Wood Incentive Policies and Effects in the Construction Sector

Year 2023, Issue: Special Issue - Special Issue, 48 - 64, 23.06.2023

Muhammet Emin Şişman , Burcu Balaban Ökten

Abstract

The human population and urbanization are increasing day by day in the world. According to the United Nations reports, this situation will continue to uprise. The grow in population and urbanization causes the increase of multi-storey buildings, which constitute the physical infrastructure of urban areas. Most of these structures are built with materials such as cement and steel, which are exposed or processed by intensive fossil-energy-based industrial processes. Overproduction and use of these currently preferred materials have an important role in the depletion of limited material resources and the poisoning of the atmosphere, water and soils.
In the face of this problem that concerns the whole world, multi-storey wooden structures come to the fore as a remarkable alternative. Wood has become suitable for multi-storey buildings thanks to the developing technologies, besides its many bright spots such as being carbon storage, having sustainable production without harming the environment and easy processing. So that it has started to be preferred in multi-storey buildings in many countries, especially in Finland, Sweden, Japan, America and Canada. However, the increase in the construction rates of multi-storey wooden structures has not occurred in a short time and spontaneously in any country, where reinforced concrete and steel construction systems are dominant. A gradual spread has been achieved thanks to the strategic initiatives and incentive policies that differed according to the situation of the countries.
In this article, wood incentive policies in countries around the world, their contents, the years they entered into force and the changes in the wood construction sector after the implementation of the policies were examined through the literature. In addition, the proportional increases in timber house constructions of 6 countries over the years after the wood incentive policies were revealed. In this way, it has been tried to present a comprehensive picture of wood construction policies on a global scale and the effects of policies on the timber construction sector.

Keywords

Wood, Structural Timber, Multi-storey wooden building, Housing, Incentive policies

Yapı Sektöründe Ahşap Teşvik Politikaları ve Etkileri

Abstract

Dünyada insan nüfusu ve kentleşme her geçen gün artmaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletler raporlarına bakılacak olursa bu durum artarak devam edecektir. Nüfus ve kentleşmedeki artış kentsel alanların fiziki altyapısını oluşturan konut, ofis ve okul gibi fonksiyonlara sahip çok katlı yapıların da çoğalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu yapıların büyük çoğunluğu ise bilindiği üzere yoğun fosil-enerji tabanlı endüstriyel süreçlerle açığa çıkarılan veya işlenen çimento ve çelik gibi materyallerle inşa edilmektedir. Halihazırda tercih edilen bu malzemelerin fazla üretimi ve kullanılması; dünyadaki sınırlı maddi kaynakların tükenmesi ile atmosferin, suyun ve toprakların zehirlenmesinde önemli paya sahiptir.
Dünyanın genelini ilgilendiren bu problem karşısında ahşap yapıların yaygınlaştırılması oldukça dikkat çeken bir alternatif olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ahşap; karbon tutma, çevreye zarar vermeden sürdürülebilir bir şekilde üretilebilme, kolay işlenebilme özelliklerinin yanı sıra günümüzde gelişen teknolojiler sayesinde çok katlı yapılar için de elverişli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle Finlandiya, İsveç, Amerika ve Kanada başta olmak üzere birçok ülkede çok katlı yapılarda da tercih edilmeye başlamıştır. Ancak, betonarme ve çelik yapım sistemlerinin hâkim olduğu yapı sektöründe çok katlı ahşap yapıların inşa oranlarının artabilmesi hiçbir ülkede kısa sürede ve kendiliğinden oluşmamaktadır. Ülkelerin durumlarına göre farklılaşan stratejik girişimler ve teşvik politikaları sayesinde yavaş yavaş bir yaygınlaşma gerçekleşebilmektedir.
Bu makalede, dünya genelinde ülkelerdeki ahşap teşvik politikaları, içerikleri, yürürlüğe girdikleri yıllar ve politikaların uygulanması sonrası ahşap yapı sektöründeki değişimler literatür üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra ahşap teşvik politikaları sonrasında verilerine erişilebilen 6 ülkenin yıllar içerisindeki ahşap konut inşaatlarındaki oransal artışlar ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece küresel ölçekte ahşap yapı politikaları ve bu politikaların ahşap yapı sektörüne etkilerine dair kapsamlı bir resim ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’deki ahşap teşvik politikalarına dair güncel gelişmelerin paylaşılmasıyla bu alandaki literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Ahşap, yapısal ahşap, çok katlı ahşap yapılar, konut, teşvik politikaları

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