Research Article
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A Comparative Study on Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 11 - 36, 30.12.2012

Abstract

Psychological studies on the theme of forgiveness have increased in
recent years. Forgiveness has been investigated with relating to many variables
like mental health, religiosity, personality etc. This article is carried out
to investigate the relationship between forgiveness propensity and
socio-demographic variables (gender and education type) and life satisfaction.
A further goal of this paper will be to describe the effect of forgiveness on
life satisfaction. In order to find out mentioned relations Interpersonal
Forgiveness Scale
and Life Satisfaction Scale are applied to the
sample of 232 students from Pristina University (Pristina) and Marmara
University (Istanbul). The findings show that forgiveness and life satisfaction
are not significantly related to gender. Kosovian studens have high score than
Turkish counterparts in interpersonal forgiveness and life satisfaction.
Further, forgiveness positively effects life satisfaction.

References

  • Kaynakça
  • Ahmed, R., Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2007). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Kuwaiti Adolescents and Adults. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 24(3), 159-170.
  • Alpay, A., (2009). Yakın İlişkilerde Bağışlama: Bağışlamanın Bağlanma, Benlik Saygısı, Empati ve Kıskançlık Değişkenleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson, J., (2007). Forgiveness- a relational process: Research and Reflections. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 9 (1), 63-76.
  • Ayten, A., (2009). Affedicilik ve Din: Affetme Eğilimi ve Dindarlıkla İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 37 (2), 111-128.
  • Ayten, A., (2012). Tanrıya Sığınmak. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2001). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Lebanese: A Six-Community Study. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30(2), 161-181.
  • Bagnulo, A., Munoz-Sastre, M. T. ve Mullet, E. (2009). Conceptuali-zations of Forgiveness: A Latin America-Western Europe Com-parison. Universitas Psychologica, 8(3), 673-682.
  • Balkin, R. S., Freeman, S. J. ve Lyman, S. R., (2009). Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Mechila: Integrating the Jewish Concept of Forgiveness into Clinical Practice. Counseiing and Values, 53, 153-160.
  • Banmen, J., (2010). Forgiveness as Therapy in the Satir Model. The Satir Journal, 4(1), 7-23.
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-zois, C., ve Ross, S. R., (2005). For-giveness and Personality Traits. Personality and Individual Differ-ences. 39, 35-46.
  • Bugay, A. ve Demir, A., (2012). Affetme Artırılabilinir mi? Affetme-yi Geliştirme Grubu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(37), 96-106.
  • Bugay, A., (2010). Investigation of Social-Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Variables as Predictors of Self-Forgiveness. Doctorate Thesis. Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Bugay, A., ve Demir, A., (2011). Hataya İlişkin Özelliklerin Başkala-rını Affetmeyi Yordaması, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(35), 8-17.
  • Cehajic, S., Brown, R. ve Castano, E., (2008). Forgive and Forget? Antecedents and Consequences of Intergroup Forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology. 29(3), 351-367.
  • Davis, D. E., Joshua, N. H., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L. ve Worthington, E. L., (2012). Can Religion Promote Virtue?: A More Stringent Test of the Model of Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 22, 252-266.
  • Diener, E., (2000). Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a Natianal Index. American Psychologist. 55 (1), ss. 34–44.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S., (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assesment. 49, 71-75.
  • Egan, L. A., ve Todorov, N., (2009). Forgiveness as a Coping Strat-egy to Allow School Students to Deal with the effects of Being Bullied: Theoretical and Empirical Discussion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28 (2), 198-222.
  • Elliott, B., (2011). Forgiveness Therapy: A Clinical Intervention for Chronic Disease. Journal of Religion and Health. 50, 240–247.
  • Enright, R. D. ve Fitzgibbons, R. P., (2000). Helping Clients Forgive: An Empirical Guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington DC.: APA Books.
  • Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. ve Terzi, Ş. (2012). Terapötik Bir Araç Olarak Bağışlama: İyileştirici Etken Olarak Bağışlama Olgusunun Psiko-lojik Danışma Sürecinde Kullanımı. Eğitim ve Bilim. 37(166), 14-24.
  • Exline, J. J., (2004). Anger toward God: A brief overview of existing research. Psychology of Religion Newsletter. 29(1), 1-8.
  • Exline, J. J., Park, C. L., Smyth, J. M., ve Carey, M. P., (2011). Anger toward God: Social-cognitive predictors, Prevalence, and links with adjustment to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 100(1), 129-148.
  • Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., ve Nag, M., (2010). The Road to Forgive-ness: A Meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositio-nal correlates. Psychological Bulletin. 136, 894-914.
  • Fox, A., ve Thomas, T., (2008). Impact of religious affiliation and religiosity on forgiveness. Australian Psychologist. 43(3), 175–185.
  • Gassin, E. A. ve Lengel, G. J., (2011). Forgiveness and Attachment: A Link That Survives The Grave? Journal of Psychology And Theo-logy. 39(4), 316-329.
  • Hill, P., ve Hood, R., (1999). Measures of Religiosity. Alabama: Reli-gious Education Presss.
  • Hirsch, J. K., Webb, J. R. ve Jeglic, E. L., (2012). Forgiveness, Dep-ression, and Suicidal Behavior Among a Diverse Sample of Col-lege Students, Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 67(9), 896-906.
  • Hong, Y. J. ve Jacinto, G. A., (2012). Six Step Therapeutic Process to Facilitate Forgiveness of Self and Others, Clinical Social Work Jo-urnal. 40, 366–375.
  • Hui, E. K. P., Watkins, D., Wong, T., ve Sun, R., (2006). Religion and Forgiveness from a Hong Kong Chinese Perspective. Pastoral Psychology. 55, 183-195.
  • Inazu, J. D., (2009). No Future Without (Personal) Forgiveness: Reexamining the Role of Forgiveness in Transitional Justice, Human Rights Review. 10, 309–326.
  • İnak, S., (2010). The Turkish Translation, Reliability and Validity Study of Enright Forgiveness Inventory. Master Thesis. Nicosia: Near East University.
  • Jose, O. A., ve Alfons, V., (2007). Religiosity and Forgiveness among first-married and remarried adults. Mental Health, Religion ve Culture. 10 (4), 379-94.
  • Kara, E., (2009). Dini ve Psikolojik Açıdan Bağışlayıcılığın Terapötik Değeri. Uluslar arası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2(8), 221-229.
  • Kim, L. M., Johnson, J. L., ve Ripley, J., (2011). A “Perfect” Storm: Perfectionism, Forgiveness, and Marital Satisfaction, Individual Differences Research. 9(4), 199-209.
  • Krause, N., (2012). Studying Forgiveness Among Older Whites, Ol-der Blacks, and Older Mexican Americans Journal of Religion, Spi-rituality ve Aging. 24, 325–344.
  • Krause, N., ve Ellison, C. G., (2003). Forgiveness by God, For-giveness of Others, and Psychological Well-Being in Late Life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 42 (1), 77-93.
  • Lander, A., (2012). Toward the Incorporation of Forgiveness The-rapy in Healing the Wounds of Eating Disorders: A Case Study in Self-Forgiveness. Clinical Case Studies. 11(2) 119–139.
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  • Mullet, E., Nann, S., ve Kadiangandu, J., (2010). The granting of forgiveness in an intergroup context: African and Asian social representations. Social Science Information. 49(2), 195-214.
  • Neto, F. ve Mullet, E., (2004). Personality, Self-esteem, and Self-construal as Correlates of Forgivingness. European Journal of Per-sonality. 18, 15–30.
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AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 11 - 36, 30.12.2012

