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Effects of Air Pollution on Some Chemical Compounds of Cherry Laurel (Prunus Laurocerasus L.) in Kastamonu

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 486 - 494, 15.08.2019

Abstract

Industrialization and overuse of automobiles result in the release of
toxic matter in the air which may induce harmful effect on the living system
such as plant, animal, soil fauna. All pollutants from traffic and factories
suppress plant growth and development by preventing physiological and
biochemical reactions. However, trees can play an important role in improvement
the air quality by prevention of environmental pollution in the urban environment.
The present study was conducted in Kastamonu city. It purpose was to point out
the impacts of air pollution caused traffic on chemical compositions in Prunus
laurocerasus L. For this purpose, we collected leaf sample of trees from areas
away from the traffic for control, while polluted sample were selected from
regions where the traffic was heavy (Salıpazarı) and less dense (Kısla park) in
Kastamonu city center. In each of leaf sample, the amount of chlorophyll
pigments, carotenoid, total soluble protein, MDA-malondialdehyde, H2O2,
enzymatic antioxidants such as APX, CAT, GPOX and SOD activities, and
non-enzymatic antioxidants measurements were performed. According to data, the
amount of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, and CAT and GPOX activities was
determined higher in non-polluted plant but chlorophyll a, proline, total
soluble carbohydrate and SOD activity enhanced excessively contaminated leaf.
APX activity was the highest in lighter contaminated leaf samples but H2O2 was
the lowest. As a result, it could be concluded that the growth and development
of cherry laurel was found to be affected traffic pollution depended on the
severity of pollution. And also, on the basis of this study it can be said that
cherry laurel is resistant to air pollution, and the results could be used in
the future research to understand the role of individual tree species in air pollution.

