BibTex RIS Cite

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 45 - 52, 05.05.2015
https://doi.org/10.18036/btdc.42113

Abstract

Larvae of Calliphora vicina and Calliphora loewi were reared on minced cattle lung tissues treated with different Lorazepam concentrations based on levels of public common usage for therapeutical, narcotic and suicidal purposes to evaluate the reliability of insect larvae for toxicological investigations. The species are studied to determine time deviations caused by toxicological influences owing to their features like speed on heading the corpse, value on PMI estimation, briefness at developmental processes and easiness about rearing at laboratory conditions. Body length, weight, death ratio of larvae and pupa were compared within control groups. The results demonstrated that larvae feeding on drug containing tissues in slight dosages developed more rapidly and adult emergence was greater, but also higher concentrations created completely adverse results. The time required for pupation was significantly greater for colonies fed on tissues from lorazepam-dosed diets than for the control group. Results emphasize the importance of determining the contamination rates of lorazepam are essential to prevent deviation on PMI estimations

References

  • Adams, Z. J. O. and Hall, M.J.R. (2003). Methods used for The Killing and Reservation of Blowfly Larvae, and Their Effect on Post- mortem Larval Length, Forensic Sciences International , Vol: 138 50–61.
  • Allen, M.D., Greenblatt, D.J., LaCasse, Y. and Shader, R.I. (1980). Pharmacokinetic Study of Lorazepam Overdosage. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1980; 137:1414-1415.
  • Aranko, K., Seppälä, T., Pellinen, J. and Mattila, M.J. (1985). Interaction of Diazepam or Lorazepam with Alcohol. European Journal Volume 28, Number 5, 559-565. Pharmacology,
  • Archer, M.S. (2004). The Effect of Time After Body Discovery on The Accuracy of Retrospective Weather Station Ambient Temperature Corrections in Forensic Entomology. Sciences, Vol: 49; 553-559. of Forensic
  • Baselt, R.C. (2004). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 7th Edn. Biomedical Publications, 212–213.
  • Beyer, J.C., Enos W.F. and Stajic, M. (1980). Drug Identification Through Analyses of Maggots, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Volume. 25, No:2, 220-225]
  • Bouchard, N.C., Fulton, J.A. and Hoffman, R.S. (2004). Propylene Glycol Accumulation After High-Dose Lorazepam: What Have We Learned. Critical Care Med., 2004 Aug; Volume 32:Issue 8, 1709-14.
  • Campobasso, C.P. and Gherardi, M. (2004). Drug Analysis in Blow Fly Larvae and in Human Tissues: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Legal Med., 2004;118:210–4.
  • Carvalho, L.M.L., Linhares, A.C. and Trigo, J.R. (2001). Determination of Drug Levels and The Effect of Diazepam on The Growth of Necrophagous Importance Forensic 2001;120:140–4. of Forensic Brazil. in Sciences
  • International, Detection Lorazepam in Human Hair By GC- MS/NCI in A Case of Traffic Accident. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 1996; Volume 108, Number 5, 265-267.
  • Clark, K., Evans, L. and Wall, R. (2005). Growth Rates of The Blow Fly, Lucilla Sericata, on Different Body Tissues. Forensic Sciences International, 226; 156, 145-149.
  • Cock, H.R. and Schapira, A.H.V. (2002). A Comparison of Lorazepam and Diazepam as Initial Therapy in Convulsive Status Epilepticus. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2002; QJM 95 (4): 225- 231.doi: 10.1093/qjmed/95.4.225.
  • Di Lazzaro, V., Oliviero, A., Saturno, E., Dileone, M., Pilato, F., Nardone, R., Ranieri, F., Musumeci, G., Fiorilla, T. and Tonali, P. (2005). Effects of Lorazepam on Short Latency Afferent Inhibition and Short Latency Intracortical Inhibition in Humans. Università Cattolica, The Journal of Physiology, 2005 April; 564, 661-668.
  • Donovan, S.E., Hall, M.J.R., Turner, B.D. and Moncrieff, C.B. (2006). Larval Growth Rates of The Blow Fly, Calliphora Vicina, Over A Range of Temperatures. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Vol: 20, 106- 114.
  • Dussy, F.E., Hamberg, C. and Briellmann, T.A. (2005). Quantification of Benzodiazepines in Whole Blood and Serum. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2005 October; Volume 120, Number 6, 323-330.
  • Furnari, C., Ottaviano, V. and Lellis, M.D. (2008). A Fatal Case of Poisoning By Lormetazepam, 2008; 26:85–86. Toxicology,