Abstract

Makale,
özellikle son on yılda pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımının da gelişmesiyle,
psikoloji ve din psikolojisi sahalarında fazlaca çalışılan affetme konusunu,
yapılan alan araştırmasının bulguları çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Söz konusu
araştırmada, temel olarak iki farklı ülkeden (Kosova ve Türkiye) seçilerek
oluşturulan örneklem çerçevesinde affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti üzerine kültürel
bir karşılaştırma yapılmaktadır. Affetmenin cinsiyet, medeni durum, alınan
eğitim türü gibi değişkenlerle ilişkisi incelenmekte, affetmenin hayat
memnuniyetine ne tür bir etkisinin olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Çalışma, tarama
yöntemine uygun, anket tekniğinin kullanıldığı bir saha araştırması
niteliğindedir. Örneklem, Marmara Üniversitesi (N=113) ve Priştine
Üniversitesi’nin (N=119) farklı bölümlerinde okuyan 232 öğrenciden
oluşmaktadır. Örnekleme, “Affetme Eğilimi Ölçeği” ve “Hayat
Memnuniyeti Ölçeği”
uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, affetme
eğilimi ve hayat memnuniyeti ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı,
buna karşın medeni durum ve alınan eğitim türüne göre affetme eğilimi ve hayat
memnuniyetinin farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Kosovalı
öğrencilerin affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti düzeylerinin Türk öğrencilere göre
daha yüksek olduğu ve affetmenin hayat memnuniyetini olumlu yönde etkilediği
tespit edilmiştir.



