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Potansiyel Deniz Ürünleri Güvenliği Tehlikesi: Vibrio vulnificus

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 61 - 72, 01.07.2018

Atheer Jasim Mohammed Kamil Bostan

Abstract

Vibrio vulnificus, insanlarda vibriosis olarak adlandırılan bir hastalığa neden olabilen yaklaşık bir düzine Vibrio bakteri türünden biridir. Vibriolar doğal olarak kıyıya yakın sularda bulunur ve ve su sıcaklıkları arttığında çok yüksek sayılara ulaşabilir. İnsanlar çoğunlukla ham veya az pişmiş kabuklu deniz ürünleri yiyerek Vibrio vulnificus ile enfekte olurlar. Gıdalarla birlikte alındığında Vibrio vulnificus, kana karışarak yüksek teş ile seyreden septisemiye, tehlikeli seviyede düşük kan basıncına ve cilt lezyonlarının kabarmasına neden olabilir. Bu makalede Vibrio vulfnificus’un genel özellikleri, çevre ve gıdalardaki canlılığı, risk yönetimi ve kontrolü ile ilgili bilgiler özetlenmiştir



Keywords

Vibrio gıda patojeni deniz ürünleri gıda güvenliği

References

  • Anonymous (2005). Risk assessment of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters: interpretative summary and technical report, microbiological risk assessment series 8: Geneva: World Health Organization. Rome: Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Anonymous (2008). Guidelines for the validation of food safety control measures (CAC/GL 69–2008), Joint FAO. WHO Food Standards Program, FAO, Rome.
  • Arias, C.R., Pujalte, M.J., Garay, E. and Aznar, R. (1998). Genetic relatedness among environmental, clinical, and diseased-eel Vibrio vulnificus isolates from different geographic regions by ribotyping and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(9): 3403-3410.
  • Bisharat, N., Agmon, V., Finkelstein, R., Raz, R., Ben-Dror, G., Lerner, L., Soboh, S., Colodner, R., Cameron, D.N., Wykstra, D.L. and Swerdlow, D.L. (1999). Clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features of Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 3 causing outbreaks of wound infection and bacteraemia in Israel. The Lancet, 354: 1421- 1424.
  • Bross, M.H., Soch, K., Morales, R. and Mitchell, R.B. (2007). Vibrio vulnificus infection: diagnosis and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician, 76(4):539-544.
  • Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., Jofre, J. and Blanch, A.R. (2000). A selective medium and a specific probe for detection of Vibrio vulnificus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(2): 855-859.
  • Chiang, S.R. and Chuang, Y.C. (2003). Vibrio vulnificus infection: clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial therapy. Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 36(2): 81-88.
  • Chuang, Y.C., Yuan, C.Y., Liu, C.Y., Lan, C.K. and Huang, A.H.M. (1992). Vibrio vulnificus infection in Taiwan: report of 28 cases and review of clinical manifestations and treatment. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(2): 271-276.
  • DePaola, A., Capers, G.M. and Alexander, D. (1994). Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of fish from the US Gulf Coast. Applied and environmental microbiology, 60(3): 984-988.
  • Di, D.Y., Lee, A., Jang, J., Han, D. and Hur, H.G. (2017). Season-Specific Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. on the Southern Coast of South Korea. Applied snd Environmental Microbiology, 83: e02680-16.
  • Drake, S.L. (2008). The Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Oyster Harvest Sites in the Gulf of Mexico.
  • Froelich, B.A. and Noble, R.T. (2016). Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: managing risks to human health, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 371: 20150209.
  • Gholami, P., Lew, S. and Klontz, K. (1998). Raw shellfish consumption among renal disease patients: a risk factor for severe Vibrio vulnificus infection. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine, 15(3): 243-245.
