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Effects of commonly used pesticides (demond, granland and safacol) on non-targeted organisms (wheat plant, soil nematodes, microfungi and aerobic mesophilic bacteria) in Muş Province, Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 16 - 24, 18.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17678/beuscitech.727148

Abstract

Chemical drugs (pesticides) that are xenobiotic to the nature of agricultural agro-ecosystems affect the target organism and non-target factors. The efficiency and reliability of agricultural areas are important not only for living creatures in the environment but also for the community. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Demond EC 2.5 (insecticide), Granland DF (herbicide) and Safacol 70 WP (fungicide) pesticides, which are widely used in the agricultural areas of Muş, on the development of non-target wheat plant, free-living nematodes, microfungi, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria communities. The study was performed in three replicates in the variance analysis method for repeated measurements in laboratory conditions. Pesticides were applied by spraying to the pots including one kg of soil as recommended and upper doses, respectively, with the help of an injector. Repeated Measurement ANOVA and Profile Analysis Technique were used in the comparison of treatments in terms of nematode, bacteria and microfungi numbers (before-after), and the Analysis of Means (ANOM) Technique in comparing treatments in terms of plant parameters. As a result of the experiments; While the effect of only periods is important for the bacteria combination (P=0.001); for the microfungi community, both periods (P=0.004) and Period × Treatment interaction were found significant (P=0.050). Periodic × Treatment interaction was statistically significant for plant-parasitic, omnivore-predator, bacterivore and total nematodes respectively (P=0.002; P=0.004; P=0.001; P=0.000). As a result; the pesticides used had more or less positive effects on the microfungi community, while they had a negative effect on the bacteria community; According to trophic levels, soil nematodes and plant parameters were found to have a positive/negative effect. It is thought that pesticides should be used in the last resort and recommended dosage, without forgetting that the soil is complex and all living things share this environment.

Thanks

We would like to thank Prof. Mehmet MENDEŞ, Asst. Prof. Dr. Mehmet YILMAZ, Assoc. Prof. Fatih ÇIĞ and Assoc. Prof. Erdal SAKİN for their help in this study. Some of this study was presented as oral presentation at the Black Sea Summit 3rd International Applied Science Congress (25 - 26 April 2020, Ordu, Turkey).

