Artuklular ve Eyyubiler Döneminde Kudüs'te İlmi Hayt: Karşılaştırma ve Değerlendirme

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 455 - 472, 31.12.2020

M.kamel Karabelli

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.807924

Cited By: 1

Abstract

There is no doubt that the civilizational contributions in the Artuqid and Ayyubid eras were prominent and evident, especially in the field of scientific life that represents the most important aspect of human civilization, even though the military aspect and the conflict between the various princes and Artoid rulers were dominated by them on the one hand, and sometimes between them and the Ayyubids, this did not prevent them from being interested in the scientific life on the other hand, especially in Bayt al-Maqdis, which was a subject of respect and appreciation for all Muslims with their various orientations and political affiliations. This interest was represented by the construction of schools and houses of knowledge supervised and run by a group of scholars where endowments were allocated especially to provide financial support, whether for construction and restoration of these schools or in the form of stipends for students and teachers.
To conclude a comparison is made between those two eras, to find out what distinguished each of them in the field of scientific life, and to evaluate those achievements.

Keywords

İlmi Hayt, artuk, okullar, alimler, Kudüs, Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi

الحياة العلمية في القدس في العهدين الأُرتُقي والأيوبي: موازنة وتقييم

Abstract

لا شك أن الإسهامات الحضارية في العهدين الأُرْتُقي والأيوبي كانت بارزةً واضحة المعالم، ولا سيما في مجال الحياة العلمية التي تُمثِّل الجانب الأهم من جوانب الحضارة الإنسانية، ولئن كان قد طغى على تلك الحقبتين الجانب العسكري والصراع الدائر بين مختلف الأمراء والحكام الأُرتُقِيين فيما بينهم من جهة، وفيما بينهم وبين الأيوبيين في بعض الأوقات، فإن ذلك لم يمنع من اهتمامهم كذلك بالحياة العلمية من جهة أخرى، ولا سيما في بيت المقدس الذي كان محلَّ احترام وتقدير لدى جميع المسلمين على مختلف توجهاتهم وانتماءاتهم السياسية، وقد تمثلت العناية بالحياة العلمية ببناء المدارس ودور العلم التي كان يقوم عليها وقتئذٍ جِلَّةٌ من العلماء، وكان يُخصَّص لها أوقافٌ خاصّة لتقديم الدعم المالي، سواء كان ذلك الدعم المالي لأجل البناء والترميم، أو كان على هيئة معاشات تقدَّم للطلبة والمعلمين. وفي خاتمة هذا البحث يتم عقد موازنة بين ذينك العهدين، لمعرفة ما تميز به كل عهد منهما في مجال ردف الحياة العلمية، وتقييم تلك المنجزات.

Keywords

الحياة العلمية, أُرتُق, المدارس, العلماء, بيت المقدس, صلاح الدين الأيوبي

The Scholarly Life in Bayt al-Maqdis During the era of the Artuqids and the Ayyubids: Comparison and Evaluation

Abstract

There is no doubt that the civilizational contributions in the Artuqid and Ayyubid eras were prominent and evident, especially in the field of scientific life that represents the most important aspect of human civilization. Despite the era’s military aspects and the conflict between the various princes, Artuqid and Ayyubids rulers, this did not prevent them from being interested in scholarly life, especially in Bayt al-Maqdis, which was a subject of respect and appreciation for all Muslims with their various orientations and political affiliations. This interest was represented by the construction of schools and houses of knowledge supervised and run by a group of scholars where endowments/Awqaf were allocated especially to provide financial support, whether for construction and restoration of these schools or in the form of stipends for students and teachers. In the conclusion, a comparison is made between those two eras, to find out what distinguished each of them in the field of scientific life and to evaluate those achievements.

