Spatial Analysis of Crimes Against Property According to Crime Theories

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 44, 911 - 936, 31.12.2020

Özlem Dündar , Cüneyt Kesbiç

https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.721639

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Crime, which is an important danger for the life and property safety of the society leads to social unrest. In this study it is aimed to analyze the spatial dependency of crimes against property according to crime theories. The spatial dependency of crimes against property, Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) of according to NUTS2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Second Level (26 subregions)) is investigated by the spatial panel data analysis. In the study the annual data set for the period 2008-2018 is used for theft, fraud and looting crimes, since the data set for damage to property started in 2013, the period 2013-2018 is analyzed for this crime type. Empirical findings reached show that the border neighborhood affects the crimes against property in positive direction. This situation is of great importance for the society. In this study the results of the analysis are associated with crime theories and it is seen that crimes against property are related to economic, sociological and psychological theories.

Keywords

Crimes Against Property, Crime Theories, Spatial Panel Data Analysis

MALVARLIĞINA KARŞI İŞLENEN SUÇLARIN SUÇ TEORİLERİNE GÖRE MEKANSAL ANALİZİ

Abstract

Toplumun can ve mal güvenliği açısından önemli bir tehlike unsuru olan suç toplumsal huzursuzluğa yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçların mekansal bağımlılığının suç teorilerine göre analizinin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçların mekansal bağımlılığı, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’nun ikinci düzey istatistiki bölge birimleri sınıflandırmasına (İBBS2) göre mekansal panel veri analiziyle araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada hırsızlık, dolandırıcılık ve yağma suçları için 2008-2018 dönemine ait yıllık veri setinden yararlanılmış, mala zarar verme suçuna ait veri setinin 2013 yılından başlaması nedeniyle bu suç türü için 2013-2018 dönemi analiz edilmiştir. Ulaşılan ampirik bulgular, sınır komşuluğunun malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçları pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu durum toplum açısından büyük önem arz etmek etmektedir. Bu nedenle analiz sonuçları suç teorileriyle ilişkilendirilmiş, malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçların ekonomik, sosyolojik ve psikolojik teorilerle ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Malvarlığına Karşı İşlenen Suçlar, Suç Teorileri, Mekansal Panel Veri Analizi

