ERKEN ÇOCUKLUKTA BAĞLANMA: JOHN BOWLBY VE MARY AINSWORTH AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 85 - 92, 01.01.2022

Gül Dalgar , Fatmana Civil Ecem Savaş Aytekin Şahin

https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.885024

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bağlanma, doğum öncesi dönemden başlayarak, bebeğin dünyaya geldiği ilk günlerden itibaren bakım veren kişi veya kişilerle duygusal olarak kurulan bir bağ olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bakım veren kişilerle kurulan bu bağların, çocukların kişiliği üzerine etkileri, bağlanma teorileri ile açıklanmaktadır. Erken çocukluktan itibaren bireylerin tüm yaşamını etkisi altına alan bağlanma teorisinin temelleri; John Bowlby tarafından ortaya atılmış, daha sonraları ise Mary Ainsworth ile birlikte yaptıkları çalışmalar sonucunda geliştirilmiştir. Ainsworth ise bağlanmayı yapmış olduğu deneysel ve gözlemsel çalışmalarıyla derinleştirmiştir. Bu sayede, bağlanma teorisi hem deneysel hem de teorik çalışmalarla desteklenmiştir. Erken çocukluk yıllarına dayandırılan bağlanma teorisi, Bowlby ve Ainsworth tarafından kişilerarası ilişkilerde temel düzenleyiciler olarak ifade edilmektedir. Erken çocuklukta bağlanma, çocukların kişi/kişiler veya nesne/nesnelerle kurduğu ilişkilerden etkilenerek, onların gelişim sürecinin tamamını etkilemekte ve en önemlisi kişiliklerinin oluşmasında, şekillenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, erken çocuklukta bağlanmanın John Bowlby ve Mary Ainsworth açısından incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, erken çocuklukta bağlanma teorisiyle ilgili olan Bowlby ve Ainsworth'ün çalışmaları incelenerek, erken çocukluk yıllarında; çocukların anne veya birincil bakıcılarıyla kurdukları ilişkiler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağlanma Teorisi, Erken Çocuklukta Bağlanma, John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth

ATTACHMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: AN EXAMINATION FROM JOHN BOWLBY AND MARY AINSWORTH

Öz

Attachment is defined as an emotional bond established with the caregiver or people starting from the prenatal period, starting from the first days of the baby's birth. The effects of these bonds with caregivers on children's personality are explained by attachment theories. The foundations of attachment theory, which has an impact on individuals' entire lives from early childhood; It was introduced by John Bowlby and later developed as a result of their work with Mary Ainsworth. Ainsworth deepened the attachment with his experimental and observational studies. In this way, attachment theory has been supported by both experimental and observational studies. Attachment theory, based on early childhood years, is expressed by Bowlby and Ainsworth as the main regulators in interpersonal relationships. Attachment in early childhood is influenced by the relationships that children establish with person / persons or objects / objects, influencing their entire development process, and most importantly, plays an important role in the formation and shaping of their personalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine attachment in early children in terms of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. For this purpose, by examining Bowlby and Ainsworth's studies on early childhood attachment theory, in early childhood years; The relationships the children establish with their mother or primary caregivers are discussed.

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