Research Article
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Investigation of Dinoflagellate Cyst Community Structure in North Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 121 - 134, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.604535

Abstract

Dinoflagellates are an important
class of phytoplankton expressed by a large number of widely known species. Some
species of dinoflagellate produce resting cysts to adapt to adverse
environmental conditions as part of their life cycle. Dinoflagellates have
bioindicator specialities because they are sensitive to many environmental
factors such as temperature, salinity, nutrients in the oceans and seas.

In this study, we targeted to investigate the
distribution of cysts in 8 surface sediment samples selected from North Aegean
and Mediterranean Regions. At the end of the study, a total of 24
dinoflagellate cyst types were identified (1 cyst type was unidentified in
literature the before), and total cyst concentration was recorded as
14-354
kist/g
-1 dry weight sediment. Morever, Cochlodinium sp. which is a dinoflagellate cyst for North Aegean
and Mediterranean coasts,
Protoperidinium
parthenopes
dinoflagellate cyst for Turkey coasts have been detected for
the first time in this study. At the same time potential toxic dinoflagellate cyst
species were observed in the North Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea such as
Alexandrium affine type, A. catanella/tamarense complex, A. minutum, Cochlodinium sp., Lingulodinium
machaerophorum, Operculodinium centrocarpum. 

As a result of this study, the
propagation maps of dinoflagellate cyst community in previously unreported
regions of North Aegean and Mediterranean Region will be predicted to predict
future over-production events. At the same time, depending on the increase in
potential toxic dinoflagellate cysts, effects on aquaculture, fisheries,
phytoplankton bloom and tourism and marine quality will be determined.









 

