Research Article
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Otizm: Psikolojik, biyokimyasal ve çevresel faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 206 - 212, 15.08.2019

Fatih Kar Ömer Cihaner Ceyhan Hacıoğlu Güngör Kanbak

Abstract

Otizm spektrum bozukluklarının altında yatan anormal biyokimyasal ve psikolojik mekanizmaları anlamak, çevresel etmenlerin sebep olduğu etkileri belirlemek, araştırmacılar ve klinisyenler için heyecan verici çalışmalardır, çünkü otizmin temel nedenleri hakkındaki anlayışımızda yapılan araştırmaların tanı, tedavi ve prognoz için yeni yaklaşımlara yol açması beklenmektedir. Bu derleme, otizm nedenleri ve tedavisi için üzerinde durulan, beyinde yapılan MRI araştırmaları, son zamanlarda belirlenen biyokimyasal belirteçler ve çevresel etmenlerin sebep olduğu etkiler üzerinde duracaktır.

Keywords

Otizm MRI biyobelirteçler ağır metal toksisitesi cıva

References

  • Kanner, L., & Eisenberg, L. (1958). Child psychiatry. Mental deficiency. American Journal of Psychiatry, 114(7):609-15. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.114.7.609
  • Widiger, T. A., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2013). Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. American Psychological Association.
  • Silverman, J.L., Yang, M., Lord, C., Crawley, JN. (2010). Behavioural phenotyping assays for mouse models of autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(7):490-502
  • Moy, S.S., Nadler, J.J., Magnuson, T.R., & Crawley, J.N. (2006). Mouse models of autism spectrum disorders: the challenge for behavioral genetics. In American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, 142(1), 40-51.
  • Dietert, R. R., Dietert, J. M., DeWitt, J. C. (2011). Environmental risk factors for autism. Emerging health threats journal, 4(1), 7111.
  • Patterson, P. H. (2011). Modeling autistic features in animals. Pediatric research, 69(5), 34R-40R.
  • Wolff, J. J., Gu, H., Gerig, G., Elison, J. T., Styner, M., Gouttard, S., Evans, A.C. (2012). Differences in white matter fiber tract development present from 6 to 24 months in infants with autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(6), 589-600.
  • Gillberg C., & Billstedt, E. (2000). Autism and Asperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102(5), 321-330.
  • Abrahams B.S., & Geschwind D.H. (2008). Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology. Nature reviews Genetics, 9(5):341.
  • Ganz M.L., (2007). The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 161(4):343-9.
  • Atladóttir, H. Ó., Thorsen, P., Østergaard, L., Schendel, D. E., Lemcke, S., Abdallah, M., & Parner, E. T. (2010). Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 40(12), 1423-1430.
  • Stoltenberg, C., Schjølberg, S., Bresnahan, M., Hornig, M., Hirtz, D., Dahl, C., & Øyen, A.S. (2010). The Autism Birth Cohort: a paradigm for gene–environment–timing research. Molecular psychiatry, 15(7), 676.
  • Roberts, A.L., Lyall, K., Hart, J. E., Laden, F., Just, A.C., Bobb, J.F., & Weisskopf, M.G. (2013). Perinatal air pollutant exposures and autism spectrum disorder in the children of Nurses’ Health Study II participants. Environmental health perspectives, 121(8), 978.
  • Surén, P., Gunnes, N., Roth, C., Bresnahan, M., Hornig, M., Hirtz, D., & Schjølberg, S. (2014). Parental obesity and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, peds-2013
  • Zerbo, O., Qian, Y., Yoshida, C., Fireman, B. H., Klein, N. P., & Croen, L.A. (2017). Association between influenza infection and vaccination during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder. JAMA pediatrics, 171(1), e163609-e163609.
  • Hepel, M., Stobiecka, M., Peachey, J., & Miller, J. (2012). Intervention of glutathione in pre-mutagenic catechol-mediated DNA damage in the presence of copper (II) ions. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 735(1), 1-11.
  • Shen, M.D., Nordahl, C.W., Young, G.S., Wootton-Gorges, S.L., Lee, A., Liston, S.E., Amaral, D.G. (2013). Early brain enlargement and elevated extra-axial fluid in infants who develop autism spectrum disorder. Brain, 136(9), 2825-2835.
  • Meguid, N. A., Ghozlan, S. A., Mohamed, M. F., Ibrahim, M. K., Dawood, R. M., Bader El Din, N. G., El Awady, M. K. (2017). Expression of Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Transcripts in Egyptian Children With Autism. Biomarker insights, 12, 1177271917691035.
  • Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model. Pediatrics, 125(1), e17-e23.
  • Maytal, J., Alvarez, L. A., Elkin, C. M., Shinnar, S. (1987). External hydrocephalus: radiologic spectrum and differentiation from cerebral atrophy. American Journal of Roentgenology, 148(6), 1223-1230.
  • Lorch, S.A., D'agostino, J. A., Zimmerman, R., & Bernbaum, J. (2004). Benign extra-axial fluid in survivors of neonatal intensive care. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 158(2), 178-182.
  • Sahar, A. (1978). Pseudohydrocephalus-megalocephaly, increased intracranial pressure and widened subarachnoid space. Neuropaediatrie, 9(02), 131-139.