  • Griffitt, K.J. and Grimes, D.J. (2013). A novel agar formulation for isolation and direct enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus from oyster tissue. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 94(2): 98-102.
  • Gomez-Gil, B., Thompson, C.C., Matsumura, Y., Sawabe, T., Iida, T., Christen, R., Thompson, F. and Sawabe, T. (2014). The Famlily Vibrionaceae, In The prokaryotes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Heasman, S.J. and Ridley, A.J. (2008). Mammalian Rho GTPases: new insights into their functions from in vivo studies. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 9(9): 690- 701.
  • Hamdan, R.H., Peng, T.L., Ong, B.L., Suhana, M.Y.S., Hamid, N.H., Afifah, M.N.F. and Raina, M.S. (2017). Antibiotics Resistance of Vibrio spp. Isolated from Diseased Seabass and Tilapia in Cage Culture, In Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology.
  • Han, F., Pu, S., Hou, A. and Ge, B. (2009). Characterization of clinical and environmental types of Vibrio vulnificus isolates from Louisiana oysters. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 6(10):1251-1258.
  • Haq, S.M. and Dayal, H.H. (2005). Chronic liver disease and consumption of raw oysters: a potentially lethal combination—a review of Vibrio vulnificus septicemia, The American journal of gastroenterology, 100(5): 1195- 1199.
  • Harwood, V.J., Gandhi, J.P. and Wright, A.C. (2004). Methods for isolation and confirmation of Vibrio vulnificus from oysters and environmental sources: a review. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 59(3): 301- 316.
  • Hlady, W.G. and Klontz, K.C. (1996). The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981–1993. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173(5): 1176-1183.
  • Horseman, M.A. and Surani, S., (2011). A comprehensive review of Vibrio vulnificus: an important cause of severe sepsis and skin and soft-tissue infection, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15(3):157-166.
  • Jones, M.K. and Oliver, J.D., (2009). Vibrio vulnificus: disease and pathogenesis, Infection and immunity, 77(5): 1723-1733.
  • Jones, J.L., Lydon, K.A., Kinsey, T.P., Friedman, B., Curtis, M., Schuster, R. and Bowers, J.C. (2017). Effects of ambient exposure, refrigeration, and icing on Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus abundances in oysters, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 253:54-58
  • Jung, S.I., Shin, D.H., Park, K.H., Shin, J.H. and Seo, M.S. (2005). Vibrio vulnificus endophthalmitis occurring after ingestion of raw seafood. Journal of Infection, 51(5): 281283.
  • Kaysner, C.A. and DePaola, A. (2001). Vibrio. Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of food, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
  • Kuhnt-Lenz, K., Krengel, S., Fetscher, S., Heer-Sonderhoff, A. and Solbach, W., (2004). Sepsis with bullous necrotizing skin lesions due to Vibrio vulnificus acquired through recreational activities in the Baltic Sea, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 23(1): 49-52.
  • Kumamoto, K.S. and Vukich, D.J. (1998). Clinical infections of Vibrio vulnificus: a case report and review of the literature, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(1): 61-66.
  • Lee, R.J. and Younger, A.D. (2002). Developing microbiological risk assessment for shellfish purification, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 50: 177-183.
  • Lin, M. and Schwarz, J.R. (2003). Seasonal shifts in population structure of Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment as revealed by partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 45(1): 23-27.