References

  • Aydın, H., Uzar, S. (2009). Denizel mikroalg biyotoksinleri ve etkileri. C.B.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5.(1), 87-100.Aydın, H., Matsuoka, K., Minareci, E. (2011). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean). Marine Micropaleontology, 80, 44-52.Aydın, H., Uzar, S. (2013). Some potentially toxic dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from İzmir Bay. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 30(3), 109-114.Aydın, H., Uzar, S. (2014). Distribution and abundance of modern dinoflagellate cysts from Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Seas of Turkey. Journal Of Environmental Biology, 35, 413-419.Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E., Uzar, S. (2014). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments from Homa Lagoon (Izmir Bay, eastern Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(8), 1795-1801.Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E., Uzar, S., Küçüksezgin, Filiz. (2015). Modern dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of Aliağa and Nemrut Bay: influence of industrial pollution. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15, 549-560.Aydin, H., Balci, M., Uzar, S., Balkis, N. (2015). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments of southwestern Black Sea and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24, 4789-4798.Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E., Uzar, S., Küçüksezgin, F. (2015). Impact of industrial pollution on recent dinoflagellate cysts in İzmir Bay (Eastern Aegean). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 94, 144-152.Balkis, N., Balci, M., Giannakourou, A., Venetsanopoulou, A., Mudie, P. (2016). Dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent marine sediments from the Gulf of Gemlik (Marmara Sea, Turkey) and seasonal harmful algal blooms. Phycologia, 55(2), 187-209.Bravo, I., Figueroa, R.I. (2014). Towards an ecological understanding of dinoflagellate cyst functions. Microorganisms, 2, 11-32.Gómez, F. (2003). Checklist of Mediterranean free-living dinoflagellates. Botanica Marina, 46(3), 215-242.Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K. (2008) Tür çeşitliliğinin ekolojik açıdan önemi ve kullanılan bazı indisler. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 168-178.Joyce, L.B., Pitcher, G.C., Du Randt, A., Monteiro, P.M.S. (2005) Dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Saldanha Bay, South Africa: an indication of the potential risk of harmful algal blooms. Harmful algae, 4(2), 309-318.Koray, T., Çolak Sabancı, F. (2001). Türkiye Denizlerinin toksik planktonik mikro-algleri. Su Ürünleri Dergisi. 18/1, 293-298.Kremp, A. (2013). Diversity of dinoflagellate life cycles: facets and implications of complex strategies. Biological and geological perspectives of dinoflagellates, 5, 197-205.Kudela, R.M., Gobler, C.J. (2012) Harmful dinoflagellate blooms caused by Cochlodinium sp.: global expansion and ecological strategies facilitating bloom formation. Harmful Algae, 14, 71-86.Labropoulou, M., Papaconstantınou, C. (2000). Community structure of deep-sea demersal fish in the North Aegean Sea (northeastern Mediterranean). Island. Ocean and Deep-Sea Biology, 440, 281-296.Matsuoka, K., Fukuyo, Y., (2000). Technical guide for modern dinoflagellate cyst study. WESTPAC-HAB, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan, 47.Mertens, K.N., Ribeiro, S., Bouimetarhan, I., Caner, H., Nebout, N.C., Dale, B., Vernal, A.D., Ellegaard, M., Filipova, M., Godhe, A., Goubert, E., Grosfjeld, K., Holzwarth, Kotthoff, U., Leroy, S.A.G., Londeix, L., Marret, F., Matsuoka, K., Mudie, P.J., Naudts, L., Pena-Manjarrez, J.L., Persson, A., Popescu, S.M., Pospelova, V., Sangiorgi, F., Van Der Meer, M.T.J., Vink, A., Zonneveld K.A.F., Vencauteren, D., Vlassenbroeck, J., Louwye, S. (2009). Process length variation in cysts of a dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, in surface sediments: investigating its potential as salinity proxy. Marine Micropaleontology, 70, 54-69.Mertens, K.N., Aydin, H., Uzar, S., Takano, Y., Yamaguchi, A., & Matsuoka, K. (2015). Relationship between the dinoflagellate cyst Spiniferites pachydermus and Gonyaulax ellegaardiae sp. nov. from Izmir Bay, Turkey, and molecular characterization. Journal Of Phycology, 51(3), 560-573.MGM, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/denizSuyu/Akdeniz-DenizSuyu-Sicakligi-Analizi.pdf (erişim 05.09.2018)MGM, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/denizSuyu/Ege-DenizSuyu-Sicakligi-Analizi.pdf (erişim 05.09.2018)Özkan, K. (2016) Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri nasıl ölçülür?. SDÜ Basımevi, Isparta, Türkiye, 142 s.Papadopoulou, K.N., Markantonatou, V., Smith, C.J. (2011) The Mediterranean Sea: Additional information on status of threatened ecological characteristics relevant to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. ODEMM.Penaud, A., Hardy, W., Lambert, C., Marret, F., Masure, E., Servais, T., Siano, R., Wary, M., Mertens, K.N. (2018). Dinoflagellate fossils: geological and biological applications. Revue de micropaleontologie, 61, 235-254.Polat, S., Koray, T. (2007). Planktonic dinoflagellates of the northern Levantine Basin, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. European Journal of Protistology, 43, 193-204.Radi, T., Pospelova, V., de Vernal, A., Barrie, J. V. (2007). Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of water quality and productivity in British Columbia estuarine environments. Marine Micropaleontology, 62, 269-297.Rubino, F., Belmonte, M., Galil, B.S. (2017). Plankton resting stages in recent sediments of Haifa port, Israel (Eastern Mediterranean)-Distribution, viability and potential environmental consequences. Marine pollution bulletin, 116, 258-269.Sangıorgı, F., Donders, T.H. (2004). Reconstructing 150 years of eutrophication in the north-western Adriatic Sea (Italy) using dinoflagellate cysts, pollen and spores. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 60, 69-79.Smayda, T.J., Reynolds, C.S. (2003). Strategies of marine dinoflagellate survival and some rules of assembly. Journal of Sea Research, 49, 95-106.Uzar, S., Aydın, H., Minareci, E. (2010). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the surface sediments from İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(3), 285-295.Uzar, S. (2015). İzmir Körfezi’nde modern dinoflagellat kistlerinin dağılımını etkileyen çevresel faktörlerin incelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Manisa, 215 s. (Doktora Tezi).Uzar, S., Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E. (2018). Dinoflagellate cyst studies in the sediments of Turkish coastal waters and future aspects. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 2800-2808.Uzar, S., Aydın, H. (2019). Dinoflagellat Kistlerinin Deniz Yüzey Suyu Hidrografik Koşulları İle İlişkisi ve İndikatör Olarak Kullanımı. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 15(1), 99-107.Vink, A., Zonneveld, K.A.F., Wıllems, H. (2000). Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in western equatorial Atlantic surface sediments: distributions and their relation to environment. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 112, 247-286.Wang, Z., Matsuoka, K., Qi, Y., Chen, J. (2004). Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Chinese coastal waters. Marine Ecology, 25(4), 289-311.Yurga, L. (2015). İzmir Körfezi fitoplanktonunun 15 yıllık tür dağılımları ve istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 32(1), 25-30.Zonneveld, K.A.F. vd., (2013) Atlas of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution based on 2405 data points. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 191, 1-197.

Kuzey Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz’de Dinoflagellat Kist Komünite Yapısının Araştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 121 - 134, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.604535

Abstract

Dinoflagellatlar yaygın olarak
bilinen çok sayıda tür ile ifade edilen fitoplanktonun önemli bir sınıfıdır.
Bazı dinoflagellat türleri hayat döngülerinin bir parçası olarak olumsuz çevre
koşullarına uyum sağlamak için kalıcı kist üretirler. Dinoflagellatlar okyanus
ve denizlerde sıcaklık, tuzluluk, besleyici element gibi birçok çevresel
faktörlere duyarlı olduklarından biyoindikatör özellikleri bulunmaktadır.