References

  • AL-Ani, M.A., Hmoshi, R.M., Kanaan, I.A., and Thanoon, A.A., 2019. Effect of Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1294, No. 7, p. 072007). IOP Publishing
  • Arora, S., and Sahni, D., 2016. Pesticides Effect on Soil Microbial Ecology and Enzyme Activity-An Overview. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 1126-1132.
  • Arora, S., Arora, S., Sahni, D., Sehgal, M., Srivastava, D.S., and Singh, A., 2019. Pesticides Use and Its Effect on Soil Bacteria and Fungal Populations, Microbial Biomass Carbon and Enzymatic Activity. Curr Sci, 116(4), 643-649.
  • Baermann, G., 1917. Eine einfache Methode zur Auffindung von Ancylostomum (Nematoden) Larven in Erdproben. Geneeskd Tijdschr Ned Indie, 57, 131-137.
  • Benson, H.J., 2001. Microbiological Applications: A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. Harold J. Benson. USA: The McGraw−Hill Companies, pp. 203.
  • Boutin, C., Strandberg, B., Carpenter, D., Mathiassen, S.K., and Thomas, P.J., 2014. Herbicide Impact on Non-Target Plant Reproduction: What are the Toxicological and Ecological Implications? Environmental Pollution, 185, 295-306.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J., 1951. A Calibration of the Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analyses of Soils. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
  • Craze, B., 1990. Soil Survey Standard Test Method Soil Moisture Content. Department of Sustainable Natural Resources, 1-5.
  • Daramola, F., Afolami, S., Enikuomehin, O., Omonhinmin, C.A., Adebayo, H.A., 2015. Nematicidal Effects of Carbofuran and GC-MS Analysis of Its Residue in Pineapple Fruits. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2, 357-362.
  • Demirci, A., Katırcıoğlu, Y. Z., Demirci, F., 2002. Investigations on the effects of triazole group fungicides on some important antagonistic fungi and non-pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht) in vitro. Plant Protection Bulletin, 42(1-4), 53-65.
  • Demircioğlu, A., 2007. Determination of the Phytotoxic Effects of Some Herbicides Used on Corn to Sugarbeet (Ph. D. Thesis). Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Plant Protection, p.55, Ankara.
  • Ekundayo, E.O., 2003. Effect of Common Pesticides Used in The Niger Delta Basin of Southern Nigeria on Soil Microbial Populations. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 89(1), 35-41.
  • Findikli, Z., and Türkoğlu, Ş., 2010. The Effects of Glyphos and DDVP on Mitotic Division and Chromosomes in Allium cepa L. J Sci Cumhuriyet Univ,, 31(2), 49-62.
  • Geçit, H.H., Emeklier, H.Y., Çiftçi, C.Y., Ünver, S., and Şenay, A., 1987. Ekmeklik Buğdayda İlk Gelişme Devresinde Kök ve Toprak Üstü Organların Durumu. Türkiye Tahıl Sempozyumu, 6-9 Ekim 1987, Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bursa.
  • Güven, A., and Koç, İ., 2020a. The Effects of Satellite 20 WP, Status 330 E, Pesos 100 EcC and Pentran 22 E Pesticides on Some Soil Parameters. 3.Uluslararasi Mardin Artuklu Bilimsel Araştirmalar Kongresi, 143-144, 18-19 Ocak 2020, Mardin.
  • Güven, A., and Koç, İ., 2020b. Investigation of the Effects of Some Pesticides Commonly Used in Bitlis on Soil Nematodes. 3.Uluslararasi Mardin Artuklu Bilimsel Araştirmalar Kongresi, 149-150, 18-19 Ocak 2020, Mardin.
  • Heinonen-Tanski, H., Simojoki, P., Raininko, K., Nuormala, N., and Silvo, R., 1989. Effect of Annual Use of Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms and Sugar Beet Yields. Agricultural and Food Science, 61(1), 45-53.
  • Ilıkhan, B., and Koç, İ., 2020. Some Biological Parameters of Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) in Pesticide-Applied Vermicompost. KSU J. Agric Nat, 23(2), 367-378.
  • Johns, C., 2017. Living soils: The Role of Microorganisms in Soil Health. Fut Direct Intl, 1-7.
  • Koç, İ., and Yardım, E.N., 2019. Investigation of the Effects of Pesticides and Wood Vinegar on Some Microbial and Physico-chemical Soil Parameters. KSU J. Agric Nat, 22(6), 896-904.
  • Koç, İ., Yıldız, Ş., and Yardım, E.N., 2020. Effect of Some Pesticides and Wood Vinegar on Soil Nematodes in a Wheat Agro-Ecosystem. KSU J. Agric Nat, 23(3), 621-633.
  • Küçük, Ç., Kıvanç, M., Kınacı, E., and Kınacı, G., 2009. Trichoderma harzianum İzolatlarının Şeker Pancarında Kullanılan Bazı Fungisitlere Duyarlılıklarının in vitro'da Araştırılması. Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi TR, 7(2), 8-12.
