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21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Bu Becerilerin Ölçülmesinde Kullanılan Araçlar ve Yaklaşımlar

Year 2018, Volume: 51 Issue: 1, 183 - 201, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.405860

Abstract



Bu çalışmada, 21. yüzyıl becerilerini tanımlamak ve onları ölçmek için
kullanılan çeşitli araçları ve yaklaşımları tanıtmak amaçlanmıştır. 21. yy
becerileri, temel becerileri kapsamakla birlikte; i) öğrenme ve yenilik
becerileri, ii) bilgi, medya ve teknoloji becerileri ve iii) yaşam ve kariyer
becerileri olmak üzere üç ana beceri alanından oluşmaktadır. Yapılan alanyazın
incelemesinde, bu tür becerilerin ölçülmesinde; derecelendirme ölçekleri,
durumsal yargı testleri, performans değerlendirmeler ve simülasyonlar,
portfolyolar ve farklı madde türlerini içeren araçlar (çoktan seçmeli,
bilgisayar destekli ve açık uçlu maddeler gibi) kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Ancak
bahsedilen ölçme araçlarının ve yaklaşımlarının bazıları Türkiye’de
kullanılmamaktadır. Ayrıca pek çok ülkede teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak
bilgisayar-temelli ölçme uygulamalarının kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bilgisayar
ortamı, bu yaklaşımlardan gerçek duruma dayalı bilgisayar simülasyonları gibi
uygulamaların kullanılmasına izin vermekte, bu durum da hem bilişsel hem
kişilerarası becerilerin gerçeğe oldukça yakın bir şekilde ölçülmesine fırsat
tanımaktadır. Ayrıca ders kitaplarında, öğrencilerin kişilerarası ve içsel
becerilerini ortaya koymalarını sağlayacak durumsal yargı testi gibi ölçme yaklaşımlarına
yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.