References

  • Adams III WW., Muller O., Cohu CM., Demmig-Adams B. (2013). May photoinhibition be a consequence, rather than a cause, of limited plant productivity? Photosynth. Res. 117, 31-44.
  • Agbaire PO, Akporhonor EE (2014). The Effects of Air Pollution on Plants around the Vicinity of the Delta Steel Company Ovwian-Aladja, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8(7), 61-65.
  • Aguiar-Silva C, Brandão SE, Domingos M, Bulbovas P. (2016). Antioxidant responses of Atlantic Forest native tree species asindicators of increasing tolerance to oxidative stress when they areexposed to air pollutants and seasonal tropical climate. Ecological Indicators 63 (2016) 154–164.
  • Alasalvar C, Al-Farsi M, Shahidi F. (2005). Compositional characteristics and antioxidant components of cherry laurel varieties and pekmez, J. Food Sci 70, 47-52.
  • Aninbon C, Jogloy S, Vorasoot N, Patanothai A, Nuchadomrong S, Senawong T (2016). Effect of end of season water deficit on phenolic compounds in peanut genotypes with different levels of resistance to drought. Food Chemistry, 196: 123-129.
  • Arnon DI (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., 24, 1-15.
  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare, ID (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies, Plant and soil, 39(1), 205-207.
  • Beauchamp C, Fridovıch I (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels, Analytical Biochemistry 44, 276-287.
  • Bergmeyer HU (1970). Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse, Akademie Verlag 1,636-562.
  • Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Analytical biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254.
  • Caverzan A, Passaia G, Rosa SB, Ribeiro CW, Lazzarotto F, Margis-Pinheiro M. (2012). Plant responses to stresses: Role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection. Genet. Mol. Biol. 35: 1011-1019.
  • Cetin IZ, Cesur A, Keskin R, Aarsu H (2018). Bazı Peyzaj Bitkilerinde Klorofil Miktarının Değişimi: Samsun Örneği, Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences 4(1),1-10.
  • Chaffai R, Seybon TN, Marzouk B, Ferjani E (2009). A comparative analysis of fatty acidcomposition of root and shoot lipids in Zea mays under copper and cadmium stress, Acta Biologia Hungarian 60,109-125.
  • Chance B, Maehly SK. (1995). Assay of catalase and peroxidase”, Methods Enzymol. 2:764-775.
  • Chandra R, Kang H. (2016). Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids. Forest Science and Technology, 12 (2):55-61.
  • Chiou TJ, Bush DR (1998). Sucrose is a signal molecule in assimilate partitioning, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 4784-4788.
  • Dat J, Vandenabeele S, Vranov_AE, Van Montagu M, Inz_ED, Van Breusegem F. (2000). Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 57, 779-795.
  • Deak KI, Malamy J (2005). Osmotic regulation of root system architecture, Plant J. 43, 17-28.
  • Delauney AJ, Verma, DPS (1993). Proline Biosynthesis and osmoregulation in plants, Plant J. 4,215- 223.
  • Domingos M, Bulbovas P, Camargo CZS, Aguiar-Silva C, Brandão SE, Dafré-Martinelli M, Dias APL, Engela MR, Gagliano J, Moura BB, Alves ES, Rinaldi MCS Gomes EP, Furlan CM, Figueiredo AMG (2015). Search fornative tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forests in the SE-Brazil. Environ.Pollut. 202, 85–95.
  • Foyer CH, Shigeoka S. 2011. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant func-tions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant. Physiol. 155, 93-100.
  • Geeta C, Namrata C (2014). Effect of Air Pollution on the Photosynthetic Pigments of Selected Plant Species along Roadsides in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. Res. Plant Biol 4(5), 65-68.
  • Ghorbanli M, Bakand Z, Bakhshi khaniki G, Bakand S (2007). Aır Pollutıon Effects on the Actıvıty of Antioxidant Enzymes in Nerium Oleander And Robinia pseudacacıa Plants In Tehran, Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 4(3), 157-162.
  • Gupta AK, Kaur N (2005). Sugar signalling and gene expression in relation to carbohydrate metabolism under abiotic stresses in plants, J Biosci 30,761-76.
  • Hörtensteiner S. (2006). Chlorophyll degradation during senescence. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57: 55-77.
  • Irigoyen JJ, Emerich DW, Sanchez-Diaz M (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiol Plan 84,55-60.
  • Karadeniz T, Kalkisim O (1996). Investigations on selection of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) grown in Akcaabat, J. YYU Agr. Fac. 6(1),147–153.
  • Kavitha S, Shailaja K (2016). Effect of Air Pollutants on Enzyme Activity of Plants. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(8), 15791-15794.
  • Khan AA, Malhotra SS (1982). Peroxidase activity as an indicator of SO2 injury in jack pine and white birch, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 177,643-650.
  • Konecna B, Fricand F, Masarovicova E (1989). Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase activity and protein content in pollution damaged leaves of three oak species, Photosynthetica, 23(4), 566-574.
  • Kuang Y, Zhou G, Wen D, Liu S (2007). Heavy metals in bark of Pinus massoniana(Lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at Qujiang, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14, 270-275.
  • Kumari SI, Rani PU, Suresh CH (2005). Absorption of automobile pollutants by leaf surfaces of various road side plants and their effect on plant biochemical constituents, Poll Res., 24(3),509-512.