  • Lindquist, J. (2001). An introduction to bacterial identification, online information. http://www.jlindquist.net/ generalmicro/ 102bactid2.html. Accessed 2003 September 24.
  • Merkel, S.M., Alexander, S., Zufall, E., Oliver, J.D. and Huet-Hudson, Y.M., (2001). Essential Role for Estrogen in Protection against Vibrio vulnificus-Induced Endotoxin Shock. Infection and immunity, 69(10): 61196122.
  • Nazir, S., Brown, K., Shin, A.K. and Donato, A.A., (2016). Vibrio vulnificus infection and liver cirrhosis: a potentially lethal combination. BMJ case reports, 2016, p.bcr2016214772.
  • Penland, R.L., Boniuk, M. and Wilhelmus, K.R., (2000). Vibrio ocular infections on the US Gulf Coast. Cornea, 19(1): 26-29.
  • Phippen, B.L. and Oliver, J.D. (2017). Impact of hypoxia on gene expression patterns by the human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, and bacterial community composition in a North Carolina estuary. GeoHealth, 1(1): 37-50.
  • Poirier, M., Listmann, L. and Roth, O. (2017). Selection by higher‐order effects of salinity and bacteria on early life‐stages of Western Baltic spring‐spawning herring. Evolutionary Applications, 5: 192–201
  • Pfeffer, C.S., Hite, M.F. and Oliver, J.D. (2003). Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus in estuarine waters of eastern North Carolina. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(6): 3526-3531.
  • Scoging, A.C. (1991). Illness associated with seafood. CDR, 1(11):117-122.
  • Shapiro, R.L., Altekruse, S., Hutwagner, L., Bishop, R., Hammond, R., Wilson, S., Ray, B., Thompson, S., Tauxe, R.V. and Griffin, P.M. (1998). The role of Gulf Coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988–1996. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 178(3): 752-759.
  • Starks, A.M., Schoeb, T.R., Tamplin, M.L., Parveen, S., Doyle, T.J., Bomeisl, P.E., Escudero, G.M. and Gulig, P.A., (2000). Pathogenesis of infection by clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus in iron-dextran-treated mice. Infection and Immunity, 68(10): 5785-5793.
  • Strom, M.S. and Paranjpye, R.N. (2000). Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. Microbes and infection, 2(2): 177188.
  • Su, H.P., Chiu, S.I., Tsai, J.L., Lee, C.L. and Pan, T.M. (2005). Bacterial food-borne illness outbreaks in northern Taiwan, 1995– 2001. Journal of İnfection and Chemotherapy, 11(3):146-151.
  • Tiger, C., (2017). Bacterial Diseases and Their Impact on Public Health, Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology, 1(2).
  • Tison, D.L., Nishibuchi, M., Greenwood, J.D. and Seidler, R.J. (1982). Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 2: new biogroup pathogenic for eels, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44(3): 640-646.
  • Thompson, F.L., Iida, T. and Swings, J. (2004). Biodiversity of Vibrios. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 68(3): 403- 431.
  • Warner, J.M., and Oliver, J.D. (1999). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus and other Vibrio species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65:1141–1144.
  • Wang, S. and Levin, R.E. (2005). Quantification of Vibrio vulnificus using the polymerase chain reaction. Food Biotechnology, 19(1): 27-35
  • Wright, A.C., Miceli, G.A., Landry, W.L., Christy, J.B., Watkins, W.D. and Morris, J.G. (1993). Rapid identification of Vibrio vulnificus on nonselective media with an alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probe, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59(2): 541-546.
  • Yesmin, F., (2016.) Study of the microbiological status of mineral drinking water of Dhaka city. Doctoral Dissertation. Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Yu, W., Shen, X., Pan, H., Xiao, T., Shen, P. and Xiao, Y. (2017). Clinical features and treatment of patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 59:1-6.

