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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>beta</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2548-0707</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mehmet SONGUR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25229/beta.1793127</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Political Economy Theory</subject>
                                                            <subject>Informal Economy</subject>
                                                            <subject>Behavioural Economy</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ekonomi Politik Teorisi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Kayıt Dışı Ekonomi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Davranışsal İktisat</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Border Economics, Subsistence Ethics: A Qualitative Study of Karıncalık in Silopi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Sınırın Ekonomisi, Geçimin Ahlakı: Silopi’de Karıncalık Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-4372</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aras</surname>
                                    <given-names>Engin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ŞIRNAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SİLOPİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, YÖNETİM VE ORGANİZASYON BÖLÜMÜ, LOJİSTİK PR.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-7680</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Osmanoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ali</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ŞIRNAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250929">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260312">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study examines how individuals in Silopi, a district of Şırnak in southeastern Türkiye, who have become invisible yet critical actors in the local economy through their engagement in the small-scale illegal border trade known as “karıncalık,” make sense of this activity. The study adopts Amartya Sen’s capability approach as its primary theoretical framework, while James C. Scott’s livelihood ethics serves as a complementary analytical lens for understanding the moral legitimacy and everyday adaptive practices that shape the karıncalık phenomenon. Field data are drawn from semi-structured interviews with 11 ants and 9 local shopkeepers, as well as descriptive observations. Because audio recording was not permitted, interviews were documented through concurrent note-taking, which was immediately expanded into detailed field records. The findings of the thematic analysis show that karıncalık functions as a compulsory livelihood strategy shaped by structural unemployment, limited capability sets, intense regulatory oversight, fragile income cycles, and conditions of pervasive uncertainty. Participants describe this activity not as a voluntary choice but as a necessary means of survival, noting that they would abandon it if stable employment were available. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that the practice of karıncalık constitutes a livelihood activity that transcends the legal–illegal dichotomy and is shaped within capability constraints and locally constructed networks of moral legitimacy.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin güneydoğusundaki Şırnak ilinin Silopi ilçesinde “karıncalık” olarak adlandırılan küçük ölçekli yasa dışı sınır ticaretini yürüttükleri için yerel ekonominin görünmez ancak kritik bir aktörü hâline gelen bireylerin bu faaliyeti nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını incelemektedir. Çalışma, Amartya Sen’in yapabilirlik yaklaşımını temel teorik çerçeve olarak benimsemekte; James C. Scott’ın geçim etiği yaklaşımı ise karıncalık pratiğinin ahlaki meşruiyetini ve gündelik uyarlanma biçimlerini anlamada tamamlayıcı bir analitik lens olarak kullanılmaktadır. Saha verileri, 11 karınca ve 9 esnafla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelere ve betimsel gözlemlere dayanmaktadır. Ses kaydı alınamaması nedeniyle görüşmeler eşzamanlı notlarla kaydedilmiş, notlar hemen sonrasında genişletilmiş saha kayıtlarına dönüştürülmüştür. Tematik analiz bulguları, karıncalık faaliyetinin yapısal işsizlik, sınırlı yapabilirlik alanı, yoğun denetim, kırılgan gelir döngüleri ve belirsizlik koşullarında şekillenen mecburi bir geçim stratejisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Katılımcılar, bu faaliyeti gönüllü bir tercih olarak değil, hayatlarını sürdürebilmeleri için zorunlu bir seçenek olarak tanımlamakta; düzenli bir iş imkânı sağlandığında bırakabileceklerini ifade etmektedirler. Sonuç olarak çalışma, karıncalık pratiğinin yasal–yasa dışı ikiliğinin ötesine geçen, yapabilirlik kısıtları ve yerel ahlaki meşruiyet ağları içinde şekillenen bir geçim faaliyeti olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İllegal Sınır Ticareti</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İktisadi Ahlak</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Enformel Ekonomi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Border Smuggling</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Economic Ethics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Informal Economy</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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