  • Long XX., Yang XE, Ni WZ, Ye ZQ, He ZL, Calvert DV, Stoffella JP (2003). Assessing zinc thresholds for phytotoxicity and potential dietary toxicity in selected vegetable crops. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34, 1421-1434.
  • Malhotra SS, Khan AA (1980). Effects of sulphur dioxide and other air pollutants on acid phosphatase activity in pine seedlings, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 175, 228-326. McLaughlin SB, McConathy RK, Duvick D, Mann LK (1982). Effect of chronic air pollution stress on photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and growth of white pine trees, For. Sci., 28, 60-70.
  • Mittler R (2006). Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci. 11, 15-19.
  • Morsy AA, Salama KHA, Kamel HA, Mansour MMF (2012). Effect of heavy metals on plasma membrane lipids and antioxidant enzymes of Zygophyllum species, EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci., 6(1),1-10.
  • Nakano Y, Asada K (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-spesific peroxidase in spinach chloroplast, Plant Cell Physiol., 22(5), 867-880.
  • North Anadolu Clean Air Center Directorate (2016). Kastamonu Province Air Quality Analysis Report (2010-2016). www.kiathm.csb.gov.tr.
  • Ogagaoghene AJ (2017). pH level, Ascorbic Acid, Proline and Soluble Sugar as Bio - indicators for Pollution. Chem Search Journal, 8(2), 41- 49.
  • Pearson D, Melon H, Ronald S (1976). Chemical analysis of Food,8th edition. Churchill Livingstone. pp 5-63.
  • Pimple NS (2017). Adverse Effect of Air Pollutants on the Chlorophyll Content in Leaves from Pune, Maharashtra (India), International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 44(2),131-135.
  • Pukacka S, Pukacki PM (2000). Seasonal changes in antioxidant level of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles exposed to industrial pollution, I. Ascorbate and thiol content, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 22(4),451-456.
  • Ramel F, Birtic S, Ginies C, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Triantaphylides C, Havaux M (2012). Carotenoid oxidation products are stress signals that mediate gene responses to singlet oxygen in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 5535-5540.
  • Rathinasabapathi B (2000). Metabolic engineering for stress tolerance: installing osmoprotectant synthesis pathways, Ann Bot 86,709-16.
  • Rezanejad F (2009). Air pollution effects on structure, proteins and flavonoids in pollen grains of Thuja orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) Grana, 48: 205-213.
  • Rüdiger W (2003). The last step of clorophyll synthesis, in: K.M. Kadish, K.M. Smith, R. Guilard (Eds.), The Porphyrin Handbook, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 71-108.
  • Sanaeirad H, Majd A, Abbaspour H, Peyvandi M (2017). The Effect of Air Pollution on Proline and Protein Content and Activity of Nitrate Reductase Enzyme in Laurus nobilis L. Plants, Journal of Molecular Biology Research, 7(1).
  • Seyyednejad SM, Niknejad M, Yusefi M (2009). The Effect of Air Pollution on Some Morphological and Biochemical Factors of Callistemon citrinus in Petrochemical Zone in South of Iran, Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 8, 562-565.
  • Shimazaki K, Sakaki T, Sugahara K (1980). Active oxygen participation in chlorophyll destruction and lipid peroxidation in SO2-fumigated leaves of SpinachStudies on the Effects of Air Pollutants on Plants and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity:Res. Rep. Natl Inst. Environ. Stud., Japan 11,91-101.
  • Shiragave PD, Ramteke AA, Patil SD (2015). Plant responses to vehicular pollution: specific effect on photosynthetic pigments of plants at divider of NH-4 highway Nipani Area, Karnataka State,India. Central European Journal of Experimental Biology4 (2):1-4.
  • Sofo A, Dichio B, Xiloyannis C, Masia A (2004). Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree. Plant Science 166, 293-302.
  • Strand Å, Hurry V, Henkes S, Huner N, Gustafsson P, Gardeström P, Stitt M (1999). Acclimation of Arabidopsis leaves developing at low temperatures. Increasing cytoplasmic volume accompanies increased activities of enzymes in the Calvin Cycle and in the sucrose-biosynthesis pathway, Plant Physiol 119,1387-97.
  • Strand M (1993). Photosynthetic activity of Scot pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles during winter is affected by exposure to SO2 and NO2 during summer, New Phytol 23,133-141.
  • Tıngey DT, Fıtes RC, Wıckle C (2006). Activity Changes in Selected Enzymes from Soybean Leaves Following Ozone Exposure, Physiologia Plantarum 33(4),316-320.
  • Tiwari SH (2013). Air pollution induced changes in foliar morphology of two shrub species at Indore city, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2, 195-199.
  • Tripathi AK, Gautam M (2007). Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution, Journal of Environmental Biology 28(1): 127-132.
  • Varshney SRK, Varshney CK (1985). Response of peroxidase to low levels of SO2. Environ. Exp. Bot., 25,107-114.
  • Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A (2000). Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: protective roles of polyamines, Plant Sci., 151, 59-66.
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Kastamonu'da Taflanın (Prunus Laurocerasus L.) Bazı Kimyasal Bileşikler Üzerine Hava Kirliliğinin Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 486 - 494, 15.08.2019

