Exploring the cultural legitimacy of backpacker ideology and identity. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(1), 82-92.
  • Fillis, I., & Mackay, C. (2014). Moving beyond fan typologies: The impact of social integration on team loyalty in football. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(3-4), 334-363.
  • Fusch, P. I., & Ness L. R. (2015). Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 20(9), 1408-1416.
  • Getz, D., & Page, S. J. (2016). Progress and prospects for event tourism research. Tourism Management, 52, 593-631.
  • Graburn, N. (1977). Tourism: The Sacred Journey. V. Smith (Ed.) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism içinde (ss. 17-32). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Graburn, N. (1989). Tourism: The Sacred Journey. V. Smith (Ed.) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism içinde (ss. 21-36). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Graburn, N. (2001). Secular Ritual: A General Theory of Tourism. V. Smith and M. Brent (Eds.) Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century içinde (ss. 42-50). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
  • Hannam K., & A. Diekmann (eds) (2010). Beyond Backpacker Tourism: Mobilities and Experiences, vol. 21. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Horn By, M. (2010). Legere limini: Wanderers vs. pilgrims in the liminal. The Dulia et Latria Journal, 3, 77-116.
  • Huang, A., & Xiao, H. (2000). Leisure-based tourist behavior: A case study of Changchun. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(3), 210-214.
  • Jaworski, A., & Pritchard, A. (2005). Discourse, communication and tourism. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • Jayne, M., Gibson, C., Waitt, G., & Valentine, G. (2012). Drunken mobilities: Backpackers, alcohol, doing place. Tourist Studies, 12(3), 211-231.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2018). Backpacker mobilities: inadvertent sustainability amidst the fluctuating pace of travel. Mobilities, 13(4), 569-583.
  • Kılıç, G. D. & Özdemir, B. (2022). Impact of neophobia and liminoid tendencies on tourists’ food consumption behaviors in all-inclusive hotels: A study in Antalya. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 1-21.
  • Kontogeorgopoulos, N. (2003). Keeping Up with the Joneses Tourists, Travellers, and the Quest for Cultural Authenticity in Southern Thailand. Tourist Studies, 3(2), 171-203.
  • Kozinets, R. V., Sherry Jr., J. F., Storm, D., Duhachek, A., Nuttavuthisit, K., & DeBerry-Spence, B. (2004). Ludic agency and retail spectacle. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(3), 658-672.
  • Krippendorf, K. (2004). Content analysis an introduction to its methodology. London: Sage.
  • Lett Jr, J. W. (1983). Ludic and liminoid aspects of charter yacht tourism in the Caribbean. Annals of Tourism Research, 10(1), 35-56.
  • Light, D. (2009). Performing Transylvania: Tourism, fantasy and play in a liminal place. Tourist Studies, 9(3), 240-258.
  • Loker-Murphy, L., & Pearce, P. L. (1995). Young budget travelers: Backpackers in Australia. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 819-843.
  • Maoz, D. (2007). Backpackers’ Motivations - The Role of Culture and Nationality. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1), 122-40.
  • Martins, M. R., da Costa, R. A., & Moreira, A. C. (2022). Backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban destination: The impact of travel information sources. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 456-471.
  • McGinnis, L., Gentry, J., & Gao, T. (2008). The impact of flow and communitas on enduring involvement in extended service encounters. Journal of Service Research, 11(1), 74-90.
  • McGinnis, L., Gentry, J., & Gao, T. (2012). Antecedents to consumer perceptions of sacredness in extended service experiences: The case of golf. Journal of Service Research, 15(4), 476-488.
  • Milazzo, L. (2023). Fanship as a form of liminoid leisure. Leisure Sciences, 1-22.
  • Morse, J. M. (1995). The significance of saturation [Editorial]. Qualitative Health Research, 5, 147-148.
  • Neuman, W.L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Noy, C. (2004). This trip really changed me: backpackers’ narratives of self-change. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 78-102.
  • Noy, C., & Cohen, E. (2005). Israeli Backpackers and Their Society: A View from Afar. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119-132.
  • Pace, S. (2008). YouTube: An opportunity for consumer narrative analysis. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 11(2), 213-226.
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There are 88 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serhat Bingöl 0000-0001-9312-4552

Publication Date February 29, 2024
Submission Date March 22, 2023
Acceptance Date January 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bingöl, S. (2024). Yabancı Sırtçantalı Gezginlerin İstanbul’daki Liminoid Deneyimleri. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 7(1), 326-342. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1269214

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