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GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ

Year 2019, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 35 - 44, 01.04.2019

Ezgi Sunal , Tülin Ufuk Toygar Memikoğlu

Abstract

Gülümseme estetiğini değerlendirmek amacıyla standart bir analiz bulunmamaktadır. Gülümsemenin değerlendirilmesinde estetik algı önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı gülüşü etkileyen parametreleri, gülüşün iyileştirilmesi amacı ile başvurulabilecek tedavi yöntemlerini ve ortodontik tedavinin gülümsemeye olan etkisini gözden geçirmektir.

Keywords

Gülümseme Dental estetik Ortodonti

References

  • Machado AW. 10 commandments of smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19.4: 136-157.
  • Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124.1: 4-12.
  • Kokich VO Jr, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11:311-24.
  • Yarbus AL. Eye movements and vision. NewYork: Plenum Press, 1967.
  • Peck S, Peck L. Selected aspects of the art and science of facial esthetics. Semin Orthod 1995;1:105-26.
  • Ackerman J, Ackerman MB, Brensinger CM, Landis JR. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clin Orthod Res. 1998;1:2-11.
  • Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974; 53:384-7.
  • Drummond S, Capelli Jr J. Incisor display during speech and smile: Age and gender correlations. Angle Orthod. 2015; 86: 631- 637.
  • Schabel BJ, Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara Jr JA. Clinical photography vs digital video clips for the assessment of smile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80: 678-684.
  • Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2001; 120: 98-111.
  • Hulsey, CM. An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod. 1970; 57.2: 132-144.
  • Ackerman JL.; Ackerman MB.; Brensinger CM.; Landis JR. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clinical Orthodontics and Research 1998; 1: 2-11.
  • Zachrısson, BU. Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension. Journal Clin Orthod. 1998; 32: 432-445.
  • Sabri R. The eight components of a balanced smile. J Clin Orthod. 2005; 39.3: 155-67. 15. Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 13(2):141- 151.
  • Suzuki L, Machado AW, Bittencourt MAV. An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011; 16(5):37-39.
  • Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000 1996;11:18-28.
  • Pithon MM, Santos AM, de Andrade ACDV, Santos EM, Couto FS, da Silva Coqueiro R. Perception of the esthetic impact of gingival smile on laypersons, dental professionals and dental students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 115(4), 448-454.
  • Vig RG, Brundo GC. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. J Prosthet Dent. 1978; 39.5: 502- 504.
  • Nanda R. Biomechanics and esthetic strategies in clinical orthodontics. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2005
  • Sackstein M. A digital video photographic technique for esthetic evaluation of anterior mandibular teeth. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;97:246–247.
  • Motta AFJ, Souza MMG, Bolognese AM, Guerra CJ, Mucha JN. Display of the incisors as functions of age and gender. Aust Orthod J. 2010;26:27–32.
  • Chetan P, Tandon P, Singh GK, Nagar A, Prasad V, Chugh VK. Dynamics of a smile in different age groups. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:90–96.
  • Miron H, Calderon S, Allon D. Upper lip changes and gingival exposure on smiling: vertical dimension analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012,141:87–93.
  • Rigsbee, O.H. 3rd; Sperry, T.P.; and BeGole, E.A.: The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg. 1988,3:233-239.
  • Sarver DM, Weissman SM. Long-term soft tissue response to LeFort I maxillary superior repositioning. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61:267-276.
  • Gillen RJ, Schwartz RS, Hilton TJ, Evans DB. An analysis of selected normative tooth proportions. Int. J. Prosthod. 1994, 7:410-417.
  • Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: Diagnosis and treatment, Periodontol. 2000 1996, 11:18-28.
  • Kokich VG. Esthetics: The orthodonticperiodontic restorative connection. Semin Orthod. 1996,2:21-30.
  • Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: Part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies. Am J Orthod.2003; 124:116-127.
  • Philips E. The anatomy of a smile. Oral Health. 1996, 86:7-13.
  • Philips E. The classification of smile patterns, J Can Dent Assoc. 1999; 65:252-254.
  • Dong JK, Jin TH, Cho HW, Oh SC. The esthetics of the smile: A review of some recent studies. Int. J. Prosthod. 1999,12:9-19.
  • Wolfart S, Thormann H, Freitag S, Kern M. Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005;113(2):159-165.
