biodicon Biological Diversity and Conservation 1308-5301 1308-8084 Ersin YÜCEL 10.46309/biodicon.2026.1719691 Botany (Other) Bitki Bilimi (Diğer) Nano-Teknoloji Destekli Tarım: Grafenin Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri Nano-enabled agriculture: effects of graphene on the development of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-4545 Olgun Murat ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-8880 Pat Suat ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-3038 Ardıç Murat ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-1346 Sezer Okan ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND LETTERS, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY 02 16 2026 19 1 46 54 06 14 2025 11 15 2025 Copyright © 2008, Biological Diversity and Conservation 2008 Biological Diversity and Conservation

Nano-Teknoloji Destekli Tarım: Grafenin Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Gelişimi Üzerine EtkileriMurat OLGUN 1, Suat PAT 2, Murat ARDIÇ 3, Okan SEZER *3ORCID: 0000-0001-6981-4545; 0000-0001-9301-8880; 0000-0001-8734-3038; 0000-0001-7304-13461 Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, 26040 Eskişehir, Türkiye2 Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 26040 Eskişehir, Türkiye3 Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 26040 Eskişehir, Türkiye ÖzetBu çalışmada, grafen oksit (GO) ile yapılan tohum kaplamasının ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotiplerinin morfolojik, fizyolojik ve spektral özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında altı buğday genotipi (Nacibey, Rumeli, KateA, Ekiz, Esperia, Ahmetağa ve Sönmez) kullanılmış ve grafenle kaplanmış tohumlar, kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Denemeler tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş ve bitki gelişim parametreleri (kök, gövde ve yaprak özellikleri), spektral indeksler (NDVI, OSAVI, PRI, SIPI) ve SPAD değerleri ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, grafen kaplamasının özellikle yaprak yüksekliği, kök ve yaprak ağırlığı gibi morfolojik özelliklerle birlikte SPAD ve NDVI gibi fizyolojik parametreleri anlamlı düzeyde iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir. Spektral indekslerdeki artışlar, bitki sağlığının ve fotosentetik verimliliğin arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Genotipler arasında Ekiz, Sönmez ve Nacibey en yüksek performansı sergilemiş olup, grafen uygulamasında genotiplere özgü yanıtlar gözlemlenmiştir. Örneğin, Ekiz genotipi üstün fotosentetik verimlilik gösterirken, Sönmez genotipi kök ve yaprak ağırlığı açısından belirgin avantajlar sağlamıştır. Çalışma, grafeni tarımda verim ve bitki sağlığını artırma potansiyeline sahip yenilikçi bir yaklaşım olarak ön plana çıkarmakta; ancak en uygun dozajın ve genotip seçiminin kritik önemini vurgulamaktadır. Gelecek araştırmalar, grafenin farklı çevresel koşullardaki etkilerini ve sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarına entegrasyonunu incelemelidir.Anahtar kelimeler: grafen oksit, tohum kaplama, buğday genotipleri, spektral indeksler

Nano-enabled agriculture: effects of graphene on the development of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypesMurat OLGUN 1, Suat PAT 2, Murat ARDIÇ 3, Okan SEZER *3ORCID: 0000-0001-6981-4545; 0000-0001-9301-8880; 0000-0001-8734-3038; 0000-0001-7304-13461 Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crop Department, 26040 Eskişehir, Türkiye2 Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 26040 Eskişehir, Türkiye3 Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26040 Eskişehir, Türkiye AbstractThis study investigates the effects of graphene oxide (GO) seed coating on the morphological, physiological, and spectral characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Six wheat genotypes (Nacibey, Rumeli, KateA, Ekiz, Esperia, Ahmetağa, and Sönmez) were used, comparing graphene-coated seeds with a control group. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, measuring plant growth parameters (root, stem, and leaf traits) as well as spectral indices (NDVI, OSAVI, PRI, SIPI) and SPAD values. The results demonstrated that graphene coating significantly improved morphological traits, particularly leaf height, root and leaf weight, as well as physiological parameters such as SPAD and NDVI. Increases in spectral indices indicated enhanced plant health and photosynthetic efficiency. Among the genotypes, Ekiz, Sönmez, and Nacibey showed the highest performance, with genotype-specific responses to graphene application. For instance, the Ekiz genotype exhibited superior photosynthetic efficiency, while Sönmez displayed notable advantages in root and leaf weight. The study highlights graphene as an innovative approach to improving crop yield and plant health in agriculture but emphasizes the critical importance of optimal dosage and genotype selection. Future research should explore the effects of graphene under different environmental conditions and its integration into sustainable farming practices. Keywords: graphene oxide, seed coating, wheat genotypes, spectral indices

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