Abstract



Sanayileşme ve aşırı
otomobil kullanımı, bitki, hayvan, toprak faunası gibi yaşam sistemi üzerinde
zararlı etkiye neden olabilecek havada toksik maddenin salınımına neden
olmaktadır. Trafikten ve fabrikalardan kaynaklanan tüm kirleticiler, fizyolojik
ve biyokimyasal reaksiyonları engelleyerek bitki büyümesini ve gelişimini baskı
altına alır. Bununla birlikte, ağaçlar, şehir ortamındaki çevre kirliliğini
önleyerek hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Bu
çalışma, Kastamonu ilinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı trafiğe bağlı hava
kirliliğinin Prunus laurocerasus L.'
deki kimyasal bileşimler üzerindeki etkilerine dikkat çekmektir. Bu amaçla,
Kastamonu şehir merkezinde trafikten uzak alanlardan kontrol numunesi
toplanırken, kirli örnekler ise trafiğin yoğun (Salıpazarı) ve az yoğun (Kışla
parkı) olduğu alanlardan seçilmiştir. Yaprak numunesinin her birinde klorofil
pigmentleri, karotenoid, toplam çözünür protein, MDA-malondialdehit, H2O2
APX, CAT, GPOX ve SOD aktiviteleri gibi enzimatik antioksidanlar ve enzimatik
olmayan antioksidanlar ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Verilere göre, klorofil b ve
toplam klorofilin miktarı, CAT ve GPOX aktiviteleri, kirletilmeyen bitkilerde
daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir fakat klorofil a, prolin, toplam çözünür
karbonhidrat ve SOD aktivitesi çok fazla kirlenmiş yaprakta artmıştır. APX
aktivitesi daha az kirlenmiş yaprak örneklerinde en yüksek ancak H2O2
ise en düşük seviyedeydi. Sonuç olarak, taflanın büyümesinin ve gelişmesinin,
kirliliğin şiddetine bağlı olarak trafik kirliliğinin etkilediği sonucuna
varılabilir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın temelinde, taflanın hava kirliliğine karşı
dirençli olduğu söylenebilir ve sonuçlar, 
hava kirliliğinde bireysel ağaç türlerinin rolünü anlamak için daha
sonraki araştırmalarda kullanılabilir.