  • Rufenacht CR. Fundamentals of esthetics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1990.
  • Chiche G, Pinault A. Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1994.
  • Lombardi RE. The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics. J Prosthet Dent. 1973;29:358–82.
  • Levin EL. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent. 1978;40:244–52.
  • Ward DH. A study of dentists’ preferred maxillary anterior tooth width proportions: comparing the recurring esthetic dental proportion to other mathematical and naturally occurring proportions. J Esthet Dent. 2007;19.6: 324-339.
  • Snow SR. Esthetic smile analysis of anterior tooth width: The golden percentage. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11:177–84.
  • Methot AM. Proportions the new golden rules in dentistry. Canadian Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry 2006; 1: 34-40.
  • Nagalakshmi S, Sathish R, Priya K, Dhayanithi D. Changes in quality of life during orthodontic correction of midline diastema. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences 2014, 6(Suppl 1), S162.
  • Kumar S, Gandhi S, Valiathan A. Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23:295
  • Machado AW, Moon W, Campos E, Gandini Jr LG. Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. 2013; 25(2): 169-174.
  • Johnston CD, Burden DJ, Stevenson MR. The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod. 1999; 21(5): 517-522.
  • Pinho S, Ciriaco C, Faber J, Lenza MA. Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics. Am J Orthod. 2007; 132.6: 748- 753.
  • Kokich VG, Nappen DL, Shapiro PA. Gingival contour and clinical crown length: their effect on the esthetic appearance of maxillary anterior teeth. Am J Orthod. 1984; 86(2): 89-94.
  • Kokich VG. Esthetics and anterior tooth position: an orthodontic perspective. Part I: crown length. J Esthet Dent 1993;5:19-23.
  • Sarver DM, Yanosky M. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:85-90.
  • Chay SH, Rabie ABM. Repositioning of the gingival margin by extrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:95-102.
  • Zachrisson BU. Repositioning of the gingival margin by extrusion and intrusion. World J Orthod. 2003;4:72-7.
  • Janzen EK. A balanced smile: A most important treatment objective, Am J Orthod. 1977;72:359- 372.
  • Gibson RM. Smiling and facial exercise. Dent Clin N Am. 1989; 33:139-144.
  • Sarver DM, Ackerman JL. Orthodontics about face: The reemergence of the esthetic paradigm. Am J Orthod. 2000; 117:575- 576.
  • Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Orthod Res. 1999; 2:49-52.
  • Lackey, A.D.: Examining your smile, Dent Clin N Am. 1989; 33:133-137.
  • McNamara L, McNamara JA Jr, Ackerman MB, Baccetti T. Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:491-9.
  • JohnsonDK, SmithRJ. Smile estheties after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction of four first premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:162-7.
  • Kim E, Gianelly AA. Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2003;73:354-8.
  • Gracco A, Cozzani M, D'Elia L, Manfrini M, Peverada C, Siciliani G. The smile buccal corridors: aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons. Prog Orthod. 2006;7:56-65.
  • Martin AJ, Buschang PH, Boley JC, Taylor RW, McKinney TW. The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2007;29:530-7.
  • Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:208-13.
  • Parekh S, Fields HW, Beck FM, Rosenstiel SF. The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2007;10:15-21.
  • Boley JC, Pontier JP, Smith S, Fulbright M. Facial changes in extraction and nonextraction patients. Angle Orthod. 1998;68: 539-46.
  • Meyer AH, Woods MG, Manton DJ. Maxillary arch width and buccal corridor changes with orthodontic treatment. Part 2: attractiveness of the frontal facial smile in extraction and nonextraction outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145(3), 296-304.
  • Bhuvaneswaran M. Principles of smile design. J Conserv Dent. 2010; 13.4: 225.
  • Machado AW, Santos TC, Araujo TM, Gandini Jr LG. Integração Ortodontia e Dermatologia na busca da excelência na estética labial. Rev Clin Ortodon Dental Press. 2010; 9(3):47-56.

Smile Aesthetics

Year 2019, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 35 - 44, 01.04.2019

Ezgi Sunal , Tülin Ufuk Toygar Memikoğlu

Abstract

There is no standard analysis to evaluate the aesthetic of a smile. The aesthetic perception is an important factor in the evaluation of the smile. The purpose of this article is to review the
components of the smile, the treatment methods that can be used to improve it and the effects of orthodontic treatment on smile.  