References

  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., and Rumble, M. (2010). Defining 21st century skills. White Paper commissioned for the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills Project (ATC21S). Melbourne, Australia: Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. https://www.intel.com.tr/content/dam/www/public/emea/tr/tr/pdf/education/tools-and-resources/century21-skills-report.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Brookhart, S. M. (2010). Assess higher-order thinking skills in your classroom. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Çolakoğlu, Z. R. (2013). Establishing the validity of a leadership based situational judgment test. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • DiCerbo, K. (2014). Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 21(4), 502-505. doi: 10.1080/0969594X.2014.931836
  • Eriş, A. (2013). Situational judgment tests in assessing specific personality characteristics. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Eryılmaz, S. ve Uluyol, Ç. (2015). 21. yüzyıl becerileri ışığında FATİH projesi değerlendirmesi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 209-229.
  • Facione, P. A., Sánchez, C. A., Facione, N. C. and Gainen, J. (1995). The Disposition toward critical thinking. Journal of General Education, 44(1), 1-25.
  • Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., and Giancarlo, C. A. (2000). The disposition toward critical thinking: Its character, measurement, and relationship to critical thinking skill. Informal Logic, 20(1), 61-84.
  • Göksün, D. O. ve Kurt, A. A. (2017). Öğretmen adaylarının 21. yüzyıl. öğrenen becerileri kullanımları ve 21. yüzyıl. öğreten becerileri kullanımları arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(190), 107-130.
  • Haladyna, T. M. (1997). Writing test item to evaluate higher order thinking. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Harzing, A. (2006). Response styles in cross-national survey research: A 26-country study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 6(2), 243-266.
  • Hopkins, D. J. and King, G. (2010). Improving anchoring vignettes: Designing surveys to correct for interpersonal incomparability. Public Opinion Quarterly, 74, 201-220.
  • Kylonen, P. C. (2012). Measurement of 21st century skills within the common core state standards. Paper presented at the Invitational Research Symposium on Technology Enhanced Assessments, May 7-8.
  • Kylonen, P. C. and Bertling, J. P. (2014). Innovative questionnaire assessment methods to increase cross-country comparability. In L. Rutkowski, M. Von Davier, and D. Rutkowski (Eds.), Handbook of international large scale assessment: Background, technical issues, and methods of data analysis (s.277-285). Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press.
  • Lai, E. R. and Viering, M. (2012). Assessing 21st century skills: Integrating research findings. Vancouver, B.C.: National Council on Measurement in Education.
  • Liu, M., Lee, S. and Conrad, F. G. (2015). Comparing extreme response styles between agree-disagree and item-specific scales. Public Opinion Quarterly, 79(4), 952-975.
  • Lu, Y., and Bolt, D. M. (2015). Examining the attitude-achievement paradox in PISA using a multilevel multidimensional IRT model for extreme response style. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 3(2), 1-18. doi: 10.1186/s40536-015- 0012-0
  • McDaniel, M. A., Hartman, N. S., Whetzel, D. L. and Grubb, W. L. (2007). Situational judgement tests, response instructions, and validity: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 60, 63-91.
  • McDaniel, M. A., and Nguyen, N. T. (2001). Situational judgment tests: A review of practice and constructs assessed. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 103-113.
  • National Research Council. (2012). Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century. Committee on Defining Deeper Learning and 21st Century Skills, James W. Pellegrino and Margaret L. Hilton, Editors. Board on Testing and Assessment and Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2013). Ready to learn: Students’ engagement, drive and self-beliefs- Volume III. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/PISA2012-Vol3-Chap3.pdf adresinden alındı. OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 technical report. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/PISA%202012%20Technical%20Report_Chapter%2017.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • OECD. (2015). Beyond PISA 2015: A longer-term strategy of PISA. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/Longer-term-strategy-of-PISA.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 collaborative problem-solving framework. Paris: OECD Publishing.https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/Draft%20PISA%202015%20Collaborative%20Problem%20Solving%20Framework%20.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21). (2007). Framework for 21st century learning. http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework adresinden alındı.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Learning (2015). P21 Framework Definitions. http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework adresinden alındı.
  • Peeters, H., and Lievens, F. (2005). Situational judgment tests and their predictiveness of college students’ success: The influence of faking. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65(1), 70-89. doi: 10.1177/0013164404268672
  • Schmitt, N., Oswald, F. L., Kim, B. H., Imus, A., Merritt, S., Friede, A., and Shiypuri, S. (2007). The use of background and ability profiles to predict college student outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 165–179.
  • Selçuk, Z., Palancı, M., Kandemir, M. ve Dündar, H. (2014). Eğitim ve bilim dergisinde yayınlanan araştırmaların eğilimleri: İçerik analizi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(173), 430-453.
  • Soland, J., Hamilton, L. S., and Stecher, B. M. (2013). Measuring 21st century competencies guidance for educators. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
  • Taş, U. E., Arıcı, Ö., Özarkan, H. B. ve Özgürlük, B. (2016). PISA 2015 ulusal raporu. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. http://pisa.meb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/PISA2015_Ulusal_Rapor1.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Trilling, B. and Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Web: PARCC Prototyping Project, http://www.ccsstoolbox.com/parcc/PARCCPrototype_main.html adresinden alındı.
Year 2018, Volume: 51 Issue: 1, 183 - 201, 01.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.405860

