İki çalı çekirgesi üzerinde doğal bağışıklık parametrelerinden fenoloksidaz aktivitesi ile litik aktivitenin ve hemolimfteki protein konsantrasyonunun yöntemsel olarak belirlenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 51 - 62, 01.06.2016

Hasan Sevgili

Abstract

Omurgasızlarda doğal bağışıklık sistemi patojenlere karşı aktive olan oldukça çeşitli ve özgün tepkiler içeren humoral aktivitelere sahiptir. Böceklerde, bu önemli anahtar immün parametrelerden ikisi fenoloksidaz yolağı ve litik aktivitedir. Lizozimler bakteri hücre duvarındaki peptidoglikanları çözen bir grup enzim olup pek çok böcek grubunda bakteri savunması ile bağlantılıdır. Litik aktivite bakteri hücrelerinin hemolimfteki tahrip yeteneğinin in vitro olarak ölçülmesiyle saptanabilir. Fenoloksidaz omurgasızların immün sisteminde anahtar bir enzim olup, hemolimfte yabancı bir cisim saptandığında salgılanır. Dolayısıyla fenoloksidaz aktivitesi (PO) organizmaların yabancı istilacılara karşı savunmada rol alan immün sistemin yeteneğiyle ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada ilk kez barbitistin (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae) çalıçekirgelerinden iki türde (Isophya speciosa, Poecilimon similis), bu iki anahtar immün parametrenin ölçülmesi yöntemi sınanmıştır. Her iki tür için aynı yaştaki 10 erkek 10 dişiden mikroşırınga ile çekilen farklı miktarlardaki hemolimf konsantrasyonundaki (3, 6, 8, 10 μl) PO ve litik aktiviteler optik yoğunluk bakımından mikroplaka okuyucu ile ölçülmüştür. Buna ilave olarak her iki tür için hemolimfteki protein konsantrasyonu da belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda daha önce grillid ve bazı diğer böcek gruplarında uygulanan yöntemlerin, küçük değişikliklerle çalıçekirgeleri için de kullanılabileceği önerilmiştir. Ancak, hemolifteki toplam litik aktivitenin ölçümünde daha iyi sonuçlar elde etmek için daha fazla hemolimf miktarına gerek duyulduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışma barbitistin çekirge türleri üzerinde ileride yapılacak immün çalışmalar için yol gösterici olacaktır.

Keywords

Doğal bağışıklık, fenoloksidaz aktivitesi, litik aktivite, protein konsantrasyonu, hemolimf, çalı çekirgesi

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