Keywords

Scholarly life, Artuq Bey, Schools, Scholars, Bayt al-Maqdis, Salah al-Din

References

• Abul-Fida, Imad al-Din (n.d.). al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al-Bashar. Cairo: al-Matbah al-Husayniyah al-Misriyah.
• Abu-Shamah, A. (1418AH). Kitab al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn al-Nuriyah wal-Salahiyah. Beirut: Mu’asast al-Risalah.
• Ahmad, Ruwaida (2015). Al-Madrasah al-Salahiyah fi al-Quds. Master Dissertation, An-Najah University, Nablus.
• Al-Asfahani, Imad al-Din (1425AH). Hurub Salah al-Din wa-Fath Bayt al-Maqdis: Al-Fath al-Qusi fi al-Fath al-Qudsi. Beirut: Dar al-Manar.
• Al-Dhahabi, M. A. O. (2003). Tarikh al-Islam wa-Wafayat al-Mashahir wal-Alam. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
• Al-Hanbali al-Ulaymi, Mujir al-Din (1999). Al-Uns al-Jalil bi-Tarikh al-Quds wal-Khali. Hebron: Maktabat Dandis.
• Al-Husayni, Muhammad (n.d.). Zuyul al-Ibar lil-Zahabi. Kuwait: Matbat Hukumat al-Kuwait.
• Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din (n.d.). Itiaz al-Hunafa bi-Akhbar al-A’imah al-Fatimiyin al-Khulafa. Lajnat Ihya’ al-Turath al-Islami.
• Al-Nasafi, Najm al-Din (1378AH). Al-Qand fi Zikr Ulama’ Samarqand. Mu’asast al-Tiba’ah.
• Al-Qafti, Jamal al-Din (1406AH). Inba’ al-Ruwah ala Anbah al-Nuhat. Cairo: Mu’asast al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyah.
• Al-Salafi, Ahmad (n.d.). Majam al-Safar. Makkah: al-Maktabah al-Tijariyah.
• Al-Samani, AbdulKarim (1382AH). Al-Ansab. Haydarabad: Majlis Dairat al-Marif al-Uthmaniyah.
• Al-Subki, Taj al-Din (1413AH). Tabaqat al-Shafiyah al-Kubra. Hajir lil-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
• Al-Zubaidi, M. (n.d.). Taj al-Arous min Jawahir al-Qamous. Dar al-Hidayah.
• Ibn al-Adim, Umar (n.d.). Bughyat al-Talab fi Tarikh Halab. Dar al-Fikr.
• Ibn al-Arabi, Muhammad (1406AH). Qanun al-Ta’wil. Jeddah: Dar al-Qiblah lil-Thaqafah al-Islamiyah.
• Ibn al-Arabi, Muhammad (1413AH). Al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh fi al-Quran al-Karim. Maktabat al-Thaqafah al-Diniyah.
• Ibn al-Arabi, Muhammad (1424AH). Ahkam al-Quran. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
• Ibn al-Arabi, Muhammad (1992AH). Al-Qabas fi Sharh Muwata’ Malik ibn Anas. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
• Ibn al-Arabi, Muhammad (n.d.). al-Awasim min al-Qawasim. Egypt: Maktabat Dar al-Turath.
• Ibn al-Athir, Izz al-Din (1385AH). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
• Ibn al-Jawzi, Y. (1434AH). Miraat al-Zamaan fi Tawarikh al-Ayan. Damascus: Dar al-Risalah al-Almiyah.
• Ibn al-Qalanisi, Hamza (1983). Tarikh Dimashq. Damascus: Dar Hassan lil-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
• Ibn al-Wardi, Umar ibn Muzaffar (1417AH). Tarikh Ibn al-Wardi. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
• Ibn Asakir, Ali (n.d.) Tarikh Dimashq. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr.
• Ibn Fahd al-Maki, M. (1347AH). Lahz al-Alhaz bi-Zayl Tabaqat al-Hufaz lil-Zahabi. Damascus.
• Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1413AH). Tabaqat al-Shafiyin. Maktabat al-Thaqafah al-Diniyah.
• Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1418AH). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Dar Hajir.
• Ibn Khair, Muhammad (1419AH). Fahrasat Ibn Khair al-Ishbili. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
• Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1994). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
• Ibn Qadi Shuhbah, Abubakir (n.d.). Manaqib al-Imam al-Shafi.
• Ibn Shadad, Izz al-Din (1978). Al-A‘laq al-Khatirah fi Zikr Muluk al-Sham wal-Jazeera. Damascus: al-Ma‘had al-Faransi lil-Dirasat al-Arabiyah.
• Ibn Tagribardi, Y. (n.d.). Al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Qahira. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub.
• Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1377AH). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
• Kadad, Mustafa. (2020). al-Istitan al-Salibi li-Bayt al-Maqdis wa-Tahjir al-Maqdissyin. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.20/ 3, pp. 369-388.
• Kurd Ali, M. (1403AH). Khutat al-Sham. Damascus: Maktabat al-Nuri.
• Lee Strange (1985). Buldan al-Khilafah al-Sharqiyah. Beirut: Mu’asast al-Risalah.