Potential Seafood Safety Hazard: Vibro vulnificus

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 61 - 72, 01.07.2018

Atheer Jasim Mohammed Kamil Bostan

Abstract

Vibrio vulnificus is one of about a dozen species of Vibrio bacteria that can cause human illness, called vibriosis. Vibrio naturally live in certain coastal waters and are present in higher concentrations when water temperatures are warmer. People most often become infected with Vibrio vulnificus by eating raw or undercooked shellfish. Vibrio vulnificus can cause primary septicemia, a bloodstream infection with including fever, dangerously low blood pressure, and blistering skin lesions when taken with food. This review summarizes the general characteristics, survival in the environment and food, risk assessment and Control of Vibrio vulnificus

Keywords

Vibrio food pathogen seafood food safety

References

  • Anonymous (2005). Risk assessment of Vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters: interpretative summary and technical report, microbiological risk assessment series 8: Geneva: World Health Organization. Rome: Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Anonymous (2008). Guidelines for the validation of food safety control measures (CAC/GL 69–2008), Joint FAO. WHO Food Standards Program, FAO, Rome.
  • Arias, C.R., Pujalte, M.J., Garay, E. and Aznar, R. (1998). Genetic relatedness among environmental, clinical, and diseased-eel Vibrio vulnificus isolates from different geographic regions by ribotyping and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(9): 3403-3410.
  • Bisharat, N., Agmon, V., Finkelstein, R., Raz, R., Ben-Dror, G., Lerner, L., Soboh, S., Colodner, R., Cameron, D.N., Wykstra, D.L. and Swerdlow, D.L. (1999). Clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features of Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 3 causing outbreaks of wound infection and bacteraemia in Israel. The Lancet, 354: 1421- 1424.
  • Bross, M.H., Soch, K., Morales, R. and Mitchell, R.B. (2007). Vibrio vulnificus infection: diagnosis and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician, 76(4):539-544.
  • Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., Jofre, J. and Blanch, A.R. (2000). A selective medium and a specific probe for detection of Vibrio vulnificus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(2): 855-859.
  • Chiang, S.R. and Chuang, Y.C. (2003). Vibrio vulnificus infection: clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial therapy. Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 36(2): 81-88.
  • Chuang, Y.C., Yuan, C.Y., Liu, C.Y., Lan, C.K. and Huang, A.H.M. (1992). Vibrio vulnificus infection in Taiwan: report of 28 cases and review of clinical manifestations and treatment. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(2): 271-276.
  • DePaola, A., Capers, G.M. and Alexander, D. (1994). Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of fish from the US Gulf Coast. Applied and environmental microbiology, 60(3): 984-988.
  • Di, D.Y., Lee, A., Jang, J., Han, D. and Hur, H.G. (2017). Season-Specific Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. on the Southern Coast of South Korea. Applied snd Environmental Microbiology, 83: e02680-16.
  • Drake, S.L. (2008). The Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Oyster Harvest Sites in the Gulf of Mexico.
  • Froelich, B.A. and Noble, R.T. (2016). Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: managing risks to human health, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 371: 20150209.
  • Gholami, P., Lew, S. and Klontz, K. (1998). Raw shellfish consumption among renal disease patients: a risk factor for severe Vibrio vulnificus infection. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine, 15(3): 243-245.
  • Griffitt, K.J. and Grimes, D.J. (2013). A novel agar formulation for isolation and direct enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus from oyster tissue. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 94(2): 98-102.
  • Gomez-Gil, B., Thompson, C.C., Matsumura, Y., Sawabe, T., Iida, T., Christen, R., Thompson, F. and Sawabe, T. (2014). The Famlily Vibrionaceae, In The prokaryotes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Heasman, S.J. and Ridley, A.J. (2008). Mammalian Rho GTPases: new insights into their functions from in vivo studies. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 9(9): 690- 701.
  • Hamdan, R.H., Peng, T.L., Ong, B.L., Suhana, M.Y.S., Hamid, N.H., Afifah, M.N.F. and Raina, M.S. (2017). Antibiotics Resistance of Vibrio spp. Isolated from Diseased Seabass and Tilapia in Cage Culture, In Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology.
  • Han, F., Pu, S., Hou, A. and Ge, B. (2009). Characterization of clinical and environmental types of Vibrio vulnificus isolates from Louisiana oysters. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 6(10):1251-1258.
  • Haq, S.M. and Dayal, H.H. (2005). Chronic liver disease and consumption of raw oysters: a potentially lethal combination—a review of Vibrio vulnificus septicemia, The American journal of gastroenterology, 100(5): 1195- 1199.
  • Harwood, V.J., Gandhi, J.P. and Wright, A.C. (2004). Methods for isolation and confirmation of Vibrio vulnificus from oysters and environmental sources: a review. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 59(3): 301- 316.
  • Hlady, W.G. and Klontz, K.C. (1996). The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981–1993. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173(5): 1176-1183.
  • Horseman, M.A. and Surani, S., (2011). A comprehensive review of Vibrio vulnificus: an important cause of severe sepsis and skin and soft-tissue infection, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15(3):157-166.