  • Goff, M.L. (1993). Estimation of Postmortem Interval using and Succesional Patterns. Forensic Sciences Review, Vol: 5, 81-94. Goff, M.L. and Lord, W.D. In, Forensic Entomotoxicology. Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. Byrd, J.H. and Castner, J.L., Eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Goff, M.L., Omori, A.I. and Goodbrod, J.R. (1989). Effect of Cocaine in Tissues on The Development Rate of Boettcherisca Peregrine Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol. 26, No:2, 91-93.
  • Goodbrod, J.R. and Goff, M.L. (1990). Effects of Larval Population Density on Rates of Development and Interactions Between Two Species of Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Laboratory Culture. Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol: 27; 338-343.
  • Grassberger, M. and Reiter, C. (2002). Effect of Temperature on Development of The Forensically Protophormia Terraenovae (Robineau- Desvoidy) Forensic Sciences International, Vol: 128; 177-182. Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
  • Greenblatt, D.J., Allen, M.D., MacLaughlin, D. S., Huffman, D.H., Harmatz, J.S. and Shader, R.I. (1978). Single- and Multiple- dose Kinetics of Oral Lorazepam in Humans: Accumulation. Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics, 1978; Volume 7, Number 2, 159-179. Journal of and
  • Hall, R.D. (2001). Perceptions and status of Forensic Entomology, in: J.H. Byrd, J.L. Castner (Eds.), Forensic Entomology: The Utility Investigations, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1– 17. in Legal
  • Higley, L.G. and Haskell, N.H. (2001). Insect Development and Forensic Entomology, in: J.H. Byrd, J.L. Castner (Eds.), Forensic Entomology, The Utility of Arhropods in Legal Investigations, CRC Press, New York, 2001; 287-302.
  • Kintz, P., Godelar, A., Tracqui, A., Mangin, P., Lugnier, A.A. and Chaumont, A.J. (1990). Fly Larvae: a New Toxicological Method of Investigation in Forensic Medicine. Journal of Forensic Science, Vol: 11:63- 65, 35:204–207.
  • Kintz, P., Villaina, M., Cirimeleb, V., Pépinc, G. and Ledusa, B. (2004). Windows of Detection of Lorazepam in Urine, Oral Fluid and Hair, with A Special Focus on Drug-facilitated Sciences International, 2004 October; Volume 145, Issue 2, Pages 131-135.
  • Knight, B. (1991). Forensic Pathology, Oxford Universty press, New york 1991; 518.
  • Levine, B., Golle, M. and Smialek, J.E. (2000). An Unusual Drug Death Involving Maggots. American Journal of Forensic Medicine Pathology, 2000 March; Volume 21, Issue 1 - 59-61.
  • Monthei, D.R. (2009). Entomotoxicological and Thermal Development of Forensically Important Flies, February 6th 2009; Blacksburg, Virginia Tech. Affecting The
  • Nabity, P.D., Higley, L.G. and Heng-Moss, T.M. (2006). Effects of Temperature on Development of Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and use of Developmental Data in Determining Time Intervals in Forensic Entomology. Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol: 43(6); 1276-1286.
  • Nolte, K. B., Pinder, R. D., Lord, W. D. (1992). Insect Larvae used to Detect Cocaine Poisoning in a Decomposed Body. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1992; 37:1179–85.
  • Perkins, A.M., Ettinger, U., Davis, R., Foster, R., Williams, S.C.R. and Corr, P.J. (2009). Effects of Lorazepam and Citalopram on Human Ethopharmacological Differentiation of Fear and Anxiety. The Journal of Neuroscience, 7 October 2009; 29(40): 12617-12624. Reactions:
  • Schloegl, H., Dresen, S., Spaczynski, K., Stoertzel, M., Wurst, F.M. and Weinmann, W. (2006). Stability of Ethyl Glucuronide in Urine, Postmortem Tissue and Blood Samples. International Journal of The Legal Medicine, 2006; 120:83–88.
  • Smith, K.E. and Wall, R. (1997). The use of Carrion as Breeding Sites By The Blow Fly Calliphoridae. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1997; 11, 38-44. Other
  • Smith, K.G.V. (1986). A Manual of Forensic Entomology. London: British Museum and Cornell University Press.
  • Ungvari, G.S., Dominic, T. S., Leung, L. and Henry, C.M. (1993). Successful Treatment of Catatonia with Lorazepam:A Case Report Gabor Sandor Ungvari. Hong Kong Med. Assoc. 1993 September; Vol. 45, No. 3. Wikipedia: Death of Michael Jackson. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Mi chael_Jackson / [accessed 24 XI 2010].

ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 45 - 52, 05.05.2015
https://doi.org/10.18036/btdc.42113

Abstract

Halk arasında tedavi amaçlı, narkoz etkisi veya intihar amaçlı olarak kullanılan Lorazepam farklı konsantrasyonlarda kıyılmış koyun karaciğerinde yetiştirilen Calliphora vicina ve Calliphora loewi türlerinin besin ortamlarına eklenerek larvalar üzerindeki etkileri toksik araştırma amaçlı olarak incelenmiştir.Bu türler cesede ilk erişen örnekler oldukları için PMI hesaplamasında ve ölüm hakkında detaylı bilgi verebilmesi açısından ve labaratuvar ortamında rahatlıkla kültürlerinin kurulabilmesi yönünden çokça çalışılan türlerdir. Pupa ve larvaların vücut uzunlukları, ağırlıkları ve ölüm oranları kontrol gruplarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki düşük dozlarda Lorazepam etkisi larvalarda gelişimi artırmakta ve ergin evreye geçişi hızlandırmakta iken yüksek dozlara geçildikçe larvalarda ve pupalarda bozulmalar ve ölüm oranları hızla artmaktadır. Sonuç olarak PMI hesaplamasında ki sapmaların önüne geçebilmek için toksik etkinin miktarının belirlenmesinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır

References

  • Adams, Z. J. O. and Hall, M.J.R. (2003). Methods used for The Killing and Reservation of Blowfly Larvae, and Their Effect on Post- mortem Larval Length, Forensic Sciences International , Vol: 138 50–61.
  • Allen, M.D., Greenblatt, D.J., LaCasse, Y. and Shader, R.I. (1980). Pharmacokinetic Study of Lorazepam Overdosage. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1980; 137:1414-1415.
  • Aranko, K., Seppälä, T., Pellinen, J. and Mattila, M.J. (1985). Interaction of Diazepam or Lorazepam with Alcohol. European Journal Volume 28, Number 5, 559-565. Pharmacology,
  • Archer, M.S. (2004). The Effect of Time After Body Discovery on The Accuracy of Retrospective Weather Station Ambient Temperature Corrections in Forensic Entomology. Sciences, Vol: 49; 553-559. of Forensic
  • Baselt, R.C. (2004). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 7th Edn. Biomedical Publications, 212–213.
  • Beyer, J.C., Enos W.F. and Stajic, M. (1980). Drug Identification Through Analyses of Maggots, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Volume. 25, No:2, 220-225]
  • Bouchard, N.C., Fulton, J.A. and Hoffman, R.S. (2004). Propylene Glycol Accumulation After High-Dose Lorazepam: What Have We Learned. Critical Care Med., 2004 Aug; Volume 32:Issue 8, 1709-14.
  • Campobasso, C.P. and Gherardi, M. (2004). Drug Analysis in Blow Fly Larvae and in Human Tissues: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Legal Med., 2004;118:210–4.
  • Carvalho, L.M.L., Linhares, A.C. and Trigo, J.R. (2001). Determination of Drug Levels and The Effect of Diazepam on The Growth of Necrophagous Importance Forensic 2001;120:140–4. of Forensic Brazil. in Sciences
  • International, Detection Lorazepam in Human Hair By GC- MS/NCI in A Case of Traffic Accident. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 1996; Volume 108, Number 5, 265-267.
  • Clark, K., Evans, L. and Wall, R. (2005). Growth Rates of The Blow Fly, Lucilla Sericata, on Different Body Tissues. Forensic Sciences International, 226; 156, 145-149.
  • Cock, H.R. and Schapira, A.H.V. (2002). A Comparison of Lorazepam and Diazepam as Initial Therapy in Convulsive Status Epilepticus. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2002; QJM 95 (4): 225- 231.doi: 10.1093/qjmed/95.4.225.
  • Di Lazzaro, V., Oliviero, A., Saturno, E., Dileone, M., Pilato, F., Nardone, R., Ranieri, F., Musumeci, G., Fiorilla, T. and Tonali, P. (2005). Effects of Lorazepam on Short Latency Afferent Inhibition and Short Latency Intracortical Inhibition in Humans. Università Cattolica, The Journal of Physiology, 2005 April; 564, 661-668.
  • Donovan, S.E., Hall, M.J.R., Turner, B.D. and Moncrieff, C.B. (2006). Larval Growth Rates of The Blow Fly, Calliphora Vicina, Over A Range of Temperatures. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Vol: 20, 106- 114.
  • Dussy, F.E., Hamberg, C. and Briellmann, T.A. (2005). Quantification of Benzodiazepines in Whole Blood and Serum. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2005 October; Volume 120, Number 6, 323-330.
  • Furnari, C., Ottaviano, V. and Lellis, M.D. (2008). A Fatal Case of Poisoning By Lormetazepam, 2008; 26:85–86. Toxicology,
  • Goff, M.L. (1993). Estimation of Postmortem Interval using and Succesional Patterns. Forensic Sciences Review, Vol: 5, 81-94. Goff, M.L. and Lord, W.D. In, Forensic Entomotoxicology. Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. Byrd, J.H. and Castner, J.L., Eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Goff, M.L., Omori, A.I. and Goodbrod, J.R. (1989). Effect of Cocaine in Tissues on The Development Rate of Boettcherisca Peregrine Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol. 26, No:2, 91-93.
  • Goodbrod, J.R. and Goff, M.L. (1990). Effects of Larval Population Density on Rates of Development and Interactions Between Two Species of Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Laboratory Culture. Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol: 27; 338-343.
  • Grassberger, M. and Reiter, C. (2002). Effect of Temperature on Development of The Forensically Protophormia Terraenovae (Robineau- Desvoidy) Forensic Sciences International, Vol: 128; 177-182. Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
  • Greenblatt, D.J., Allen, M.D., MacLaughlin, D. S., Huffman, D.H., Harmatz, J.S. and Shader, R.I. (1978). Single- and Multiple- dose Kinetics of Oral Lorazepam in Humans: Accumulation. Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics, 1978; Volume 7, Number 2, 159-179. Journal of and
  • Hall, R.D. (2001). Perceptions and status of Forensic Entomology, in: J.H. Byrd, J.L. Castner (Eds.), Forensic Entomology: The Utility Investigations, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1– 17. in Legal
  • Higley, L.G. and Haskell, N.H. (2001). Insect Development and Forensic Entomology, in: J.H. Byrd, J.L. Castner (Eds.), Forensic Entomology, The Utility of Arhropods in Legal Investigations, CRC Press, New York, 2001; 287-302.
  • Kintz, P., Godelar, A., Tracqui, A., Mangin, P., Lugnier, A.A. and Chaumont, A.J. (1990). Fly Larvae: a New Toxicological Method of Investigation in Forensic Medicine. Journal of Forensic Science, Vol: 11:63- 65, 35:204–207.
  • Kintz, P., Villaina, M., Cirimeleb, V., Pépinc, G. and Ledusa, B. (2004). Windows of Detection of Lorazepam in Urine, Oral Fluid and Hair, with A Special Focus on Drug-facilitated Sciences International, 2004 October; Volume 145, Issue 2, Pages 131-135.
  • Knight, B. (1991). Forensic Pathology, Oxford Universty press, New york 1991; 518.
  • Levine, B., Golle, M. and Smialek, J.E. (2000). An Unusual Drug Death Involving Maggots. American Journal of Forensic Medicine Pathology, 2000 March; Volume 21, Issue 1 - 59-61.
  • Monthei, D.R. (2009). Entomotoxicological and Thermal Development of Forensically Important Flies, February 6th 2009; Blacksburg, Virginia Tech. Affecting The
  • Nabity, P.D., Higley, L.G. and Heng-Moss, T.M. (2006). Effects of Temperature on Development of Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and use of Developmental Data in Determining Time Intervals in Forensic Entomology. Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol: 43(6); 1276-1286.
  • Nolte, K. B., Pinder, R. D., Lord, W. D. (1992). Insect Larvae used to Detect Cocaine Poisoning in a Decomposed Body. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1992; 37:1179–85.
  • Perkins, A.M., Ettinger, U., Davis, R., Foster, R., Williams, S.C.R. and Corr, P.J. (2009). Effects of Lorazepam and Citalopram on Human Ethopharmacological Differentiation of Fear and Anxiety. The Journal of Neuroscience, 7 October 2009; 29(40): 12617-12624. Reactions:
  • Schloegl, H., Dresen, S., Spaczynski, K., Stoertzel, M., Wurst, F.M. and Weinmann, W. (2006). Stability of Ethyl Glucuronide in Urine, Postmortem Tissue and Blood Samples. International Journal of The Legal Medicine, 2006; 120:83–88.
  • Smith, K.E. and Wall, R. (1997). The use of Carrion as Breeding Sites By The Blow Fly Calliphoridae. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1997; 11, 38-44. Other
  • Smith, K.G.V. (1986). A Manual of Forensic Entomology. London: British Museum and Cornell University Press.
  • Ungvari, G.S., Dominic, T. S., Leung, L. and Henry, C.M. (1993). Successful Treatment of Catatonia with Lorazepam:A Case Report Gabor Sandor Ungvari. Hong Kong Med. Assoc. 1993 September; Vol. 45, No. 3. Wikipedia: Death of Michael Jackson. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Mi chael_Jackson / [accessed 24 XI 2010].
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Altunsoy