Keywords

Dental aesthetics orthodontics smile

References

  • Machado AW. 10 commandments of smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19.4: 136-157.
  • Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124.1: 4-12.
  • Kokich VO Jr, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11:311-24.
  • Yarbus AL. Eye movements and vision. NewYork: Plenum Press, 1967.
  • Peck S, Peck L. Selected aspects of the art and science of facial esthetics. Semin Orthod 1995;1:105-26.
  • Ackerman J, Ackerman MB, Brensinger CM, Landis JR. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clin Orthod Res. 1998;1:2-11.
  • Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974; 53:384-7.
  • Drummond S, Capelli Jr J. Incisor display during speech and smile: Age and gender correlations. Angle Orthod. 2015; 86: 631- 637.
  • Schabel BJ, Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara Jr JA. Clinical photography vs digital video clips for the assessment of smile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80: 678-684.
  • Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2001; 120: 98-111.
  • Hulsey, CM. An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod. 1970; 57.2: 132-144.
  • Ackerman JL.; Ackerman MB.; Brensinger CM.; Landis JR. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clinical Orthodontics and Research 1998; 1: 2-11.
  • Zachrısson, BU. Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension. Journal Clin Orthod. 1998; 32: 432-445.
  • Sabri R. The eight components of a balanced smile. J Clin Orthod. 2005; 39.3: 155-67. 15. Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 13(2):141- 151.
  • Suzuki L, Machado AW, Bittencourt MAV. An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011; 16(5):37-39.
  • Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000 1996;11:18-28.
  • Pithon MM, Santos AM, de Andrade ACDV, Santos EM, Couto FS, da Silva Coqueiro R. Perception of the esthetic impact of gingival smile on laypersons, dental professionals and dental students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 115(4), 448-454.
  • Vig RG, Brundo GC. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. J Prosthet Dent. 1978; 39.5: 502- 504.
  • Nanda R. Biomechanics and esthetic strategies in clinical orthodontics. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2005
  • Sackstein M. A digital video photographic technique for esthetic evaluation of anterior mandibular teeth. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;97:246–247.
  • Motta AFJ, Souza MMG, Bolognese AM, Guerra CJ, Mucha JN. Display of the incisors as functions of age and gender. Aust Orthod J. 2010;26:27–32.
  • Chetan P, Tandon P, Singh GK, Nagar A, Prasad V, Chugh VK. Dynamics of a smile in different age groups. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:90–96.
  • Miron H, Calderon S, Allon D. Upper lip changes and gingival exposure on smiling: vertical dimension analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012,141:87–93.
  • Rigsbee, O.H. 3rd; Sperry, T.P.; and BeGole, E.A.: The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg. 1988,3:233-239.
  • Sarver DM, Weissman SM. Long-term soft tissue response to LeFort I maxillary superior repositioning. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61:267-276.
  • Gillen RJ, Schwartz RS, Hilton TJ, Evans DB. An analysis of selected normative tooth proportions. Int. J. Prosthod. 1994, 7:410-417.
  • Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: Diagnosis and treatment, Periodontol. 2000 1996, 11:18-28.
  • Kokich VG. Esthetics: The orthodonticperiodontic restorative connection. Semin Orthod. 1996,2:21-30.
  • Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: Part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies. Am J Orthod.2003; 124:116-127.
  • Philips E. The anatomy of a smile. Oral Health. 1996, 86:7-13.
  • Philips E. The classification of smile patterns, J Can Dent Assoc. 1999; 65:252-254.
  • Dong JK, Jin TH, Cho HW, Oh SC. The esthetics of the smile: A review of some recent studies. Int. J. Prosthod. 1999,12:9-19.
  • Wolfart S, Thormann H, Freitag S, Kern M. Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005;113(2):159-165.
  • Rufenacht CR. Fundamentals of esthetics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1990.
  • Chiche G, Pinault A. Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1994.
  • Lombardi RE. The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics. J Prosthet Dent. 1973;29:358–82.
  • Levin EL. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent. 1978;40:244–52.
  • Ward DH. A study of dentists’ preferred maxillary anterior tooth width proportions: comparing the recurring esthetic dental proportion to other mathematical and naturally occurring proportions. J Esthet Dent. 2007;19.6: 324-339.
  • Snow SR. Esthetic smile analysis of anterior tooth width: The golden percentage. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11:177–84.