Abstract

References

  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., and Rumble, M. (2010). Defining 21st century skills. White Paper commissioned for the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills Project (ATC21S). Melbourne, Australia: Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. https://www.intel.com.tr/content/dam/www/public/emea/tr/tr/pdf/education/tools-and-resources/century21-skills-report.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Brookhart, S. M. (2010). Assess higher-order thinking skills in your classroom. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Çolakoğlu, Z. R. (2013). Establishing the validity of a leadership based situational judgment test. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • DiCerbo, K. (2014). Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 21(4), 502-505. doi: 10.1080/0969594X.2014.931836
  • Eriş, A. (2013). Situational judgment tests in assessing specific personality characteristics. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Eryılmaz, S. ve Uluyol, Ç. (2015). 21. yüzyıl becerileri ışığında FATİH projesi değerlendirmesi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 209-229.
  • Facione, P. A., Sánchez, C. A., Facione, N. C. and Gainen, J. (1995). The Disposition toward critical thinking. Journal of General Education, 44(1), 1-25.
  • Facione, P. A., Facione, N. C., and Giancarlo, C. A. (2000). The disposition toward critical thinking: Its character, measurement, and relationship to critical thinking skill. Informal Logic, 20(1), 61-84.
  • Göksün, D. O. ve Kurt, A. A. (2017). Öğretmen adaylarının 21. yüzyıl. öğrenen becerileri kullanımları ve 21. yüzyıl. öğreten becerileri kullanımları arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(190), 107-130.
  • Haladyna, T. M. (1997). Writing test item to evaluate higher order thinking. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Harzing, A. (2006). Response styles in cross-national survey research: A 26-country study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 6(2), 243-266.
  • Hopkins, D. J. and King, G. (2010). Improving anchoring vignettes: Designing surveys to correct for interpersonal incomparability. Public Opinion Quarterly, 74, 201-220.
  • Kylonen, P. C. (2012). Measurement of 21st century skills within the common core state standards. Paper presented at the Invitational Research Symposium on Technology Enhanced Assessments, May 7-8.
  • Kylonen, P. C. and Bertling, J. P. (2014). Innovative questionnaire assessment methods to increase cross-country comparability. In L. Rutkowski, M. Von Davier, and D. Rutkowski (Eds.), Handbook of international large scale assessment: Background, technical issues, and methods of data analysis (s.277-285). Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press.
  • Lai, E. R. and Viering, M. (2012). Assessing 21st century skills: Integrating research findings. Vancouver, B.C.: National Council on Measurement in Education.
  • Liu, M., Lee, S. and Conrad, F. G. (2015). Comparing extreme response styles between agree-disagree and item-specific scales. Public Opinion Quarterly, 79(4), 952-975.
  • Lu, Y., and Bolt, D. M. (2015). Examining the attitude-achievement paradox in PISA using a multilevel multidimensional IRT model for extreme response style. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 3(2), 1-18. doi: 10.1186/s40536-015- 0012-0
  • McDaniel, M. A., Hartman, N. S., Whetzel, D. L. and Grubb, W. L. (2007). Situational judgement tests, response instructions, and validity: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 60, 63-91.
  • McDaniel, M. A., and Nguyen, N. T. (2001). Situational judgment tests: A review of practice and constructs assessed. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 103-113.
  • National Research Council. (2012). Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century. Committee on Defining Deeper Learning and 21st Century Skills, James W. Pellegrino and Margaret L. Hilton, Editors. Board on Testing and Assessment and Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2013). Ready to learn: Students’ engagement, drive and self-beliefs- Volume III. Paris: OECD Publishing. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/PISA2012-Vol3-Chap3.pdf adresinden alındı. OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 technical report. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/PISA%202012%20Technical%20Report_Chapter%2017.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • OECD. (2015). Beyond PISA 2015: A longer-term strategy of PISA. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/Longer-term-strategy-of-PISA.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 collaborative problem-solving framework. Paris: OECD Publishing.https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/Draft%20PISA%202015%20Collaborative%20Problem%20Solving%20Framework%20.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21). (2007). Framework for 21st century learning. http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework adresinden alındı.
  • Partnership for 21st Century Learning (2015). P21 Framework Definitions. http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework adresinden alındı.
  • Peeters, H., and Lievens, F. (2005). Situational judgment tests and their predictiveness of college students’ success: The influence of faking. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65(1), 70-89. doi: 10.1177/0013164404268672
  • Schmitt, N., Oswald, F. L., Kim, B. H., Imus, A., Merritt, S., Friede, A., and Shiypuri, S. (2007). The use of background and ability profiles to predict college student outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 165–179.
  • Selçuk, Z., Palancı, M., Kandemir, M. ve Dündar, H. (2014). Eğitim ve bilim dergisinde yayınlanan araştırmaların eğilimleri: İçerik analizi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(173), 430-453.
  • Soland, J., Hamilton, L. S., and Stecher, B. M. (2013). Measuring 21st century competencies guidance for educators. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
  • Taş, U. E., Arıcı, Ö., Özarkan, H. B. ve Özgürlük, B. (2016). PISA 2015 ulusal raporu. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. http://pisa.meb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/PISA2015_Ulusal_Rapor1.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Trilling, B. and Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Web: PARCC Prototyping Project, http://www.ccsstoolbox.com/parcc/PARCCPrototype_main.html adresinden alındı.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Derleme Makaleler
Authors

Seher Yalçın

Publication Date April 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 51 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yalçın, S. (2018). 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Bu Becerilerin Ölçülmesinde Kullanılan Araçlar ve Yaklaşımlar. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 51(1), 183-201. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.405860

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