  • Küçük, Ç., Yeşilorman, D., and Cevheri, C., 2016. Effect of Some Fungicides on Soil Biological Activities in Laboratory Conditions. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 187-201.
  • Lo, C.C., 2010. Effect of pesticides on soil microbial community. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, 45(5), 348-359.
  • Mendeş M., Dincer E., and Arslan E., 2007. "Profile Analysis and Growth Curve for Body Mass Index of Broiler Chickens Reared Under Different Feed Restrictions in Early Age", Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding, 4, 403-411.
  • Mendeş, M., 2012. Uygulamalı Bilimler için İstatistik ve Araştırma Yöntemleri. Kriter Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Niewiadomska, A., and Klama, J., 2005. Pesticide Side Effect on The Symbiotic Efficiency and Nitrogenase Activity of Rhizobiaceae Bacteria Family. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 54(1), 43-48.
  • Ören, A., Özbolat, K., and Dığrak, M., 2009. Effect of the Some Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms Which Commonly Used in Kahramanmaraş Region. KSU J. Agric Nat,12(1), 23-28.
  • Özbek, F.Ş., and Fidan, H., 2014. Pesticides Usage in Wheat Production: Case Study of Konya. KSU J. Agric Nat, 17(3), 13-18.
  • Quinn, L., de Vos, J., Fernandes-Whaley, M., Roos, C., Bouwman, H., Kylin, H., Pieters, R., and van den Berg, J., 2011. Pesticide Use in South Africa: One of the Largest Importers of Pesticides in Africa. InTech, 1, p. 49-96.
  • Römbke, J., Schmelz, R.M., and Knabe, S., 2009. Field Studies for the Assessment of Pesticides with Soil Mesofauna, in Particular Enchytraeids, Mites and Nematodes: Design and First Results. Soil Organisms, 81(2), 237–264.
  • Siddiqui, Z.S., and Ahmed, S., 2006. Combined Effects of Pesticide on Growth and Nutritive Composition of Soybean Plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(3), 721.
  • Sipan, S., 2014. Some Properties of Root and Shoot of Some Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.) Cultivars in the First Development Stage (Master Thesis), Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Msc, Department of Field Crops, p. 53, Van.
  • Sönmez, F., 2001. Tir buğdayı hatlarında ilk gelişme devresinde kök ve toprak üstü organların durumu. Türkiye 4. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 297-302, 17-21 Eylül 2001, Tekirdağ.
  • Southey, J. F., 1986. Extract of Meloidogyne Egg Masses. In: Southey JF (ed) Laboratory Methods for Work with Plants and Soil Nematodes. HMSO, London. 42-44 pp.
  • Ubuoh, E.A., Akhionbare, S.M.O., and Akhionbare, W.N., 2012. Effects of Pesticide Application on Soil Microbial Spectrum: Case Study-Fecolart Demonstration Farm, Owerri-West, Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 3(2), 34-39.
  • Wesley, B., Ajugwo, G., Adeleye, S., Ibegbulem, C., and Azuike, P., 2017. Effects of Agrochemicals (Insecticides) on Microbial Population in Soil. EC Microbiology, 8, 211-221.
  • Whitehead, A.G., and Hemming, J.R., 1965. A Comparison of Some Quantitative Methods of Extracting Small Vermiform Nematodes from Soil. Annuals of Applied Biology, 55, 25-38.
  • Yardim, E.N., and Edwards, C.A., 1998. The Effects of Chemical Pest, Disease and Weed Management Practices on The Trophic Structure of Nematode Populations in Tomato Agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 7(2), 137-147.
  • Yeates, G.W., 1971. Feeding Types and Feeding Groups in Plant and Soil Nematodes. Pedobiologia, 8, 173-79.
  • Yeates, G.W., T Bongers., de Goede R.G.M., Freckman, D.W., and GeorgIeva, S.S., 1993. Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera - An Outline for Soil Ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25, 315-331.
  • Yıldız, Ş., Koç, İ., and Yardım, E.N., 2017. Investigation on Nematode Faunal Structures in Pastures of Muş Province. YYU J AGR SCI, 27(2), 197-203.
  • Yousaf, S., Khan, S., and Aslam, M.T., 2013. Effect of Pesticides on the Soil Microbial Activity. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45(4), 1063-1067.
Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 16 - 24, 18.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17678/beuscitech.727148

