Case Report
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A Depressive Case Report: Using Metaphor and its Changing Meaning throughout the Psychotherapy Process

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 85 - 101, 25.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.456726

Abstract

The psychotherapeutic discourse provides researchers a fruitful content to investigate
the theoretical properties of metaphors. In the current article, metaphorical
expressions were explored through a clinical case report. The male patient who
applied to our clinic with depressive complaints was chosen for this investigation. “A
boy throwing stones” was a very comprehensive metaphor which interacted with the
various aspects of the treatment process. The expressions and functions of the
selected metaphor were explained in the six-stage model. The change in metaphor
throughout the treatment process was analyzed with the help of voice records and
session notes. At the early stages of the sessions, “a boy throwing stones” was
perceived as furious, harmful and disturbing. However, in the following sessions, the
qualities of the metaphor had dramatically changed. The patient stated that a boy
might want to warn him about some threats and protect him from adverse outcomes.
In conclusion, consistent with the positive changes in the depressive symptoms, the
content of the metaphor had also changed. 

References

  • Barlow, J. M., Pollio, H. R., & Fine, H. J. (1977). Insight and figurative language to psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 14, 212-222.
  • Carmichael, K. D. (2000). Using a metaphor in working with disaster survivors. Journal of Specialists in Group Work, 25 (1), 7-15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design Choosing among five approaches (2. Baskı). USA: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Gordon, R. M. (1978). Emotion labeling and cognition. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 8(2), 125-135.
  • Hamburg, S. R. (2018). Metaphoric tasks in psychotherapy: Case studies of “Margie’s” Self-Image and “Amy’s” Pain. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 13(4) 284-328.
  • Kopp, R. R. (1995). Metaphor therapy: Using client-generated metaphors in psychotherapy. New York: Brunnel/Mazel.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lapsekili, N. & Yelboğa, Z. (2014). Psikiyatride metafor kullanımı, Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 3(2), 116-125.
  • Levitt, H., Korman Y., & Angus, L. (2000). A metaphor analysis in treatments of depression: Metaphor as a marker of change. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 13(1), 23-35.
  • Lyddon, W. J., Clay, A. L. & Sparks, C. L. (2001). Metaphor and change in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79(3), 269-274.
  • McMullen, L. M. (2008). Putting it in context. R. W. Gibbs, Jr. (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought içinde, (ss. 397-411). Cambrie, K: Cambridge University Press.
  • McMullen, L. M., & Conway, J. B. (1996). Conceptualizing the figurative expressions of psychotherapy clients. J. S. Mio & A. N. Katz (Ed.), Metaphor: implications and applications içinde (ss. 59- 72). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • McMullen, L. M. (2018). When skill and wisdom merge. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 13(4) 329-337.
  • Merrian-Webster, (2011). Metaphor, 20.04.2018 tarihinde http://www.mmerriam-webster.com/dictionary/metaphor adresinden alındı.
  • Modell, A. (2009). Metaphor: The bridge between feelings and knowledge. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 29, 6-11.
  • Robert, T. & Kelly, V. A. (2010). Metaphor as an instrument for orchestrating change in counselor training and the counseling process. Journal of Counseling and Psychiatrists, 16(6). 391-396.
  • Rule, W. R. & Bishop, M. (2006). Adlerian lifestyle counseling, New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Sims, P. A., & Whynot, C. A. (1997). Hearing metaphor: An approach to working with family-generated metaphor. Family Process, 36(4), 341-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1997.00341.x
  • Sims, P. A. (2003). Working with metaphor. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 57(4), 528-536.
  • Stott, R., Mansell, W., Salkovskis, P., Lavender, A., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2010). Oxford guide to metaphors in CBT. Building cognitive bridges. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Tay, D. (2013). Metaphor in psychotherapy. a descriptive and prescriptive analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Tay, D. (2014). Metaphor theory for counselling professionals. J. Littlemore and J. R. Taylor (Ed.), The Bloomsbury companion to Cognitive Linguistic içinde (ss. 352-367). London, UK: Bloomsbury.
  • Tay, D. (2017). Exploring the metaphor-body-psychotherapy relationship. Metaphor and Symbol, 32(3), 178-191.
  • Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 5(1), 1-6.

