Psikolojik Müdahalelerde Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar: Güncel Duruma Dair Genel Bir Bakış

Abstract

Günümüzde işe yarar ve de etkili olduğunu iddia eden pek çok farklı psikolojik müdahale veya psikoterapi yaklaşımı ile karşılaşmak mümkündür. Bu karmaşayı ve kötüye kullanma olasılığını gidermek üzere Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği (APA), özellikle işe yararlık ve etkililiğin ne olduğu uluslararası alanda da kabul gören objektif ölçütler belirlemiş; bunları da geliştirerek Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar (KTU) yaklaşımını başlatmıştır. Bu yaklaşımda tek başına belirli sorunlara özgü etkin sonuçlar ürettiğini ispatlayan nitelikli bilimsel araştırma bulguları ile danışan tercihleri ve terapist özelliklerinin de harmanlanması temel alınmaktadır. Bu makalede, Türkiye’de klinik psikoloji alanında bu yaklaşıma yönelik farkındalığın arttırılması amacıyla, yaklaşımın tarihsel arka planı ve temel prensipleri detaylıca açıklanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, APA’nın 12. Birimi olan Klinik Psikoloji Topluluğu’nun internet sayfasında yer alan ve KTU yaklaşımının temelini oluşturan Ampirik Olarak Desteklenen Tedavi Yöntemleri listesinden bahsedilmiş; ardından alanyazında KTU yaklaşımına yönelik var olan bilimsel çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Son olarak, alanyazındaki çalışmalardan hareketle KTU yaklaşımının tanınması ve uygulanır hale gelmesi adına atılabilecek adımlara yönelik belli çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Ampirik Olarak Desteklenen Tedavi Yöntemleri
• farkındalık
• Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar
• uygulama
• yayılma

Evidence Based Practice on Psychological Interventions: A Literature Review on Current Situation

Abstract

Numerous psychological interventions and psychotherapy approaches claim they are effective and functional. To prevent confusion and potential misuse, the American Psychological Association (APA) has established objective criteria for the efficiency and functionality of these approaches that were also internationally agreed upon. Then, it ultimately announced the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) approach in clinical psychology. This approach merges robust scientific research findings highlighting influential outcomes on certain psychological problems with client preferences and clinician features. In order to raise awareness in the field of clinical psychology in Turkey, this article first outlines the fundamental characteristics and basics of the EBP, as well as its historical context. Moreover, the Society of Clinical Psychology website is the 12th section of the APA that includes a list of psychological interventions announced as Empirically Supported Treatments and relevant resources. Finally, general findings and discussions obtained in the scientific literature review on the concept of the EBP were presented, and later, an evaluation of studies on the dissemination and implementation of the EBP was focused. Relevant implications were also presented based on the current findings of this article.

Keywords

• Emprically Supported Treatments
• awareness
• Evidence Based Practice
• implementation
• dissemination

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