  • Williams, R.S., Hauser, S.L., Purpura, D.P., DeLong, G.R., & Swisher, C.N. (1980). Autism and mental retardation: neuropathologic studies performed in four retarded persons with autistic behavior. Archives of neurology, 37(12), 749-753
  • Lainhart, J. E., Piven, J., Wzorek, M., Landa, R., Santangelo, S. L., Coon, H., Folstein, S. E. (1997). Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(2), 282-290.
  • Piven, J., Arndt, S., Bailey, J., & Andreasen, N. (1996). Regional brain enlargement in autism: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(4), 530-536.
  • Rojas, D.C., Bawn, S.D., Benkers, T.L., Reite, M.L., & Rogers, S.J. (2002). Smaller left hemisphere planum temporale in adults with autistic disorder. Neuroscience letters, 328(3), 237-240.
  • Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R.K., Anderson, A.W., Volkmar, F., Gore, J.C. (2000). Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. Archives of general Psychiatry, 57(4), 331-340.
  • Testa-Silva, G., Loebel, A., Giugliano, M., De Kock, C.P., Mansvelder, H.D., Meredith, R.M. (2012). Hyperconnectivity and slow synapses during early development of medial prefrontal cortex in a mouse model for mental retardation and autism. Cerebral cortex, 22(6), 1333-1342.
  • Abruzzo, P. M., Ghezzo, A., Bolotta, A., Ferreri, C., Minguzzi, R., Vignini, A., Marini, M. (2015). Perspective biological markers for autism spectrum disorders: advantages of the use of receiver operating characteristic curves in evaluating marker sensitivity and specificity. Disease markers.
  • Lainhart, J. E., Piven, J., Wzorek, M., Landa, R., Santangelo, S. L., Coon, H., Folstein, S. E. (1997). Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(2), 282-290.
  • Hultman, C.M, Sparén, P., & Cnattingius, S. (2002). Perinatal risk factors for infantile autism. Epidemiology, 13(4):417-23.
  • Dufour-Rainfray, D., Vourc’h, P., Le Guisquet, A.M., Garreau, L., Ternant, D., Bodard, S. (2010). Behavior and serotonergic disorders in rats exposed prenatally to valproate: a model for autism. Neuroscience letters, 470(1):55-9.
  • Chugani, D.C., Muzik, O., Rothermel, R., Behen, M., Chakraborty, P., Mangner, T. (1997). Altered serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys. Annals of neurology, 42(4):666-9.
  • Wang, J., & Chen, C. (2006). Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnology advances, 24(5):427-51.
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., &Timur, S. (2003). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-I. Metalurji Dergisi, 136:47-53.
  • Hacıoğlu, C., Kar, F., & Kanbak, G. (2017). Chronic mercury exposure: oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(3), 58-64
  • Park, J.D., & Zheng, W. (2012). Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45(6):344.
  • Berlin, M., Fazackerley, J., Nordberg, G., & Kand, M. (1969) The uptake of mercury in the brains of mammals exposed to mercury vapor and to mercuric salts. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 18(5):719-29.
  • Henriksson, J., Tjälve, H. (1998). Uptake of inorganic mercury in the olfactory bulbs via olfactory pathways in rats. Environmental research, 77(2):130-40.
  • Risher, J.F., & Amler, S.N. (2005). Mercury exposure: evaluation and intervention: the inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning. Neurotoxicology, 26(4):691-9.
  • Sin, K., & Tsang, H. (2003). Large-scale mercury exposure due to a cream cosmetic: community-wide case series. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 9(5):329-34.
  • McLauchlan, G. (1991). Acute mercury poisoning. Anaesthesia, 46(2):110-2.
  • Herman, S., Klein, R., Talley, F., Krigman, M. (1973). An ultrastructural study of methylmercury-induced primary sensory neuropathy in the rat. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 28(1):104.
  • Crespo-López, M.E., Macêdo, G.L., Pereira, S.I., Arrifano, G.P., Picanço-Diniz, D.L., do Nascimento, JLM. (2009). Mercury and human genotoxicity: critical considerations and possible molecular mechanisms. Pharmacological research, 60(4):212-20.
  • Bernard, S., Enayati, A., Redwood, L., Roger, H., & Binstock, T. (2001). Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning. Medical hypotheses, 56(4):462-71.
  • Hurley, A. M., Tadrous, M., & Miller, E. S. (2010). Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism: a review of recent epidemiologic studies. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 15(3), 173-181.
  • Wang, J., & Chen, C. (2006). Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnology advances, 24(5):427-51.
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., & Timur, S. (2003). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-I. Metalurji Dergisi, 136:47-53.
  • Hacıoğlu, C., Kar, F., & Kanbak, G. (2017). Chronic mercury exposure: oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(3), 58-64
  • Park, J.D., & Zheng, W. (2012). Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45(6):344.
  • Berlin, M., Fazackerley, J., Nordberg, G., &Kand, M. (1969) The uptake of mercury in the brains of mammals exposed to mercury vapor and to mercuric salts. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 18(5):719-29.

