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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türkoloji</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1727-060X</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2664-3162</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>MOHAÇ MUHAREBESİ ARİFESİNDE OSMANLILARA KARŞI AVRUPA’DA KOALİSYON ARAYIŞLARI VE MACARİSTAN</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="kk">
                                    <trans-title>МОХАЧ ШАЙҚАСЫ ҚАРСАҢЫНДА ЕУРОПАДАҒЫ ОСМАНЛЫЛАРҒА ҚАРСЫ КОАЛИЦИЯ ІЗДЕНІСТЕРІ ЖӘНЕ МАЖАРСТАН</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>HUNGARY ON THE EVE OF THE BATTLE OF MOHACS AND SEEKING COALITION IN EUROPE AGAINST THE OTTOMANS</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
                                    <trans-title>ВЕНГРИЯ НАКАНУНЕ БИТВЫ ПРИ МОХАЧЕ И ПОИСКИ КОАЛИЦИИ В ЕВРОПЕ ПРОТИВ ОСМАН</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7727-0728</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çapraz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hüseyin Şevket Çağatay</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Kırklareli Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20221226">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>26</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>112</issue>
                                        <fpage>219</fpage>
                                        <lpage>236</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20221104">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20221121">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2002, Türkoloji</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2002</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Türkoloji</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Mohaç’tan önceki Macar Krallığı’nın Avrupa’daki yeri ve politik manevra kabiliyeti, Osmanlı-Macar bağlantılarının etraflı tetkiki zemininde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Böylece Budin yönetiminin Avrupa diplomasisinde işgal ettiği yer ve Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn’a karşı politik mevcudiyetini sürdürme girişimleri net bir şekilde ortaya konabilecektir. Bu suretle çalışmada Macar dış politikasında doğrudan etkiye sahip gelişmeler merkeze alınmıştır. Zaman aralığı olarak 1521-1522 seneleri belirlenmiştir. Böylece Macaristan’ın fethine cihet eden Osmanlı akınları başlangıç noktası kabul edilmiştir. Hadiseler Avrupa’daki güç dengelerini temelden sarsan ve Macar Krallığı’nın daha fazla dayanamayacağını işaret eden Rodos’un fethine kadar getirilmiştir. Söz konusu süreçte Macaristan’ın iç kriz belirtilerini gözden geçirmek gaye edinilmediğinden ülkenin iç siyasî ve iktisadî koşullarına değinilmemiştir. Nihayet incelemede Batı Avrupa monarklarının Macar Krallığı’na siyasî ve askerî açıdan yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca çok katmanlı ilişkilerin karmaşık niteliği ile Macaristan’ın Avrupa’nın batısından uzakta kalması nedeniyle yaşadığı yalnızlık yansıtılmak istenmiştir. Aslına bakılırsa Sultan Süleyman’ın fetih gayretlerine kadar Macaristan’ın dış politikasındaki yegâne unsurun Osmanlı tehdidi olduğu söylenemez. Türk tehlikesine rağmen Macar kralları Zsigmond, Mátyás ve bir dereceye kadar Jagiellon Hanedanı Avrupa siyasetinde sadece gözlemci değil, aynı zamanda yönlendiricidir. İlgili kapsamda tahliller, Macar Krallığı’nın yıkılış sürecinde söz konusu politik ilişki ağının karakterini resmetmeye niyetlenmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="kk">
                            <p>Мажарстан Корольдігінің Еуропадағы Мохачқа дейінгі орны мен саяси қабілетілігі, Османлы-Мажарстан байланыстарын орнатуда үлкен маңызға ие болды. Осылайша Будин әкімшілігінің Еуропа дипломатиясында алатын орны мен Диван-ы Хумаюнға қарсы саяси қатынасын сақтауға тырысқанын нақты айтуға болады. Бұл зерттеуде Мажарстанның сыртқы саясатына тікелей әсер ететін оқиғалар ескерілген. 1521-1922 жылдар кезеңі негізге алынған. Осылайша Мажарстанды жаулап алуға әрекет еткен Османлы жорықшылары бастапқы шабуылды белгіледі. Еуропадағы күштердің тепе-теңдігін бұзып, Мажарстан королдігіне нұқсан келтіріп, іс-әрекеттер нәтижесінде Родос жаулап алды. Аталған процесте Мажарстанның дағдарыс барысын қарастыру мақсат етілмегендіктен, елдің ішкі саяси және экономикалық жағдайлары қарастырылмады. Соңында Батыс Еуропа монархтарының Мажар королдігіне қатысты саяси және әскери тұрғыдан көзқарасы қарастырылады. Сондай-ақ, көп салалы қарым-қатынастардың күрделі сипатымен қатар, Мажарстан Еуропаның батысынан алыс болғандықтан оның жалқылығын көрсету басты назарда болды. Шын мәнінде, Сұлтан Сүлейманның жаулап алу әрекеттеріне дейін  Мажарстанның сыртқы саясатындағы тек себеп Османлы қаупі деп айтуға болмайды.  Мажар корольдері түркілерден төнген қауіпке қарамастан, Зигмонд, Матьяс, Ягеллон әулеті Еуропалық саясатта бақылаушы ғана емес, жол көрсетуші де болды. Мажар корольдігінің ыдырау кезеңінде қарастырылып отырған саяси қатынастардың сипатын көрсетіліп, тиісті көлемде талдау жасалды.