References

• Aaltonen, M. , Macdonald, J. M. , Martikainen, P. ve Kivivuor, J. (2013). Examining the Generality of the Unemployment Crime Association. Amerikan Society of Criminology, 51(3), 561- 594.
• Adler, F. , Mueller, G. O. W. Ve Laufer, W. S. (1991). Criminology, New York: McGraw-HillInc.
• Akıncı-Sokullu F. (2002). Kriminoloji, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
• Aksu, H. ve Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970- 2007)”. Sosyoekonomi1/ 100110, 191- 214.
• Altındağ, D. T. (2011). Crime and Unemployment: Evidencefrom Europe. Auburn University Department of Economics Working Paper Series,1-45.
• Anselin, L. (2001). Spatial Econometrics. B. H. Baltagi (Ed.). A Companion to Theoretical Econometrics (311-329). USA: Blackwell publishing.
• Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Anselin, L. ve A. K. Bera (1998). Spatial Dependence In Linear Regression Models With An Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. A. Ullah ve D. E. A. Giles (Ed.). Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics (237-289). New York: Marcel Dekker.
• Ata, Y. A. (2011). Ücretler, İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4, 113-134.
• Baharom, A. H. ve Habibullah, S. M. (2008). Is Crime Cointegrated with Income and Unemployment?: A Panel Data Analysis on Selected European Countries. Munich Personal Repec Archive: 1- 10.
• Baharom, A. H. ve Habibullah, S. M. (2009). Income, Unemployment and Crime: Panel Data Analysis on Selected European Countries. 9th Global Conference on Businesss Economics: 1-11.
• Beirne, P. ve Messerschmidt, J. (1991). Criminology. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
• Boaitey, A. (2013). Crime and Unemployment in Turbulent Times: A Canadian Perspective. Research Gate, 1-18.
• Buonanno, P. , Drago, F. ve Galbiati, R. (2014). Response of Crime to Unemployment: An International Comparison. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30, 29-40.
• Carmichael, F. & R. Ward (2001) “Male Unemployment and Crime in England and Wales” , Economics Letters, 73, 111–115.
• Chamlin, M. B. ve Cochran, J. K. (2000). Unemployment, Economic Theory, and Property Crime: A Note on Measurement. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16 (4), 443-455.
• Demirbaş, T. (2014). Kriminoloji. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Dündar, Ö. (2017). Malvarlığına Karşı İşlenen Suçlar ile İşsizlik Arasındaki İlişkinin Mekansal Bağımlılığı: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Manisa.
• Dündar, Ö. ve Kesbiç (2019). Türkiye’de Malvarlığına Karşı İşlenen Suçların Mekansal Bağımlılığı. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 171-188.
• Edmark, K. (2003). The Effects of Unemployment on Property Crime: Evidence From a Period of Unusually Large Swings in the Business Cycle. Working Paper Series, 14, 1-27.
• Edmark, K. (2005). Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection?. Journal of Economics, 107(2) 353–373.
• Elhorst, P. J. (2003). Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models. International Regional Science Review, 26(3), 244-268.
• Elliott, C. ve Ellingworth, D. (1998). Exploring the Relationship Between Unemployment and Property Crime. Applied Economics Letters, 5(8), 527-530.
• Elliott, C. ve Ellingworth, D. (1996). The Relationship Between Unemployment and Crime A Cross-Sectional Analysis Employing the British Crime Survey 1992. InternationaalJournal of Manpower, 17(6/7), 81-88.
• Entorf, H. Ve Sieger, P. (2014). Does the Link Between Unemployment and Crime Depend on the Crime Level? A Quantile Regression Approach. Forschungs institut Zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No 8334, 2- 32.
• Fallahi, F. , Pourtaghi, H. ve Rodriguez, G. (2012). The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility and Crime. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(6), 440-448.
• Garofalo, R. B. (1957). Criminologia Suç, Suçlu ve Ceza (M. Göklü Çev.). İstanbul: Nurgök Matbaası.
• Gillani, S. Y. M. , Khan, R. E. A. ve Gill, A. R. (2011). Unemployment and Property Crimes in Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 1(3), 125-135.
• Gronqvist, H. (2011). Youth Unemployment and Crime: New Lessons Exploring Longitudinal Register Data. Swedish Institute for Social Research, Working Paper No 7: 1- 37.
• Hagan, F. E. (1991). Introduction To Criminology Theories, Methods and Criminal Behaviour. Chicago: Nelson Hall Series in Sociology.
• Haskell, M. R. ve Yablonsky, L. (1983). Criminology: Crime and Criminality. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
• Hooghe, M. ve Vanhoutte, B. , Hardyns, W. ve Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium 2001–06. Brit. J. Criminol, 51, 1-20.
• İçli, G. T. (2007). Kriminoloji. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Janko, Z. ve G. Popli (2013). Examining the Link Between Crime and Unemployment: A Time Series Analysis for Canada. Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series, SERP Number 201300: 2- 20.
• Lastauskas, P. ve Tatsi, E. (2013). Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Germany. University of Cambridge Cambridge Working Papers in Economics: 1-50.
• Lesage, J. P. ve Pace, K. R. (2009). Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. United States of America: Taylor &Francis Goup CRC Press.
• Lester, B. Y. (1995). Property Crime and Unemployment: A New Perspective. Applied Economics Letters, 2(5), 159-162.
• Maddah, M. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Unemployment and Theft Crimes. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(1), 50-53.
• Mccaghy, C. H. , Capron, T. A. ve Jamieson, J. D. (2003). Deviant Behaviour Crime, Conflict and Interest Groups, Boston.
• Melick, M. D. (2003). The Relationship Between Crime and Unemployment. The Park Place Economist Article 13, 11(1), 30-36.
• Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press.
• Narayan, P. K. ve Smyth, R. (2004). Crime Rates, Male Youth Unemployment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence From Granger Causality Tests. Applied Economics, 36, 2079–2095.
• Nilsson, A. ve Agell, J. (2003). Crime, Unemployment and Labor Market Programs in Turbulent Times. IFAU- Institute For Labour Market Policy Evaluation, Working Paper No 14, 1-31.
• Polat, O. (2004). Kriminoloji ve Kriminalistik Üzerine Notlar Suç Suçlu Suç Yeri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
• Poutvaara, P. ve Priks, M. (2007). Unemploymentand Gang Crime: Can Prosperity Backfire?. Forschungsinstitut Zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No 2710: 2- 15.
• Raphael, S. ve Winter-Ebmer, R. (2001). Identifying The Effect of Unemployment on Crime. Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
• Saridakis, G. ve H. Spengler (2009). Crime, Deterrence and Unemployment in Greece: A Panel Data Approach. Deutsches Institut für Wirtschafts Forschung, Discussion Papers 853: 2-9.
• Siegel, L. J. (1989). Criminology. San Francisco: West Publishing Company.
• Smith, D. M. , Devine, J. A. ve J. F. Sheley (1992). Crime and Unemployment: Effects Across Age and Race Categories. Sociological Perspective. 35 (4), 551-572.
• Speziale, N. (2014). Does Unemployment Increase Crime? Evidence From Italian Provinces. Applied Economics Letters, 21(15), 1083-1089.
• Sutherland, E. H. (1939). Principles of Criminology. Chicago: J. B. Lippincott Company.
• Tsushima, M. (1996). Economic Structure and Crime: The Case of Japan. The Journal of Socio Economics, 25(4), 497-515.
• Young, T. J. (1993). Unemployment and Property Crime: Not a Simple Relationship. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 5(4), 413-415.
• Witt, R. , Clarke, A. ve Fielding, N. (1998). Crime, Earnings Inequality and Unemployment in England and Wales. Applied Economics Letters, 5(4), 265-267.
• Wu, D. ve Wu, Z. (2011). Crime, Inequality and Unemployment in England and Wales. Applied Economics, 44(29), 1- 28.