References

  • Adams III WW., Muller O., Cohu CM., Demmig-Adams B. (2013). May photoinhibition be a consequence, rather than a cause, of limited plant productivity? Photosynth. Res. 117, 31-44.
  • Agbaire PO, Akporhonor EE (2014). The Effects of Air Pollution on Plants around the Vicinity of the Delta Steel Company Ovwian-Aladja, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8(7), 61-65.
  • Aguiar-Silva C, Brandão SE, Domingos M, Bulbovas P. (2016). Antioxidant responses of Atlantic Forest native tree species asindicators of increasing tolerance to oxidative stress when they areexposed to air pollutants and seasonal tropical climate. Ecological Indicators 63 (2016) 154–164.
  • Alasalvar C, Al-Farsi M, Shahidi F. (2005). Compositional characteristics and antioxidant components of cherry laurel varieties and pekmez, J. Food Sci 70, 47-52.
  • Aninbon C, Jogloy S, Vorasoot N, Patanothai A, Nuchadomrong S, Senawong T (2016). Effect of end of season water deficit on phenolic compounds in peanut genotypes with different levels of resistance to drought. Food Chemistry, 196: 123-129.
  • Arnon DI (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., 24, 1-15.
  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare, ID (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies, Plant and soil, 39(1), 205-207.
  • Beauchamp C, Fridovıch I (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels, Analytical Biochemistry 44, 276-287.
  • Bergmeyer HU (1970). Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse, Akademie Verlag 1,636-562.
  • Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Analytical biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254.
  • Caverzan A, Passaia G, Rosa SB, Ribeiro CW, Lazzarotto F, Margis-Pinheiro M. (2012). Plant responses to stresses: Role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection. Genet. Mol. Biol. 35: 1011-1019.
  • Cetin IZ, Cesur A, Keskin R, Aarsu H (2018). Bazı Peyzaj Bitkilerinde Klorofil Miktarının Değişimi: Samsun Örneği, Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences 4(1),1-10.
  • Chaffai R, Seybon TN, Marzouk B, Ferjani E (2009). A comparative analysis of fatty acidcomposition of root and shoot lipids in Zea mays under copper and cadmium stress, Acta Biologia Hungarian 60,109-125.
  • Chance B, Maehly SK. (1995). Assay of catalase and peroxidase”, Methods Enzymol. 2:764-775.
  • Chandra R, Kang H. (2016). Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids. Forest Science and Technology, 12 (2):55-61.
  • Chiou TJ, Bush DR (1998). Sucrose is a signal molecule in assimilate partitioning, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 4784-4788.
  • Dat J, Vandenabeele S, Vranov_AE, Van Montagu M, Inz_ED, Van Breusegem F. (2000). Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 57, 779-795.
  • Deak KI, Malamy J (2005). Osmotic regulation of root system architecture, Plant J. 43, 17-28.
  • Delauney AJ, Verma, DPS (1993). Proline Biosynthesis and osmoregulation in plants, Plant J. 4,215- 223.
  • Domingos M, Bulbovas P, Camargo CZS, Aguiar-Silva C, Brandão SE, Dafré-Martinelli M, Dias APL, Engela MR, Gagliano J, Moura BB, Alves ES, Rinaldi MCS Gomes EP, Furlan CM, Figueiredo AMG (2015). Search fornative tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forests in the SE-Brazil. Environ.Pollut. 202, 85–95.
  • Foyer CH, Shigeoka S. 2011. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant func-tions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant. Physiol. 155, 93-100.
  • Geeta C, Namrata C (2014). Effect of Air Pollution on the Photosynthetic Pigments of Selected Plant Species along Roadsides in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. Res. Plant Biol 4(5), 65-68.
  • Ghorbanli M, Bakand Z, Bakhshi khaniki G, Bakand S (2007). Aır Pollutıon Effects on the Actıvıty of Antioxidant Enzymes in Nerium Oleander And Robinia pseudacacıa Plants In Tehran, Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 4(3), 157-162.
  • Gupta AK, Kaur N (2005). Sugar signalling and gene expression in relation to carbohydrate metabolism under abiotic stresses in plants, J Biosci 30,761-76.
  • Hörtensteiner S. (2006). Chlorophyll degradation during senescence. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57: 55-77.
  • Irigoyen JJ, Emerich DW, Sanchez-Diaz M (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiol Plan 84,55-60.
  • Karadeniz T, Kalkisim O (1996). Investigations on selection of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) grown in Akcaabat, J. YYU Agr. Fac. 6(1),147–153.
  • Kavitha S, Shailaja K (2016). Effect of Air Pollutants on Enzyme Activity of Plants. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(8), 15791-15794.
  • Khan AA, Malhotra SS (1982). Peroxidase activity as an indicator of SO2 injury in jack pine and white birch, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 177,643-650.
  • Konecna B, Fricand F, Masarovicova E (1989). Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase activity and protein content in pollution damaged leaves of three oak species, Photosynthetica, 23(4), 566-574.
  • Kuang Y, Zhou G, Wen D, Liu S (2007). Heavy metals in bark of Pinus massoniana(Lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at Qujiang, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14, 270-275.
  • Kumari SI, Rani PU, Suresh CH (2005). Absorption of automobile pollutants by leaf surfaces of various road side plants and their effect on plant biochemical constituents, Poll Res., 24(3),509-512.
