FARKLI MESLEK GRUPLARI ARASINDA GÜVENLIK KÜLTÜRÜ VE GÜVENLIK MOTIVASYONU FARKLILIKLARI

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 317 - 340, 26.12.2024

Sertaç Temur , Ahmet Ebrar Sakallı , Hamdi Emre Bağıran , Zeynep Feride Olcay , Mehmet Ali Badem

https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1539741

Abstract

Türkiye'de 100 bin çalışan başına düşen ölümlü kaza oranı yaklaşık 11 kişi olarak kaydedilmiştir. İşyerlerinde oluşturulan güvenlik kültürü, bu oranların düşürülmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Güvenlik motivasyonuna sahip çalışanların olumlu güvenlik davranışları sergiledikleri gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı meslek gruplarına mensup bireylerin güvenlik kültürü ve güvenlik motivasyonuna yönelik tutum ve davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu çalışmada Fung tarafından yapılan ölçek farklı sektörlerdeki meslek gruplarına uygulanmıştır. Ölçekler için Türkçe uyarlama ve geçerlilik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca ANOVA testi, parametrik testler, bağımsız örneklem t testi kullanılmıştır.
Analiz sonuçları güvenlik iklimi ölçeğinin dört faktörlü, güvenlik motivasyonunun ise tek faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yönetimin güvenlik tutumu, örgütsel bağlılık ve iletişim faktörleri meslek grupları ve sektörler açısından incelendiğinde akademik sektörün diğer gruplara göre daha az örgütsel bağlılığa ve güvenlik tutumuna sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak meslek grupları ve sektörler arasındaki analizler incelendiğinde güvenlik motivasyonu kapsamında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.
Sonuç olarak, güvenlikle ilgilenen yönetim veya liderler çalışanların risk alma oranlarını azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca, eğitim sektöründeki akademisyenler ve çalışanlar daha az güvenlik tutumu göstermekte ve daha az örgütsel bağlılığa sahip olmaktadır.

Keywords

Güvenlik Kültürü, Güvenlik İklimi, Güvenlik Motivasyonu, Örgütsel Bağlılık, İşletme

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi'nden alınmıştır. Etik kurul belgesi dosyalar kısmında sunulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

Proje kapsamında değildir

Thanks

-

DIFFERENCES IN SAFETY CULTURE AND SAFETY MOTIVATION AMONG DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS

Abstract

In Turkey, the rate of fatal accidents per 100 thousand workers has been recorded as approximately 11 people per 100 thousand employees. The safety culture created in the workplaces, plays a significant role at reducing these rates. Employees with safety motivation are observed to exhibit positive safety behaviors. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the behaviors and attitudes of individuals belonging to different occupational groups towards safety culture and safety motivation. In this study, the scale conducted by Fung was applied to occupational groups in different sectors. Turkish adaptation and validity studies were carried out for the scales. In addition, ANOVA test, parametric tests, independent sample t test were used.
The results of analyses have showed that the safety climate scale has a four-factor structure, and the safety motivation has a single-factor structure. When the safety attitude of the management, organization-al commitment and communication factors are examined in terms of occupational groups and sectors, it has been observed that academic sector has less organizational commitment and safety attitude than the other groups. However, when the analyzes between occupational groups and sectors were examined, no significant difference was found within the scope of safety motivation.
In conclusion, the management or leaders who are involved in safety reduce the risk-taking rates of the employees. In addition, academicians and workers in educational sector show less safety attitude and have less organizational commitment.

Keywords

Safety Culture, Safety Climate, Safety Motivation, Organizational Commitment, Business Administration