Anahtar
Sözcükler:
Hayat
memnuniyeti, kişilerarası affetme, karşılaştırmalı araştırma.
Makale,
özellikle son on yılda pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımının da gelişmesiyle,
psikoloji ve din psikolojisi sahalarında fazlaca çalışılan affetme konusunu,
yapılan alan araştırmasının bulguları çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Söz konusu
araştırmada, temel olarak iki farklı ülkeden (Kosova ve Türkiye) seçilerek
oluşturulan örneklem çerçevesinde affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti üzerine kültürel
bir karşılaştırma yapılmaktadır. Affetmenin cinsiyet, medeni durum, alınan
eğitim türü gibi değişkenlerle ilişkisi incelenmekte, affetmenin hayat
memnuniyetine ne tür bir etkisinin olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Çalışma, tarama
yöntemine uygun, anket tekniğinin kullanıldığı bir saha araştırması
niteliğindedir. Örneklem, Marmara Üniversitesi (
N=113) ve Priştine
Üniversitesi’nin (
N=119) farklı bölümlerinde okuyan 232 öğrenciden
oluşmaktadır. Örnekleme,
“Affetme Eğilimi Ölçeği” ve “Hayat
Memnuniyeti Ölçeği”
uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, affetme
eğilimi ve hayat memnuniyeti ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı,
buna karşın medeni durum ve alınan eğitim türüne göre affetme eğilimi ve hayat
memnuniyetinin farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Kosovalı
öğrencilerin affetme ve hayat memnuniyeti düzeylerinin Türk öğrencilere göre
daha yüksek olduğu ve affetmenin hayat memnuniyetini olumlu yönde etkilediği
tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Kaynakça
  • Ahmed, R., Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2007). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Kuwaiti Adolescents and Adults. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 24(3), 159-170.
  • Alpay, A., (2009). Yakın İlişkilerde Bağışlama: Bağışlamanın Bağlanma, Benlik Saygısı, Empati ve Kıskançlık Değişkenleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson, J., (2007). Forgiveness- a relational process: Research and Reflections. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 9 (1), 63-76.
  • Ayten, A., (2009). Affedicilik ve Din: Affetme Eğilimi ve Dindarlıkla İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 37 (2), 111-128.
  • Ayten, A., (2012). Tanrıya Sığınmak. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık.
  • Azar, F., ve Mullet, E., (2001). Interpersonal Forgiveness among Lebanese: A Six-Community Study. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30(2), 161-181.
  • Bagnulo, A., Munoz-Sastre, M. T. ve Mullet, E. (2009). Conceptuali-zations of Forgiveness: A Latin America-Western Europe Com-parison. Universitas Psychologica, 8(3), 673-682.
  • Balkin, R. S., Freeman, S. J. ve Lyman, S. R., (2009). Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Mechila: Integrating the Jewish Concept of Forgiveness into Clinical Practice. Counseiing and Values, 53, 153-160.
  • Banmen, J., (2010). Forgiveness as Therapy in the Satir Model. The Satir Journal, 4(1), 7-23.
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-zois, C., ve Ross, S. R., (2005). For-giveness and Personality Traits. Personality and Individual Differ-ences. 39, 35-46.
  • Bugay, A. ve Demir, A., (2012). Affetme Artırılabilinir mi? Affetme-yi Geliştirme Grubu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(37), 96-106.
  • Bugay, A., (2010). Investigation of Social-Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Variables as Predictors of Self-Forgiveness. Doctorate Thesis. Ankara: Middle East Technical University.
  • Bugay, A., ve Demir, A., (2011). Hataya İlişkin Özelliklerin Başkala-rını Affetmeyi Yordaması, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(35), 8-17.
  • Cehajic, S., Brown, R. ve Castano, E., (2008). Forgive and Forget? Antecedents and Consequences of Intergroup Forgiveness in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Psychology. 29(3), 351-367.
  • Davis, D. E., Joshua, N. H., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L. ve Worthington, E. L., (2012). Can Religion Promote Virtue?: A More Stringent Test of the Model of Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 22, 252-266.
  • Diener, E., (2000). Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a Natianal Index. American Psychologist. 55 (1), ss. 34–44.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S., (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assesment. 49, 71-75.
  • Egan, L. A., ve Todorov, N., (2009). Forgiveness as a Coping Strat-egy to Allow School Students to Deal with the effects of Being Bullied: Theoretical and Empirical Discussion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28 (2), 198-222.
