Investigation of the Effects of Atmospheric Attenuation and Frequency on MIMO Channel Capacity

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 277 - 282, 21.08.2023

Ahmet Furkan Kola , Çetin Kurnaz

https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1210093

Abstract

The efficiencies of 5G channels, which are highly affected by atmospheric attenuation, are still being investigated. The effects of frequency and atmospheric attenuation parameters such as humidity, temperature, rain, and pressure were investigated in this study using the NYUSIM program. The spatial consistency mode of the NYUSIM channel simulator was turned off, and unnormalized channel capacities were calculated at 28, 45, 60, and 73 GHz frequencies. According to the research results, the rain rate was the atmospheric attenuation parameter that significantly affected MIMO channel capacity. In contrast, the humidity percentage had the slightest impact. The frequency where the channel capacity is most affected by the four determined atmospheric attenuation parameters is 60 GHz, while the frequency where it is least affected is 28 GHz. The study found that using frequencies with high atmospheric attenuation reduces communication efficiency significantly. Furthermore, rain rate has a significant impact on 5G channel performance.

Keywords

Atmospheric attenuation, Channel capacity, Channel modeling, mmWave, NYUSIM

References

• [1] Wang, X., Kong, L., Kong, F., Qiu, F., Xia, M., Arnon, S., & Chen, G. (2018). Millimeter-wave communication: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20(3), 1616-1653.
• [2] WinProp, Wave Propagation and Radio Network Planning Software (part of Altair HyperWorks), www.altairhyperworks.com/WinProp.
• [3] Jaeckel, S., Raschkowski, L., Börner, K., & Thiele, L. (2014). QuaDRiGa: A 3-D multi-cell channel model with time evolution for enabling virtual field trials. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 62(6), 3242-3256.
• [4] Drago, M., Zugno, T., Polese, M., Giordani, M., & Zorzi, M. (2020, June). MilliCar: An ns-3 module for mmWave NR V2X networks. In Proceedings of the 2020 Workshop on ns-3 (pp. 9-16).
• [5] Samimi, M. K., & Rappaport, T. S. (2016). 3-D millimeter-wave statistical channel model for 5G wireless system design. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 64(7), 2207-2225.
• [6] Lodro, M. M., Majeed, N., Khuwaja, A. A., Sodhro, A. H., & Greedy, S. (2018, March). Statistical channel modeling of 5G mmWave MIMO wireless communication. In 2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
• [7] Momo, S. H. A., & Mowla, M. M. (2019, July). Statistical analysis of an outdoor mmWave channel model at 73 GHz for 5G networks. In 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
• [8] Zekri, A. B., Ajgou, R., Chemsa, A., & Ghendir, S. (2020, May). Analysis of Outdoor to Indoor Penetration Loss for mmWave Channels. In 2020 1st International Conference on Communications, Control Systems and Signal Processing (CCSSP) (pp. 74-79). IEEE.
• [9] Alfaresi, B., Nawawi, Z., Malik, R. F., Anwar, K., & Nur, L. O. (2020). Humidity Effect to 5G Performances Under Palembang Channel Model At 28 GHZ. Sinergi, 24(1), 49-56.
• [10] Budalal, A. A., Rafiqul, I. M., Habaebi, M. H., & Rahman, T. A. (2019). The effects of rain fade on millimeter-wave channel in tropical climate. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 8(2), 653-664.
• [11] Rahman, M. N., Anwar, K., & Nur, L. O. (2019, November). Indonesia 5G channel model considering temperature effects at 28 GHz. In 2019 Symposium on Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-6). IEEE.
• [12] Dimce, S., Amjad, M. S., & Dressler, F. (2021, March). mmwave on the road: Investigating the weather impact on 60 GHz v2x communication channels. In 2021 16th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
• [13] Larasati, S., Yuliani, S. R., & Danisya, A. R. (2020). Outage Performances of 5G Channel Model Influenced by Barometric Pressure Effects in Yogyakarta. Jurnal Infotel, 12(1), 25-31.
• [14] Prasetyo, A. H., Suryanegara, M., & Asvial, M. (2019, December). Evaluation of 5G Performance at 26 GHz and 41 GHz frequencies: The Case of Tropical Suburban Areas in Indonesia. In 2019 IEEE 14th Malaysia International Conference on Communication (MICC) (pp. 101-105). IEEE.
• [15] Hikmaturokhman, A., Suryanegara, M., & Ramli, K. (2019, June). A comparative analysis of 5G channel model with varied frequency: a case study in Jakarta. In 2019 7th International Conference on Smart Computing & Communications (ICSCC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
• [16] Kurniawan, A., Danisya, A. R., & Isnawati, A. F. (2020, December). Performance of mmWave Channel Model on 28 GHz Frequency Based on Temperature Effect in Wonosobo City. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks, and Satellite (Comnetsat) (pp. 37-41). IEEE.
• [17] Kourogiorgas, C., Sagkriotis, S., & Panagopoulos, A. D. (2015, April). Coverage and outage capacity evaluation in 5G millimeter wave cellular systems: impact of rain attenuation. In 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
• [18] Huang, J., Cao, Y., Raimundo, X., Cheema, A., & Salous, S. (2019). Rain statistics investigation and rain attenuation modeling for millimeter-wave short-range fixed links. IEEE Access, 7, 156110-156120.
• [19] Popa, S., Draghiciu, N., & Reiz, R. (2008). Fading types in wireless communications systems. Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1(1), 233-237.
• [20] Sun, S., MacCartney, G. R., & Rappaport, T. S. (2017, May). A novel millimeter-wave channel simulator and applications for 5G wireless communications. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 1-7). IEEE