Psikoterapide Metafor Kullanımı ve Değişen Anlamı: Depresif Bir Olgu Sunumu

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 85 - 101, 25.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.456726

Abstract

Metaforların teorik özelliklerinin incelenebilmesi için, söylem aktivitesi olarak
psikoterapi süreci, araştırmacılara oldukça zengin bir içerik sağlamaktadır. Bu
makalede, psikoterapi sürecinde ortaya çıkan metaforik anlatımlar seçilen bir metafor
ve vaka özelinde ele alınacaktır. Olgu sunumu için, kliniğimize kendi isteğiyle depresif
şikâyetlerle başvuran, erkek bir hasta seçilmiştir. Bu olgu sunumunda seçilen “taş
atan çocuk” metaforu, tedavi sürecinde pek çok farklı alan ile etkileşim halinde
olmuştur. Bu metaforik anlatım ve işlevi, vaka ile yürütülen psikoterapi süreci
paralelinde 6 aşamalı bir model üzerinden ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Vakanın ses
kayıtları ve seans notları incelenerek, süreçteki metafor değişimi incelenmiştir.
Görüşmelerin başlangıcında, “taş atan çocuk”, öfkeli, zarar vermeye çalışan, keyif
kaçıran ve anın yaşanmasına engel olan şeklinde nitelenmiştir. Ancak ilerleyen
seanslarda, bu çocuğun hastayı korumaya ve uyarmaya çalışan tarafları da fark
edilmeye başlanmıştır. Sonuçta, hastanın depresif duygu durumundaki değişime
paralel olarak, metaforun açıklanma biçimin de değiştiği görülmüştür. 

References

  • Barlow, J. M., Pollio, H. R., & Fine, H. J. (1977). Insight and figurative language to psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 14, 212-222.
  • Carmichael, K. D. (2000). Using a metaphor in working with disaster survivors. Journal of Specialists in Group Work, 25 (1), 7-15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design Choosing among five approaches (2. Baskı). USA: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Gordon, R. M. (1978). Emotion labeling and cognition. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 8(2), 125-135.
  • Hamburg, S. R. (2018). Metaphoric tasks in psychotherapy: Case studies of “Margie’s” Self-Image and “Amy’s” Pain. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 13(4) 284-328.
  • Kopp, R. R. (1995). Metaphor therapy: Using client-generated metaphors in psychotherapy. New York: Brunnel/Mazel.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lapsekili, N. & Yelboğa, Z. (2014). Psikiyatride metafor kullanımı, Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 3(2), 116-125.
  • Levitt, H., Korman Y., & Angus, L. (2000). A metaphor analysis in treatments of depression: Metaphor as a marker of change. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 13(1), 23-35.
  • Lyddon, W. J., Clay, A. L. & Sparks, C. L. (2001). Metaphor and change in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79(3), 269-274.
  • McMullen, L. M. (2008). Putting it in context. R. W. Gibbs, Jr. (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought içinde, (ss. 397-411). Cambrie, K: Cambridge University Press.
  • McMullen, L. M., & Conway, J. B. (1996). Conceptualizing the figurative expressions of psychotherapy clients. J. S. Mio & A. N. Katz (Ed.), Metaphor: implications and applications içinde (ss. 59- 72). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • McMullen, L. M. (2018). When skill and wisdom merge. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 13(4) 329-337.
  • Merrian-Webster, (2011). Metaphor, 20.04.2018 tarihinde http://www.mmerriam-webster.com/dictionary/metaphor adresinden alındı.
  • Modell, A. (2009). Metaphor: The bridge between feelings and knowledge. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 29, 6-11.
  • Robert, T. & Kelly, V. A. (2010). Metaphor as an instrument for orchestrating change in counselor training and the counseling process. Journal of Counseling and Psychiatrists, 16(6). 391-396.
  • Rule, W. R. & Bishop, M. (2006). Adlerian lifestyle counseling, New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Sims, P. A., & Whynot, C. A. (1997). Hearing metaphor: An approach to working with family-generated metaphor. Family Process, 36(4), 341-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1997.00341.x
  • Sims, P. A. (2003). Working with metaphor. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 57(4), 528-536.
  • Stott, R., Mansell, W., Salkovskis, P., Lavender, A., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2010). Oxford guide to metaphors in CBT. Building cognitive bridges. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Tay, D. (2013). Metaphor in psychotherapy. a descriptive and prescriptive analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Tay, D. (2014). Metaphor theory for counselling professionals. J. Littlemore and J. R. Taylor (Ed.), The Bloomsbury companion to Cognitive Linguistic içinde (ss. 352-367). London, UK: Bloomsbury.
  • Tay, D. (2017). Exploring the metaphor-body-psychotherapy relationship. Metaphor and Symbol, 32(3), 178-191.
  • Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 5(1), 1-6.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Tuğba Uyar Suiçmez

Publication Date February 25, 2019
Submission Date September 2, 2018
Acceptance Date February 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uyar Suiçmez, T. (2019). Psikoterapide Metafor Kullanımı ve Değişen Anlamı: Depresif Bir Olgu Sunumu. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.456726