Determination of Carbon Footprint In Rubber Industry

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 139 - 146, 10.11.2018

Veysel Mutlu Cihan Özgür Şehnaz Şule Kaplan Bekaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.434223

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to calculate the carbon footprint of
companies with an average annual production of 17,500 tons of rubber products
in Turkey. The calculations were carried out using the formula for the Tier 1
methodology of the under the "Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Approach". The interviews conducted with the facilities operating in this
area were evaluated in reaching the data related to the rubber sector. As a
result of the study, the total amount of carbon footprint per year was
estimated to be approximately 55,000,000 kg CO₂e. The highest amount
of carbon footprint belongs to the raw material-derived carbon emissions (»77%) used. For this reason, it has been
determined that Scope 3 emissions constitute the largest amount for this
sector. Carbon emissions related to electricity purchased (»12%) are in second place. Finally, proposals
have been made for the testing of different scenario implementations and
reduction of carbon emissions for the rubber sector.

Keywords

Carbon emission, carbon footprint, rubber ındustry, carbon dioxide equivalent

Kauçuk Endüstrisinde Karbon Ayak İzinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı
Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve yıllık üretimi ortalama 17.500 ton kauçuk ürün
olan bir firmanın muhtemel karbon ayak izinin belirlenmesidir. Hesaplamalar “Entegre Kirlilik Önleme ve
Kontrol Yaklaşımı” kapsamında IPCC’nin Tier-1 metodolojisine ait formül
kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kauçuk sektörü ile ilgili verilere
tesislerle gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler sonuç elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda
yıllık toplam karbon ayak izi miktarı yaklaşık 55.000.000 kg CO₂e
olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Karbon ayak izi olarak en yüksek miktar ve
dolayısıyla oran, kullanılan ham madde kaynaklı karbon emisyonuna (»%77) aittir. Bu sebeple Kapsam 3 emisyonlarının bu sektör için en büyük miktarı
oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Satın alınan elektrik ile ilgili karbon emisyonu (»%12) ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Son olarak kauçuk sektörü için farklı senaryo
uygulamalarının denenerek karbon salınımının azaltma çalışmaları yapılabilir.

Keywords

Karbon salınımı, karbon ayak izi, kauçuk endüstrisi, karbondioksit eşdeğeri

References

• Adewale, C., Higgins, S., Granatstein, D., Stöckle, C., O., Carlson, B., R., Zaher, U., E., Boggs, L., C., 2016. Identifying hotspots in the carbon footprint of a small scale organic vegetable farm. Agricultural Systems, 149, 112–121.
• BSI, 2008. How to assess the carbon footprint of goods and services. Guide to PAS 2050, London.
• Clavreul, J., Butnar, I., Rubio, V., King, H., 2017. Intra- and inter-year variability of agricultural carbon footprints e A case study on field-grown tomatoes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 158, 156-164.
• DBEIS, 2017. Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, Condensed set (for most users), https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2017. Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2018.
• Dulkadiroğlu, H., 2018. Türkiye’de Elektrik Üretiminin Sera Gazı Emisyonları Açısından İncelenmesi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 1, 67-74.
• Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R., Hoque, S., 2010. Estimating the carbon footprint of Australian Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18,3, 355-376.
• EC, 2011. Analysis of Existing Environmental Footprint Methodologies for Products and Organizations:Recommendations, Rationale, and Alignment.
• European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability.
• EPLCA, 2007. CARBON FOOTPRINT - what it is and how to measure it. European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment, European Commission – Joint Research Centre,Institute for Environment and Sustainability.
• Ercin, E. ve Hoekstra, A., Y., 2012. Carbon and Water Footprints Concepts, Methodologies and Policy Responses. United Nations World Water Assessment
• Programme, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization , Paris, France.
• Flysjö, A., Thrane, M., Hermansen, J., E., 2014. Method to assess the carbon footprint at product level in the dairy industry. International Dairy Journal, 34, 86-92.
• Galli, A., Wiedmann, T., Ercin, E., Knoblauch, D., Ewing, B., Giljum, S., 2012. Integrating ecological, carbon and water footprint into a “Footprint Family” of indicators: definition and role in tracking human pressure on the planet. Ecological Indicators, 16, 100-112.
• Garcia, C., A., Garcia-Trevino, E., S., Aguilar-Rivera, N., Armendariz, C., 2016. Carbon footprint of sugar production in Mexico. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2632-2641.
• Gunathilaka, L. F. D. Z. ve Gunawardana K. D., 2015. Carbon Footprint Calculation from Cradle to Grave: A Case Study of Rubber Manufacturing Process in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6, 10.
• Huang, B., Meng, L., 2013. Convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions in urban China: A spatio-temporal perspective. Applied Geography, 40, 21-29.Inakollu, S., Morin, R., Keefe, R., 2017. Carbon Footprint Estimation in Fiber Optics Industry: A Case Study of OFS Fitel, LLC. Sustainability, MDPI, 9, 865.
• IPCC, 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. General Guidance and Reporting, http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol1.html. Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2018.
• IPCC, 2013. Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2018.
• Mansour, F.,A., Jejcic, V., 2016. A model calculation of the carbon footprint of agricultural products: The case of Slovenia. Energy xxx, 1-9.
• Matthews , H.S., Hendrıckson, C.,T., Weber, C., L., 2008. The Importance of Carbon Footprint Estimation Boundarie. Environmental Science Technology, 42, 5839–5842.
• Meng, L., Graus, W., Worrell, E., Huang, B., 2014. Estimating CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions at urban scales by DMSP/ OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System) nighttime light imagery: Methodological challenges and a case study for China. Energy, 71, 468-478.
• Messagie,M., Mertens, J., Oliveira, L., Rangaraju, S., Sanfelix, J., Coosemans, T., Mierlo, J.,V., Macharis, C., 2014. The hourly life cycle carbon footprint of electricity generation in Belgium, bringing a temporal resolution in life cycle assessment. Applied Energy, 134, 469–476.
• PAGEV, 2015. Kauçuk Sektör İzleme Raporu. Türk Plastik Sanayicileri Araştırma Geliştirme ve Eğitim Vakfı.
• Peters, G., P., 2010. Carbon footprints and embodied carbon at multiple scales. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2, 245–50
• Puig, R., Kiliç, E., Navarro, A., Albertí, J., Chacóne, L., Palmer, P., F., 2017. Inventory analysis and carbon footprint of coastland-hotel services: A Spanish case study. Science of the Total Environment, 595, 244–254.
• Shaikh, M., A., Kucukvar, M., Onat, N., C., Kirkil, G., 2017. A framework for water and carbon footprint analysis of national electricity production scenarios. Energy, 139, 406-421.
• Strohbach, M., W., Arnold, E., Haase, D., 2012. The carbon footprint of urban green space—A life cycle approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104, 220– 229.
• Su, Y., Chen, X., Li, Y., Liao, J., Ye, Y., Zhang, H., Huang, N., Kuang, Y., 2014. China's 19-yearcity-level carbon emissions of energy consumptions, driving forces and regionalized mitigation guidelines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, 231–243
• Yan, Y., Wang, C., Ding, D., Zhang, Y., Wu, G., Wang, L., Liue, X., Due, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., 2016. Industrial carbon footprint of several typical Chinese textile fabrics. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36, 119–125
• Wiedmann, T. ve Minx J., 2007. A Definition of Carbon Footprint. ISAUK Research and Consulting, Durham, UK.