BÜYÜK GÜÇLER ARASI REKABET ALANI OLARAK KÜRESEL ALTYAPI YARDIM GİRİŞİMLERİ

Year 2024, Issue: 63, 55 - 84, 28.06.2024

Yahya Gülseven

Abstract

Çin, dünya genelinde etkisi ve miktarı giderek artan dış yardımlarıyla küresel dış yardım mimarisinin önde gelen aktörlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle 2013 yılında başlayan Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi kapsamında gelişmekte olan ülkelere sağlanan büyük ölçekli altyapı yardımları, başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olmak üzere Batılı donör ülkelerin sert tepki ve eleştirilerine maruz kalmıştır. Çin’e yönelik bu tepkiler, eleştiri ve suçlamalarla sınır kalmamış, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri öncülüğünde G7 ülkeleri ve Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri “Daha İyi Bir Dünyayı Yeniden İnşa Et” (Build Back Better World) ve “Küresel Geçit” (Global Gateway) adını verdikleri, Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne alternatif olduğu iddia edilen büyük ölçekli kıtalar arası altyapı yardımı girişimleri ilan etmişlerdir. Çalışmamızın amacı birbirine rakip bu girişimlerin ortaya çıkardığı “dış yardım savaşları” ortamında kural ve kurumları İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri önderliğinde Batı Avrupalı donör ülkeler tarafından OECD Kalkınma Yardımı Komitesi (DAC) çatısı altında belirlenmiş olan küresel dış yardım mimarisinde değişim ve sürekliliği analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, kalkınma yardımları mimarisinin tarihsel gelişim süreci incelenerek Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin mevcut yardım mimarisinin yerine Çin liderliğinde yeni bir uluslararası kalkınma yardımı mimarisi oluşturabilme potansiyeli sorgulanacaktır.

Keywords

Dış Yardım, Çin, Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi, Küresel Geçit, Küresel Altyapı ve Yatırım Ortaklığı

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