  • Methot AM. Proportions the new golden rules in dentistry. Canadian Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry 2006; 1: 34-40.
  • Nagalakshmi S, Sathish R, Priya K, Dhayanithi D. Changes in quality of life during orthodontic correction of midline diastema. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences 2014, 6(Suppl 1), S162.
  • Kumar S, Gandhi S, Valiathan A. Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23:295
  • Machado AW, Moon W, Campos E, Gandini Jr LG. Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. 2013; 25(2): 169-174.
  • Johnston CD, Burden DJ, Stevenson MR. The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod. 1999; 21(5): 517-522.
  • Pinho S, Ciriaco C, Faber J, Lenza MA. Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics. Am J Orthod. 2007; 132.6: 748- 753.
  • Kokich VG, Nappen DL, Shapiro PA. Gingival contour and clinical crown length: their effect on the esthetic appearance of maxillary anterior teeth. Am J Orthod. 1984; 86(2): 89-94.
  • Kokich VG. Esthetics and anterior tooth position: an orthodontic perspective. Part I: crown length. J Esthet Dent 1993;5:19-23.
  • Sarver DM, Yanosky M. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:85-90.
  • Chay SH, Rabie ABM. Repositioning of the gingival margin by extrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:95-102.
  • Zachrisson BU. Repositioning of the gingival margin by extrusion and intrusion. World J Orthod. 2003;4:72-7.
  • Janzen EK. A balanced smile: A most important treatment objective, Am J Orthod. 1977;72:359- 372.
  • Gibson RM. Smiling and facial exercise. Dent Clin N Am. 1989; 33:139-144.
  • Sarver DM, Ackerman JL. Orthodontics about face: The reemergence of the esthetic paradigm. Am J Orthod. 2000; 117:575- 576.
  • Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Orthod Res. 1999; 2:49-52.
  • Lackey, A.D.: Examining your smile, Dent Clin N Am. 1989; 33:133-137.
  • McNamara L, McNamara JA Jr, Ackerman MB, Baccetti T. Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:491-9.
  • JohnsonDK, SmithRJ. Smile estheties after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction of four first premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:162-7.
  • Kim E, Gianelly AA. Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2003;73:354-8.
  • Gracco A, Cozzani M, D'Elia L, Manfrini M, Peverada C, Siciliani G. The smile buccal corridors: aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons. Prog Orthod. 2006;7:56-65.
  • Martin AJ, Buschang PH, Boley JC, Taylor RW, McKinney TW. The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2007;29:530-7.
  • Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:208-13.
  • Parekh S, Fields HW, Beck FM, Rosenstiel SF. The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2007;10:15-21.
  • Boley JC, Pontier JP, Smith S, Fulbright M. Facial changes in extraction and nonextraction patients. Angle Orthod. 1998;68: 539-46.
  • Meyer AH, Woods MG, Manton DJ. Maxillary arch width and buccal corridor changes with orthodontic treatment. Part 2: attractiveness of the frontal facial smile in extraction and nonextraction outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145(3), 296-304.
  • Bhuvaneswaran M. Principles of smile design. J Conserv Dent. 2010; 13.4: 225.
  • Machado AW, Santos TC, Araujo TM, Gandini Jr LG. Integração Ortodontia e Dermatologia na busca da excelência na estética labial. Rev Clin Ortodon Dental Press. 2010; 9(3):47-56.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Ezgi Sunal

Tülin Ufuk Toygar Memikoğlu

Publication Date April 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sunal, E., & Toygar Memikoğlu, T. U. (2019). GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 35-44.
AMA Sunal E, Toygar Memikoğlu TU. GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ. AÜDHF dergisi. April 2019;46(1):35-44.
Chicago Sunal, Ezgi, and Tülin Ufuk Toygar Memikoğlu. “GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 46, no. 1 (April 2019): 35-44.
EndNote Sunal E, Toygar Memikoğlu TU (April 1, 2019) GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 46 1 35–44.
IEEE E. Sunal and T. U. Toygar Memikoğlu, “GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ”, AÜDHF dergisi, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 35–44, 2019.
ISNAD Sunal, Ezgi - Toygar Memikoğlu, Tülin Ufuk. “GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 46/1 (April 2019), 35-44.
JAMA Sunal E, Toygar Memikoğlu TU. GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ. AÜDHF dergisi. 2019;46:35–44.
MLA Sunal, Ezgi and Tülin Ufuk Toygar Memikoğlu. “GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ”. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 46, no. 1, 2019, pp. 35-44.
Vancouver Sunal E, Toygar Memikoğlu TU. GÜLÜMSEME ESTETİĞİ. AÜDHF dergisi. 2019;46(1):35-44.