  • Jones, M.K. and Oliver, J.D., (2009). Vibrio vulnificus: disease and pathogenesis, Infection and immunity, 77(5): 1723-1733.
  • Jones, J.L., Lydon, K.A., Kinsey, T.P., Friedman, B., Curtis, M., Schuster, R. and Bowers, J.C. (2017). Effects of ambient exposure, refrigeration, and icing on Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus abundances in oysters, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 253:54-58
  • Jung, S.I., Shin, D.H., Park, K.H., Shin, J.H. and Seo, M.S. (2005). Vibrio vulnificus endophthalmitis occurring after ingestion of raw seafood. Journal of Infection, 51(5): 281283.
  • Kaysner, C.A. and DePaola, A. (2001). Vibrio. Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of food, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
  • Kuhnt-Lenz, K., Krengel, S., Fetscher, S., Heer-Sonderhoff, A. and Solbach, W., (2004). Sepsis with bullous necrotizing skin lesions due to Vibrio vulnificus acquired through recreational activities in the Baltic Sea, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 23(1): 49-52.
  • Kumamoto, K.S. and Vukich, D.J. (1998). Clinical infections of Vibrio vulnificus: a case report and review of the literature, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(1): 61-66.
  • Lee, R.J. and Younger, A.D. (2002). Developing microbiological risk assessment for shellfish purification, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 50: 177-183.
  • Lin, M. and Schwarz, J.R. (2003). Seasonal shifts in population structure of Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment as revealed by partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 45(1): 23-27.
  • Lindquist, J. (2001). An introduction to bacterial identification, online information. http://www.jlindquist.net/ generalmicro/ 102bactid2.html. Accessed 2003 September 24.
  • Merkel, S.M., Alexander, S., Zufall, E., Oliver, J.D. and Huet-Hudson, Y.M., (2001). Essential Role for Estrogen in Protection against Vibrio vulnificus-Induced Endotoxin Shock. Infection and immunity, 69(10): 61196122.
  • Nazir, S., Brown, K., Shin, A.K. and Donato, A.A., (2016). Vibrio vulnificus infection and liver cirrhosis: a potentially lethal combination. BMJ case reports, 2016, p.bcr2016214772.
  • Penland, R.L., Boniuk, M. and Wilhelmus, K.R., (2000). Vibrio ocular infections on the US Gulf Coast. Cornea, 19(1): 26-29.
  • Phippen, B.L. and Oliver, J.D. (2017). Impact of hypoxia on gene expression patterns by the human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, and bacterial community composition in a North Carolina estuary. GeoHealth, 1(1): 37-50.
  • Poirier, M., Listmann, L. and Roth, O. (2017). Selection by higher‐order effects of salinity and bacteria on early life‐stages of Western Baltic spring‐spawning herring. Evolutionary Applications, 5: 192–201
  • Pfeffer, C.S., Hite, M.F. and Oliver, J.D. (2003). Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus in estuarine waters of eastern North Carolina. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(6): 3526-3531.
  • Scoging, A.C. (1991). Illness associated with seafood. CDR, 1(11):117-122.
  • Shapiro, R.L., Altekruse, S., Hutwagner, L., Bishop, R., Hammond, R., Wilson, S., Ray, B., Thompson, S., Tauxe, R.V. and Griffin, P.M. (1998). The role of Gulf Coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988–1996. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 178(3): 752-759.
  • Starks, A.M., Schoeb, T.R., Tamplin, M.L., Parveen, S., Doyle, T.J., Bomeisl, P.E., Escudero, G.M. and Gulig, P.A., (2000). Pathogenesis of infection by clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus in iron-dextran-treated mice. Infection and Immunity, 68(10): 5785-5793.
  • Strom, M.S. and Paranjpye, R.N. (2000). Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. Microbes and infection, 2(2): 177188.
  • Su, H.P., Chiu, S.I., Tsai, J.L., Lee, C.L. and Pan, T.M. (2005). Bacterial food-borne illness outbreaks in northern Taiwan, 1995– 2001. Journal of İnfection and Chemotherapy, 11(3):146-151.
  • Tiger, C., (2017). Bacterial Diseases and Their Impact on Public Health, Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology, 1(2).
  • Tison, D.L., Nishibuchi, M., Greenwood, J.D. and Seidler, R.J. (1982). Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 2: new biogroup pathogenic for eels, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44(3): 640-646.
  • Thompson, F.L., Iida, T. and Swings, J. (2004). Biodiversity of Vibrios. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 68(3): 403- 431.
  • Warner, J.M., and Oliver, J.D. (1999). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus and other Vibrio species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65:1141–1144.
  • Wang, S. and Levin, R.E. (2005). Quantification of Vibrio vulnificus using the polymerase chain reaction. Food Biotechnology, 19(1): 27-35
  • Wright, A.C., Miceli, G.A., Landry, W.L., Christy, J.B., Watkins, W.D. and Morris, J.G. (1993). Rapid identification of Vibrio vulnificus on nonselective media with an alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probe, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59(2): 541-546.
  • Yesmin, F., (2016.) Study of the microbiological status of mineral drinking water of Dhaka city. Doctoral Dissertation. Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Yu, W., Shen, X., Pan, H., Xiao, T., Shen, P. and Xiao, Y. (2017). Clinical features and treatment of patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 59:1-6.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Derleme
Authors

Atheer Jasim Mohammed This is me

Kamil Bostan

Publication Date July 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mohammed, A. J., & Bostan, K. (2018). Potential Seafood Safety Hazard: Vibro vulnificus. Aydın Gastronomy, 2(2), 61-72.
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