Yapmış olduğumuz çalışmada Kuzey
Ege ve Akdeniz Bölgesinden seçilen 8 yüzey sediment örneğinde kist topluluğunun
dağılımının araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda toplam 24
dinoflagellat kist tipi tanımlanmış (1 kist tipi literatürde daha önce
tanımlanmamış), ve toplam kist konsantrasyonu 14-354 kist/g
-1 kuru
ağırlık sediment olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada Kuzey Ege ve Akdeniz
kıyı suları için
Cochlodinium sp.,
kisti,
Protoperidinium parthenopes dinoflagellat
kisti de Türkiye kıyı suları için ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda Kuzey
Ege ve Akdeniz’de olası toksikdinoflagellat kistleri
Alexandrium affine tip, A.
catanella/tamarense
kompleksi, A.
minutum, Cochlodinium sp., Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium centrocarpum
olarak belirlenmiştir.

Çalışma sonucunda Kuzey Ege ve
Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki daha önce çalışma yapılmamış bölgelerdeki dinoflagellat
kist topluluğunun yayılım haritalarının çıkarılmasıyla gelecek aşırı üreme
olaylarını önceden tahmin edilmesi sağlanacaktır. Aynı zamanda potansiyel
toksikdinoflagellat kistlerin artışına bağlı olarak denizlerdeki su ürünleri
yetiştiriciliğine, balıkçılığa, aşırı üreme olayları ile turizme, deniz
kalitesine etkileri belirlenmiş olacaktır.