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The place of the Hungarian Kingdom before Mohacs in Europe and its political maneuverability are of great importance in the comprehensive analysis of Ottoman-Hungarian connections. Thus, the place occupied by the Buda administration in European diplomacy and its attempts to maintain its political presence against the Sublime Porte [Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn] will be clearly revealed. In this way, developments that have a direct impact on Hungarian foreign policy are centered in this study.The time interval was determined as the years 1521-1522. Thus, the Ottoman raids that led to the conquest of Hungary were accepted as the starting point. The events were brought up to the conquest of Rhodes, which shook the balance of power in Europe and pointed out that the Hungarian Kingdom could not hold out any longer. In the aforementioned process, it was not aimed to review the signs of internal crisis in Hungary. For this reason, the domestic political and economic conditions of the country were not mentioned. Finally, the political and military approach of the Western European monarchs to the Hungarian Kingdom is discussed. In addition, the complex nature of multi-layered relations and the loneliness of Hungary due to being away from the west of Europe were tried to be reflected.As a matter of fact, it cannot be said that the only factor in Hungary&#039;s foreign policy was the Ottoman threat until the conquest efforts of Sultan Suleiman. Despite the Turkish threat, the Hungarian kings Sigismund, Matthias Corvinus and to some extent the Jagiellonian Dynasty are not only observers but also guides in European politics. In the relevant context, the analyzes are intended to illustrate the characteristics of the political relationship network in during the collapse of the Hungarian Kingdom.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
                            <p>Место Венгерского королевства перед Мохачем в Европе и его политическая маневренность имеют большое значение для всестороннего анализа османско-венгерских связей. Таким образом, можно четко заявить, что администрация Будина пыталась сохранить свои позиции в европейской дипломатии и свои политические отношения против Диван-и Хумаюна. В данном исследовании основное внимание уделяется событиям, оказывающим непосредственное влияние на внешнюю политику Венгрии.Временной интервал был определен как 1521-1522 годы. В следствии этого, за отправную точку были приняты османские набеги, приведшие к завоеванию Венгрии. События были доведены до завоевания Родоса, что пошатнуло баланс сил в Европе и указало на то, что Венгерское королевство не может больше сопротивляться. Вышеупомянутый процесс не был направлен на рассмотрение признаков внутреннего кризиса в Венгрии. По этой причине внутриполитические и экономические условия страны не упоминались. Обсуждается политический и военный подход западноевропейских монархов к Венгерскому королевству. Кроме того, в данном исследовании попытались отразить сложный характер многослойных отношений и одиночество Венгрии из-за удаленности от запада Европы.На самом деле нельзя сказать, что единственным фактором внешней политики Венгрии была османская угроза до завоевания султаном Сулейманом. Несмотря на турецкую угрозу, венгерские короли Сигизмунд, Матиас Корвинус и в какой-то мере династия Ягеллонов являются не только наблюдателями, но и проводниками в европейской политике. В соответствующем контексте анализ призван проиллюстрировать характеристики сети политических отношений во время распада Венгерского королевства.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Osmanlı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Habsburg</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Macar Krallığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İngiltere</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Fransa</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Venedik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Windsor Antlaşması</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="kk">
                                                    <kwd>Османлы</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Габсбург</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Мажар корольдігі</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Англия</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Франция</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Венеция</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Виндзор келісімі</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Ottoman</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Habsburg</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hungarian Kingdom</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  England</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  France</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Venice</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Windsor Treaty</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
                                                    <kwd>Османская империя</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Габсбурги</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Венгерское королевство</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Англия</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Франция</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Венеция</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Виндзорский договор</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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