Abstract

References

  • AL-Ani, M.A., Hmoshi, R.M., Kanaan, I.A., and Thanoon, A.A., 2019. Effect of Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1294, No. 7, p. 072007). IOP Publishing
  • Arora, S., and Sahni, D., 2016. Pesticides Effect on Soil Microbial Ecology and Enzyme Activity-An Overview. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(2), 1126-1132.
  • Arora, S., Arora, S., Sahni, D., Sehgal, M., Srivastava, D.S., and Singh, A., 2019. Pesticides Use and Its Effect on Soil Bacteria and Fungal Populations, Microbial Biomass Carbon and Enzymatic Activity. Curr Sci, 116(4), 643-649.
  • Baermann, G., 1917. Eine einfache Methode zur Auffindung von Ancylostomum (Nematoden) Larven in Erdproben. Geneeskd Tijdschr Ned Indie, 57, 131-137.
  • Benson, H.J., 2001. Microbiological Applications: A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. Harold J. Benson. USA: The McGraw−Hill Companies, pp. 203.
  • Boutin, C., Strandberg, B., Carpenter, D., Mathiassen, S.K., and Thomas, P.J., 2014. Herbicide Impact on Non-Target Plant Reproduction: What are the Toxicological and Ecological Implications? Environmental Pollution, 185, 295-306.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J., 1951. A Calibration of the Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analyses of Soils. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
  • Craze, B., 1990. Soil Survey Standard Test Method Soil Moisture Content. Department of Sustainable Natural Resources, 1-5.
  • Daramola, F., Afolami, S., Enikuomehin, O., Omonhinmin, C.A., Adebayo, H.A., 2015. Nematicidal Effects of Carbofuran and GC-MS Analysis of Its Residue in Pineapple Fruits. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2, 357-362.
  • Demirci, A., Katırcıoğlu, Y. Z., Demirci, F., 2002. Investigations on the effects of triazole group fungicides on some important antagonistic fungi and non-pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht) in vitro. Plant Protection Bulletin, 42(1-4), 53-65.
  • Demircioğlu, A., 2007. Determination of the Phytotoxic Effects of Some Herbicides Used on Corn to Sugarbeet (Ph. D. Thesis). Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Plant Protection, p.55, Ankara.
  • Ekundayo, E.O., 2003. Effect of Common Pesticides Used in The Niger Delta Basin of Southern Nigeria on Soil Microbial Populations. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 89(1), 35-41.
  • Findikli, Z., and Türkoğlu, Ş., 2010. The Effects of Glyphos and DDVP on Mitotic Division and Chromosomes in Allium cepa L. J Sci Cumhuriyet Univ,, 31(2), 49-62.
  • Geçit, H.H., Emeklier, H.Y., Çiftçi, C.Y., Ünver, S., and Şenay, A., 1987. Ekmeklik Buğdayda İlk Gelişme Devresinde Kök ve Toprak Üstü Organların Durumu. Türkiye Tahıl Sempozyumu, 6-9 Ekim 1987, Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bursa.
  • Güven, A., and Koç, İ., 2020a. The Effects of Satellite 20 WP, Status 330 E, Pesos 100 EcC and Pentran 22 E Pesticides on Some Soil Parameters. 3.Uluslararasi Mardin Artuklu Bilimsel Araştirmalar Kongresi, 143-144, 18-19 Ocak 2020, Mardin.
  • Güven, A., and Koç, İ., 2020b. Investigation of the Effects of Some Pesticides Commonly Used in Bitlis on Soil Nematodes. 3.Uluslararasi Mardin Artuklu Bilimsel Araştirmalar Kongresi, 149-150, 18-19 Ocak 2020, Mardin.
  • Heinonen-Tanski, H., Simojoki, P., Raininko, K., Nuormala, N., and Silvo, R., 1989. Effect of Annual Use of Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms and Sugar Beet Yields. Agricultural and Food Science, 61(1), 45-53.
  • Ilıkhan, B., and Koç, İ., 2020. Some Biological Parameters of Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) in Pesticide-Applied Vermicompost. KSU J. Agric Nat, 23(2), 367-378.
  • Johns, C., 2017. Living soils: The Role of Microorganisms in Soil Health. Fut Direct Intl, 1-7.
  • Koç, İ., and Yardım, E.N., 2019. Investigation of the Effects of Pesticides and Wood Vinegar on Some Microbial and Physico-chemical Soil Parameters. KSU J. Agric Nat, 22(6), 896-904.
  • Koç, İ., Yıldız, Ş., and Yardım, E.N., 2020. Effect of Some Pesticides and Wood Vinegar on Soil Nematodes in a Wheat Agro-Ecosystem. KSU J. Agric Nat, 23(3), 621-633.
  • Küçük, Ç., Kıvanç, M., Kınacı, E., and Kınacı, G., 2009. Trichoderma harzianum İzolatlarının Şeker Pancarında Kullanılan Bazı Fungisitlere Duyarlılıklarının in vitro'da Araştırılması. Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi TR, 7(2), 8-12.
  • Küçük, Ç., Yeşilorman, D., and Cevheri, C., 2016. Effect of Some Fungicides on Soil Biological Activities in Laboratory Conditions. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 187-201.