  • Long XX., Yang XE, Ni WZ, Ye ZQ, He ZL, Calvert DV, Stoffella JP (2003). Assessing zinc thresholds for phytotoxicity and potential dietary toxicity in selected vegetable crops. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34, 1421-1434.
  • Malhotra SS, Khan AA (1980). Effects of sulphur dioxide and other air pollutants on acid phosphatase activity in pine seedlings, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 175, 228-326. McLaughlin SB, McConathy RK, Duvick D, Mann LK (1982). Effect of chronic air pollution stress on photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and growth of white pine trees, For. Sci., 28, 60-70.
  • Mittler R (2006). Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci. 11, 15-19.
  • Morsy AA, Salama KHA, Kamel HA, Mansour MMF (2012). Effect of heavy metals on plasma membrane lipids and antioxidant enzymes of Zygophyllum species, EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci., 6(1),1-10.
  • Nakano Y, Asada K (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-spesific peroxidase in spinach chloroplast, Plant Cell Physiol., 22(5), 867-880.
  • North Anadolu Clean Air Center Directorate (2016). Kastamonu Province Air Quality Analysis Report (2010-2016). www.kiathm.csb.gov.tr.
  • Ogagaoghene AJ (2017). pH level, Ascorbic Acid, Proline and Soluble Sugar as Bio - indicators for Pollution. Chem Search Journal, 8(2), 41- 49.
  • Pearson D, Melon H, Ronald S (1976). Chemical analysis of Food,8th edition. Churchill Livingstone. pp 5-63.
  • Pimple NS (2017). Adverse Effect of Air Pollutants on the Chlorophyll Content in Leaves from Pune, Maharashtra (India), International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 44(2),131-135.
  • Pukacka S, Pukacki PM (2000). Seasonal changes in antioxidant level of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles exposed to industrial pollution, I. Ascorbate and thiol content, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 22(4),451-456.
  • Ramel F, Birtic S, Ginies C, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Triantaphylides C, Havaux M (2012). Carotenoid oxidation products are stress signals that mediate gene responses to singlet oxygen in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 5535-5540.
  • Rathinasabapathi B (2000). Metabolic engineering for stress tolerance: installing osmoprotectant synthesis pathways, Ann Bot 86,709-16.
  • Rezanejad F (2009). Air pollution effects on structure, proteins and flavonoids in pollen grains of Thuja orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) Grana, 48: 205-213.
  • Rüdiger W (2003). The last step of clorophyll synthesis, in: K.M. Kadish, K.M. Smith, R. Guilard (Eds.), The Porphyrin Handbook, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 71-108.
  • Sanaeirad H, Majd A, Abbaspour H, Peyvandi M (2017). The Effect of Air Pollution on Proline and Protein Content and Activity of Nitrate Reductase Enzyme in Laurus nobilis L. Plants, Journal of Molecular Biology Research, 7(1).
  • Seyyednejad SM, Niknejad M, Yusefi M (2009). The Effect of Air Pollution on Some Morphological and Biochemical Factors of Callistemon citrinus in Petrochemical Zone in South of Iran, Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 8, 562-565.
  • Shimazaki K, Sakaki T, Sugahara K (1980). Active oxygen participation in chlorophyll destruction and lipid peroxidation in SO2-fumigated leaves of SpinachStudies on the Effects of Air Pollutants on Plants and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity:Res. Rep. Natl Inst. Environ. Stud., Japan 11,91-101.
  • Shiragave PD, Ramteke AA, Patil SD (2015). Plant responses to vehicular pollution: specific effect on photosynthetic pigments of plants at divider of NH-4 highway Nipani Area, Karnataka State,India. Central European Journal of Experimental Biology4 (2):1-4.
  • Sofo A, Dichio B, Xiloyannis C, Masia A (2004). Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree. Plant Science 166, 293-302.
  • Strand Å, Hurry V, Henkes S, Huner N, Gustafsson P, Gardeström P, Stitt M (1999). Acclimation of Arabidopsis leaves developing at low temperatures. Increasing cytoplasmic volume accompanies increased activities of enzymes in the Calvin Cycle and in the sucrose-biosynthesis pathway, Plant Physiol 119,1387-97.
  • Strand M (1993). Photosynthetic activity of Scot pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles during winter is affected by exposure to SO2 and NO2 during summer, New Phytol 23,133-141.
  • Tıngey DT, Fıtes RC, Wıckle C (2006). Activity Changes in Selected Enzymes from Soybean Leaves Following Ozone Exposure, Physiologia Plantarum 33(4),316-320.
  • Tiwari SH (2013). Air pollution induced changes in foliar morphology of two shrub species at Indore city, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2, 195-199.
  • Tripathi AK, Gautam M (2007). Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution, Journal of Environmental Biology 28(1): 127-132.
  • Varshney SRK, Varshney CK (1985). Response of peroxidase to low levels of SO2. Environ. Exp. Bot., 25,107-114.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Biodiversity, Environmental Management and Policy, Sustainable Forestry
Authors

Nezahat Turfan 0000-0002-5753-0390

Özlem Meşe 0000-0001-9060-0816

Publication Date August 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Turfan, N., & Meşe, Ö. (2019). Effects of Air Pollution on Some Chemical Compounds of Cherry Laurel (Prunus Laurocerasus L.) in Kastamonu. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 486-494.


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