Furkan Akay This is me

Cenk Önsoy

Publication Date May 5, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Altunsoy, F., Akay, F., & Önsoy, C. (2015). PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(2), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.18036/btdc.42113
AMA Altunsoy F, Akay F, Önsoy C. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology. May 2015;3(2):45-52. doi:10.18036/btdc.42113
Chicago Altunsoy, Ferhat, Furkan Akay, and Cenk Önsoy. “PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (May 2015): 45-52. https://doi.org/10.18036/btdc.42113.
EndNote Altunsoy F, Akay F, Önsoy C (May 1, 2015) PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology 3 2 45–52.
IEEE F. Altunsoy, F. Akay, and C. Önsoy, “PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION”, Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 45–52, 2015, doi: 10.18036/btdc.42113.
ISNAD Altunsoy, Ferhat et al. “PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology 3/2 (May 2015), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.18036/btdc.42113.
JAMA Altunsoy F, Akay F, Önsoy C. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 2015;3:45–52.
MLA Altunsoy, Ferhat et al. “PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology, vol. 3, no. 2, 2015, pp. 45-52, doi:10.18036/btdc.42113.
Vancouver Altunsoy F, Akay F, Önsoy C. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF LORAZEPAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLIPHORA VICINA AND CALLIPHORA LOEWI (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) AND PMI ESTIMATION. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C - Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 2015;3(2):45-52.