  • Lo, C.C., 2010. Effect of pesticides on soil microbial community. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, 45(5), 348-359.
  • Mendeş M., Dincer E., and Arslan E., 2007. "Profile Analysis and Growth Curve for Body Mass Index of Broiler Chickens Reared Under Different Feed Restrictions in Early Age", Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding, 4, 403-411.
  • Mendeş, M., 2012. Uygulamalı Bilimler için İstatistik ve Araştırma Yöntemleri. Kriter Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Niewiadomska, A., and Klama, J., 2005. Pesticide Side Effect on The Symbiotic Efficiency and Nitrogenase Activity of Rhizobiaceae Bacteria Family. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 54(1), 43-48.
  • Ören, A., Özbolat, K., and Dığrak, M., 2009. Effect of the Some Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms Which Commonly Used in Kahramanmaraş Region. KSU J. Agric Nat,12(1), 23-28.
  • Özbek, F.Ş., and Fidan, H., 2014. Pesticides Usage in Wheat Production: Case Study of Konya. KSU J. Agric Nat, 17(3), 13-18.
  • Quinn, L., de Vos, J., Fernandes-Whaley, M., Roos, C., Bouwman, H., Kylin, H., Pieters, R., and van den Berg, J., 2011. Pesticide Use in South Africa: One of the Largest Importers of Pesticides in Africa. InTech, 1, p. 49-96.
  • Römbke, J., Schmelz, R.M., and Knabe, S., 2009. Field Studies for the Assessment of Pesticides with Soil Mesofauna, in Particular Enchytraeids, Mites and Nematodes: Design and First Results. Soil Organisms, 81(2), 237–264.
  • Siddiqui, Z.S., and Ahmed, S., 2006. Combined Effects of Pesticide on Growth and Nutritive Composition of Soybean Plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(3), 721.
  • Sipan, S., 2014. Some Properties of Root and Shoot of Some Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.) Cultivars in the First Development Stage (Master Thesis), Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Msc, Department of Field Crops, p. 53, Van.
  • Sönmez, F., 2001. Tir buğdayı hatlarında ilk gelişme devresinde kök ve toprak üstü organların durumu. Türkiye 4. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 297-302, 17-21 Eylül 2001, Tekirdağ.
  • Southey, J. F., 1986. Extract of Meloidogyne Egg Masses. In: Southey JF (ed) Laboratory Methods for Work with Plants and Soil Nematodes. HMSO, London. 42-44 pp.
  • Ubuoh, E.A., Akhionbare, S.M.O., and Akhionbare, W.N., 2012. Effects of Pesticide Application on Soil Microbial Spectrum: Case Study-Fecolart Demonstration Farm, Owerri-West, Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 3(2), 34-39.
  • Wesley, B., Ajugwo, G., Adeleye, S., Ibegbulem, C., and Azuike, P., 2017. Effects of Agrochemicals (Insecticides) on Microbial Population in Soil. EC Microbiology, 8, 211-221.
  • Whitehead, A.G., and Hemming, J.R., 1965. A Comparison of Some Quantitative Methods of Extracting Small Vermiform Nematodes from Soil. Annuals of Applied Biology, 55, 25-38.
  • Yardim, E.N., and Edwards, C.A., 1998. The Effects of Chemical Pest, Disease and Weed Management Practices on The Trophic Structure of Nematode Populations in Tomato Agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 7(2), 137-147.
  • Yeates, G.W., 1971. Feeding Types and Feeding Groups in Plant and Soil Nematodes. Pedobiologia, 8, 173-79.
  • Yeates, G.W., T Bongers., de Goede R.G.M., Freckman, D.W., and GeorgIeva, S.S., 1993. Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera - An Outline for Soil Ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25, 315-331.
  • Yıldız, Ş., Koç, İ., and Yardım, E.N., 2017. Investigation on Nematode Faunal Structures in Pastures of Muş Province. YYU J AGR SCI, 27(2), 197-203.
  • Yousaf, S., Khan, S., and Aslam, M.T., 2013. Effect of Pesticides on the Soil Microbial Activity. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45(4), 1063-1067.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Koç 0000-0003-0803-6801

Emrullah Urgan 0000-0003-0131-3052

Ayşenur Güven 0000-0002-0976-7545

Birgül Ilıkhan This is me 0000-0003-4629-1192

Publication Date June 18, 2020
Submission Date April 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE İ. Koç, E. Urgan, A. Güven, and B. Ilıkhan, “Effects of commonly used pesticides (demond, granland and safacol) on non-targeted organisms (wheat plant, soil nematodes, microfungi and aerobic mesophilic bacteria) in Muş Province, Turkey”, Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 16–24, 2020, doi: 10.17678/beuscitech.727148.