References

  • Aydın, H., Uzar, S. (2009). Denizel mikroalg biyotoksinleri ve etkileri. C.B.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5.(1), 87-100.Aydın, H., Matsuoka, K., Minareci, E. (2011). Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean). Marine Micropaleontology, 80, 44-52.Aydın, H., Uzar, S. (2013). Some potentially toxic dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from İzmir Bay. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 30(3), 109-114.Aydın, H., Uzar, S. (2014). Distribution and abundance of modern dinoflagellate cysts from Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Seas of Turkey. Journal Of Environmental Biology, 35, 413-419.Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E., Uzar, S. (2014). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments from Homa Lagoon (Izmir Bay, eastern Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(8), 1795-1801.Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E., Uzar, S., Küçüksezgin, Filiz. (2015). Modern dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of Aliağa and Nemrut Bay: influence of industrial pollution. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15, 549-560.Aydin, H., Balci, M., Uzar, S., Balkis, N. (2015). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments of southwestern Black Sea and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24, 4789-4798.Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E., Uzar, S., Küçüksezgin, F. (2015). Impact of industrial pollution on recent dinoflagellate cysts in İzmir Bay (Eastern Aegean). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 94, 144-152.Balkis, N., Balci, M., Giannakourou, A., Venetsanopoulou, A., Mudie, P. (2016). Dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent marine sediments from the Gulf of Gemlik (Marmara Sea, Turkey) and seasonal harmful algal blooms. Phycologia, 55(2), 187-209.Bravo, I., Figueroa, R.I. (2014). Towards an ecological understanding of dinoflagellate cyst functions. Microorganisms, 2, 11-32.Gómez, F. (2003). Checklist of Mediterranean free-living dinoflagellates. Botanica Marina, 46(3), 215-242.Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K. (2008) Tür çeşitliliğinin ekolojik açıdan önemi ve kullanılan bazı indisler. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 168-178.Joyce, L.B., Pitcher, G.C., Du Randt, A., Monteiro, P.M.S. (2005) Dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Saldanha Bay, South Africa: an indication of the potential risk of harmful algal blooms. Harmful algae, 4(2), 309-318.Koray, T., Çolak Sabancı, F. (2001). Türkiye Denizlerinin toksik planktonik mikro-algleri. Su Ürünleri Dergisi. 18/1, 293-298.Kremp, A. (2013). Diversity of dinoflagellate life cycles: facets and implications of complex strategies. Biological and geological perspectives of dinoflagellates, 5, 197-205.Kudela, R.M., Gobler, C.J. (2012) Harmful dinoflagellate blooms caused by Cochlodinium sp.: global expansion and ecological strategies facilitating bloom formation. Harmful Algae, 14, 71-86.Labropoulou, M., Papaconstantınou, C. (2000). Community structure of deep-sea demersal fish in the North Aegean Sea (northeastern Mediterranean). Island. Ocean and Deep-Sea Biology, 440, 281-296.Matsuoka, K., Fukuyo, Y., (2000). Technical guide for modern dinoflagellate cyst study. WESTPAC-HAB, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan, 47.Mertens, K.N., Ribeiro, S., Bouimetarhan, I., Caner, H., Nebout, N.C., Dale, B., Vernal, A.D., Ellegaard, M., Filipova, M., Godhe, A., Goubert, E., Grosfjeld, K., Holzwarth, Kotthoff, U., Leroy, S.A.G., Londeix, L., Marret, F., Matsuoka, K., Mudie, P.J., Naudts, L., Pena-Manjarrez, J.L., Persson, A., Popescu, S.M., Pospelova, V., Sangiorgi, F., Van Der Meer, M.T.J., Vink, A., Zonneveld K.A.F., Vencauteren, D., Vlassenbroeck, J., Louwye, S. (2009). Process length variation in cysts of a dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, in surface sediments: investigating its potential as salinity proxy. Marine Micropaleontology, 70, 54-69.Mertens, K.N., Aydin, H., Uzar, S., Takano, Y., Yamaguchi, A., & Matsuoka, K. (2015). Relationship between the dinoflagellate cyst Spiniferites pachydermus and Gonyaulax ellegaardiae sp. nov. from Izmir Bay, Turkey, and molecular characterization. Journal Of Phycology, 51(3), 560-573.MGM, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/denizSuyu/Akdeniz-DenizSuyu-Sicakligi-Analizi.pdf (erişim 05.09.2018)MGM, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/denizSuyu/Ege-DenizSuyu-Sicakligi-Analizi.pdf (erişim 05.09.2018)Özkan, K. (2016) Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri nasıl ölçülür?. SDÜ Basımevi, Isparta, Türkiye, 142 s.Papadopoulou, K.N., Markantonatou, V., Smith, C.J. (2011) The Mediterranean Sea: Additional information on status of threatened ecological characteristics relevant to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. ODEMM.Penaud, A., Hardy, W., Lambert, C., Marret, F., Masure, E., Servais, T., Siano, R., Wary, M., Mertens, K.N. (2018). Dinoflagellate fossils: geological and biological applications. Revue de micropaleontologie, 61, 235-254.Polat, S., Koray, T. (2007). Planktonic dinoflagellates of the northern Levantine Basin, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. European Journal of Protistology, 43, 193-204.Radi, T., Pospelova, V., de Vernal, A., Barrie, J. V. (2007). Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of water quality and productivity in British Columbia estuarine environments. Marine Micropaleontology, 62, 269-297.Rubino, F., Belmonte, M., Galil, B.S. (2017). Plankton resting stages in recent sediments of Haifa port, Israel (Eastern Mediterranean)-Distribution, viability and potential environmental consequences. Marine pollution bulletin, 116, 258-269.Sangıorgı, F., Donders, T.H. (2004). Reconstructing 150 years of eutrophication in the north-western Adriatic Sea (Italy) using dinoflagellate cysts, pollen and spores. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 60, 69-79.Smayda, T.J., Reynolds, C.S. (2003). Strategies of marine dinoflagellate survival and some rules of assembly. Journal of Sea Research, 49, 95-106.Uzar, S., Aydın, H., Minareci, E. (2010). Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the surface sediments from İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(3), 285-295.Uzar, S. (2015). İzmir Körfezi’nde modern dinoflagellat kistlerinin dağılımını etkileyen çevresel faktörlerin incelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Manisa, 215 s. (Doktora Tezi).Uzar, S., Aydın, H., Yürür, E. E. (2018). Dinoflagellate cyst studies in the sediments of Turkish coastal waters and future aspects. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 2800-2808.Uzar, S., Aydın, H. (2019). Dinoflagellat Kistlerinin Deniz Yüzey Suyu Hidrografik Koşulları İle İlişkisi ve İndikatör Olarak Kullanımı. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 15(1), 99-107.Vink, A., Zonneveld, K.A.F., Wıllems, H. (2000). Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in western equatorial Atlantic surface sediments: distributions and their relation to environment. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 112, 247-286.Wang, Z., Matsuoka, K., Qi, Y., Chen, J. (2004). Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Chinese coastal waters. Marine Ecology, 25(4), 289-311.Yurga, L. (2015). İzmir Körfezi fitoplanktonunun 15 yıllık tür dağılımları ve istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 32(1), 25-30.Zonneveld, K.A.F. vd., (2013) Atlas of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution based on 2405 data points. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 191, 1-197.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Buse Bağatur

Hilal Aydın This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2019
Acceptance Date September 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bağatur, B., & Aydın, H. (2019). Kuzey Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz’de Dinoflagellat Kist Komünite Yapısının Araştırılması. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 3(2), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.604535