  • Elliott, B., (2011). Forgiveness Therapy: A Clinical Intervention for Chronic Disease. Journal of Religion and Health. 50, 240–247.
  • Enright, R. D. ve Fitzgibbons, R. P., (2000). Helping Clients Forgive: An Empirical Guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington DC.: APA Books.
  • Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. ve Terzi, Ş. (2012). Terapötik Bir Araç Olarak Bağışlama: İyileştirici Etken Olarak Bağışlama Olgusunun Psiko-lojik Danışma Sürecinde Kullanımı. Eğitim ve Bilim. 37(166), 14-24.
  • Exline, J. J., (2004). Anger toward God: A brief overview of existing research. Psychology of Religion Newsletter. 29(1), 1-8.
  • Exline, J. J., Park, C. L., Smyth, J. M., ve Carey, M. P., (2011). Anger toward God: Social-cognitive predictors, Prevalence, and links with adjustment to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 100(1), 129-148.
  • Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., ve Nag, M., (2010). The Road to Forgive-ness: A Meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositio-nal correlates. Psychological Bulletin. 136, 894-914.
  • Fox, A., ve Thomas, T., (2008). Impact of religious affiliation and religiosity on forgiveness. Australian Psychologist. 43(3), 175–185.
  • Gassin, E. A. ve Lengel, G. J., (2011). Forgiveness and Attachment: A Link That Survives The Grave? Journal of Psychology And Theo-logy. 39(4), 316-329.
  • Hill, P., ve Hood, R., (1999). Measures of Religiosity. Alabama: Reli-gious Education Presss.
  • Hirsch, J. K., Webb, J. R. ve Jeglic, E. L., (2012). Forgiveness, Dep-ression, and Suicidal Behavior Among a Diverse Sample of Col-lege Students, Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 67(9), 896-906.
  • Hong, Y. J. ve Jacinto, G. A., (2012). Six Step Therapeutic Process to Facilitate Forgiveness of Self and Others, Clinical Social Work Jo-urnal. 40, 366–375.
  • Hui, E. K. P., Watkins, D., Wong, T., ve Sun, R., (2006). Religion and Forgiveness from a Hong Kong Chinese Perspective. Pastoral Psychology. 55, 183-195.
  • Inazu, J. D., (2009). No Future Without (Personal) Forgiveness: Reexamining the Role of Forgiveness in Transitional Justice, Human Rights Review. 10, 309–326.
  • İnak, S., (2010). The Turkish Translation, Reliability and Validity Study of Enright Forgiveness Inventory. Master Thesis. Nicosia: Near East University.
  • Jose, O. A., ve Alfons, V., (2007). Religiosity and Forgiveness among first-married and remarried adults. Mental Health, Religion ve Culture. 10 (4), 379-94.
  • Kara, E., (2009). Dini ve Psikolojik Açıdan Bağışlayıcılığın Terapötik Değeri. Uluslar arası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2(8), 221-229.
  • Kim, L. M., Johnson, J. L., ve Ripley, J., (2011). A “Perfect” Storm: Perfectionism, Forgiveness, and Marital Satisfaction, Individual Differences Research. 9(4), 199-209.
  • Krause, N., (2012). Studying Forgiveness Among Older Whites, Ol-der Blacks, and Older Mexican Americans Journal of Religion, Spi-rituality ve Aging. 24, 325–344.
  • Krause, N., ve Ellison, C. G., (2003). Forgiveness by God, For-giveness of Others, and Psychological Well-Being in Late Life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 42 (1), 77-93.
  • Lander, A., (2012). Toward the Incorporation of Forgiveness The-rapy in Healing the Wounds of Eating Disorders: A Case Study in Self-Forgiveness. Clinical Case Studies. 11(2) 119–139.
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There are 74 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Ayten

Feim Gashi

Publication Date December 30, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ayten, A., & Gashi, F. (2012). AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 11-36.
AMA Ayten A, Gashi F. AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. BAD. December 2012;3(2):11-36.
Chicago Ayten, Ali, and Feim Gashi. “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, no. 2 (December 2012): 11-36.
EndNote Ayten A, Gashi F (December 1, 2012) AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 2 11–36.
IEEE A. Ayten and F. Gashi, “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”, BAD, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 11–36, 2012.
ISNAD Ayten, Ali - Gashi, Feim. “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/2 (December 2012), 11-36.
JAMA Ayten A, Gashi F. AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. BAD. 2012;3:11–36.
MLA Ayten, Ali and Feim Gashi. “AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2012, pp. 11-36.
Vancouver Ayten A, Gashi F. AFFETME VE HAYAT MEMNUNİYETİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. BAD. 2012;3(2):11-36.