Project Number

Proje kapsamında değildir

References

• Abdullah, M. S., Othman, Y. H., Osman, A., & Salahudin, S. N. (2016). Safety culture behaviour in electronics manufacturing sector (EMS) in Malaysia: The case of flextronics. Procedia economics and finance, 35, 454-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00056-3 Al-Bayati, A. J. (2021). Impact of construction safety culture and construction safety climate on safety behavior and safety motivation. Safety, 7(2), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety7020041 Bayram, N. (2010). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş AMOS Uygulamaları. Ezgi Kitabevi. ISBN: 9758606891, 9789758606894
• Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. A&C Black.
• Choudhry, R. M., Fang, D., & Mohamed, S. (2007) The nature of safety culture: A survey of the state-of-the-art. Safety science, 45(10), 993-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.09.003
• Christian, M. S., Bradley, J. C., Wallace, J. C., & Burke, M. J. Workplace Safety: A Meta-Analysis of the Roles of Person and Situation Factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1103–1127. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016172
• Clarke, S. (2000). Safety culture: under‐specified and overrated?. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(1), 65-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00031
• Çokluk Ö., Şekercioğlu G., Büyüköztürk Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik, Pagem Akademi, Ankara, 203.
• Cooper, M. D. (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety science, 36(2), 111-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00035-7
• Creed, P. A., & Machin, M. A. (2003). Multidimensional properties of the Access to Categories of Experience scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(2), 85. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.19.2.85
• Crossman, D. C. (2008). The impact of safety culture on worker motivation and the economic bottom line (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Website: https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/impact-safety-culture-on-worker-motivation/docview/304816593/se-2 (Last Access: 24.05.2023)
• Doğan, N., Soysal, S., & Karaman, H. (2017). Aynı örnekleme açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanabilir mi?. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 373-400. Website: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318393409_AYNI_ORNEKLEME_ACIMLAYICI_VE_DOGRULAYICI_FAKTOR_ANALIZI_UYGULANABILIR_MI (Last Access: 24.05.2023)
• Eurostat. (2020, April 28). Are EU citizens safe at work?. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/-/edn-20200428-1 (Last Access: 24.08.2023)
• Fung, I. W., Tam, C. M., Tung, K. C., & Man, A. S. (2005). Safety cultural divergences among management, supervisory and worker groups in Hong Kong construction industry. International journal of project management, 23(7), 504-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.03.009 Gao, Y., Fan, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., & Pei, J. (2019). The mediating role of safety management practices in process safety culture in the Chinese oil industry. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 57, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2018.11.017
• George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056765
• Guennoc, F., Chauvin, C., & Le Coze, J. C. (2019). The activities of occupational health and safety specialists in a high-risk industry. Safety Science, 112, 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.10.004
• Guldenmund, F. W. (2000). The nature of safety culture: a review of theory and research. Safety science, 34(1-3), 215-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00014-X
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN: 129202190X, 9781292021904
• Hedlund, A., Gummesson, K., Rydell, A., & Andersson, M. (2016). Safety motivation at work: Evaluation of changes from six interventions. Safety science, 82, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.09.006
• Hogarty, K. Y., Hines, C. V., Kromrey, J. D., Ferron, J. M., & Mumford, K. R. (2005). The quality of factor solutions in exploratory factor analysis: The influence of sample size, communality, and overdetermination. Educational and psychological measurement, 65(2), 202-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404267287
• Karakoç, F. Y., & Dönmez, L. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 13(40), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.228738 Kline, Paul (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge, 2014. Website: An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis - Paul Kline - Google Kitaplar (Last Access: 24.04.2023)
• Line, M. B., Nordland, O., Røstad, L., & Tøndel, I. A. (2006). Safety vs security? In PSAM Conference, New Orleans, USA. Website: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria-Bartnes/publication/289470660_Safety_vs_security/links/568d02eb08aefb48d4bf256c/Safety-vs-security.pdf (Last Access: 24.04.2023)
• Mearns, K., & Yule, S. The role of national culture in determining safety performance: Challenges for the global oil and gas industry. Safety science, 47(6), 777-785. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.01.009
• Neal, A. F., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Safety climate and safety at work. In J. Barling, & M. R. Frone (Eds.), The psychology of workplace safety (pp. 15–34). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10662-002
• Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2002). Safety climate and safety behaviour. Australian journal of management, 27(1_suppl), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289620202701S08
• Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of applied psychology, 91(4), 946-953. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.946
• Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety science, 34(1-3), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00008-4 Neihart, M. (1999). Systematic risk-taking. Roeper Review, 21(4), 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199909553977
• Olcay, Z. F., Sakalli, A. E., Temur, S., & Yazici, A. (2022) A study of the shift in fatal construction work-related accidents during 2012–2019 in Turkey. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, 28(3), 1522-1532. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1900503
• Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2003) Güvenlik kültürü ve iklimi. Pivolka, 2(10), 3-4. 2003. Website: https://elyadal.org/pivolka/10/PiVOLKA_10_01.pdf (Last Access: 24.04.2023)
• Parker, D., Lawrie, M., & Hudson, P. A (2006) framework for understanding the development of organisational safety culture. Safety science, 44(6), 551-562. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.10.004
• Patankar, M. S., & Sabin, E. J. (2010) The safety culture perspective. In Human factors in aviation (pp. 95-122). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374518-7.00004-3
• Reason, J. (1997) Managing the Risks of Organisational Accidents. Ashgate Publishing. Website: Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents - James Reason - Google Kitaplar (Last Access: 24.04.2023)
• Reason, J. (1998). Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice. Work & stress, 12(3), 293- 306. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379808256868
• Reason, J. (2000). Safety paradoxes and safety culture. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 7(1), 3-14.. https://doi.org/10.1076/1566-0974(200003) 7:1;1-V;FT003
• Rosenbloom, T. (2003). Risk evaluation and risky behavior of high and low sensation seekers. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 31(4), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.4.375
• Saad, N. M. (2016). PhD thesis. The influence of safety culture on safety performance in Saudi Arabian construction industry, University of Salford Manchesher, College of Science. Website: https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/influence-safety-culture-on-performance-saudi/docview/2568297409/se-2?accountid=151252 (Last Access: 24.04.2023)
• Sharma S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques, John Wiley Sonc Inc, New York, 116. ISBN: 978-0-471-31064-8. Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410604491
• Turner, B. A., Pidgeon, N., Blockley, D., & Toft, B. (1989). Safety culture: its importance in future risk management. In Position paper for the second World Bank workshop on safety control and risk management, Karlstad, Sweden (pp. 6-9).
• Vecchio-Sadus, A. M. (2007). Enhancing safety culture through effective communication. Safety Science Monitor, 11(3), 1-10.
• Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L. (1998). Affects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological methods, 3(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
• Vinodkumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. (2010). Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 2082-2093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.06.021
• Wiegmann, D. A., Zhang, H., Von Thaden, T. L., Sharma, G., & Gibbons, A. M. (2004). Safety culture: An integrative review. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14(2), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap1402_1
• Yule, S. (2003). Safety culture and safety climate: A review of the literature. Industrial Psychology Research Centre, 1-26. Website: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=29777e7c99e400b272d081ab4831eb0cf5ae5afc (Last Access: 24.04.2023)
• Yule, S., Flin, R., & Murdy, A. (2007). The role of management and safety climate in preventing risk-taking at work. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 7(2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRAM.2007.011727