CRISPR/Cas9 Teknolojisinin Sebze Islahında Kullanımı

Öz

Bitkilerde verim, kalite, hastalık ve zararlılara dayanıklılık, olumsuz çevre ve toprak koşullarına tolerant yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi öncelikli ıslah hedefleri arasındadır. Özellikle son yıllarda verim ve kalite kaybına neden olan biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörlerine karşı adaptasyon yeteneği yüksek çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi bitki ıslahı açısından önem taşımaktadır. Yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesinde klasik ıslah yöntemleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, sürecin uzun olması ve yoğun iş gücü gerektirmesi nedeniyle güncel teknolojik yöntemler ıslah programlarına dahil edilerek ıslah sürecinin daha hızlı ve etkin olarak yürütülmesi sağlanmaktadır. Moleküler biyoloji alanında yeni nesil teknolojilerin kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla birlikte ıslah çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Son yıllarda CRISPR/Cas9 yeni nesil genom düzenleme uygulamaları ile genomda hedef bölgeler düzenlenerek bitkilere ıslah amacına yönelik özellikler kazandırılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda hastalık ve zararlılara karşı direncin artırılması, ürün kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi, kuraklık ve tuz stresine karşı tolerant bitkilerin geliştirilmesi başta olmak üzere çeşitli konularda araştırmalar yürütülmektedir. Sunulan çalışmada, CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisinin bazı sebze türlerinin ıslahında kullanımı güncel araştırma bulguları ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Islah
• CRISPR/Cas9
• genom düzenleme

The Use of CRISPR/CAS9 Technology in Vegetable Breeding

Abstract

Development of new varieties with high yield, quality, disease and pest resistance and tolerance to adverse environmental and soil conditions are among the major breeding objectives. In recent years, the development of improved varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress factors that cause yield and quality loss is important for plant breeding. Classical breeding methods are widely used in the development of new varieties. However, since the process is long and labor intensive, current biotechnological methods are included in breeding programs to ensure that the breeding process is carried out faster and more effectively. Breeding studies accelerated with the introduction of new technologies in the field of molecular biology. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 next-generation genome editing technologies have been used to edit target genome regions to develop plants with desired traits. In this context, researches are carried out on various breeding objectives such as increasing resistance to diseases and pests, improving product quality, and developing plants tolerant to drought and salt stress. In the present study, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for breeding purposes in some vegetable species was evaluated in the light of current research findings.

Keywords

• Breeding
• CRISPR/Cas9
• genome editing

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