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 206 - 212, 15.08.2019

Fatih Kar Ömer Cihaner Ceyhan Hacıoğlu Güngör Kanbak

Abstract

References

  • Kanner, L., & Eisenberg, L. (1958). Child psychiatry. Mental deficiency. American Journal of Psychiatry, 114(7):609-15. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.114.7.609
  • Widiger, T. A., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2013). Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. American Psychological Association.
  • Silverman, J.L., Yang, M., Lord, C., Crawley, JN. (2010). Behavioural phenotyping assays for mouse models of autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(7):490-502
  • Moy, S.S., Nadler, J.J., Magnuson, T.R., & Crawley, J.N. (2006). Mouse models of autism spectrum disorders: the challenge for behavioral genetics. In American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, 142(1), 40-51.
  • Dietert, R. R., Dietert, J. M., DeWitt, J. C. (2011). Environmental risk factors for autism. Emerging health threats journal, 4(1), 7111.
  • Patterson, P. H. (2011). Modeling autistic features in animals. Pediatric research, 69(5), 34R-40R.
  • Wolff, J. J., Gu, H., Gerig, G., Elison, J. T., Styner, M., Gouttard, S., Evans, A.C. (2012). Differences in white matter fiber tract development present from 6 to 24 months in infants with autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(6), 589-600.
  • Gillberg C., & Billstedt, E. (2000). Autism and Asperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102(5), 321-330.
  • Abrahams B.S., & Geschwind D.H. (2008). Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology. Nature reviews Genetics, 9(5):341.
  • Ganz M.L., (2007). The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 161(4):343-9.
  • Atladóttir, H. Ó., Thorsen, P., Østergaard, L., Schendel, D. E., Lemcke, S., Abdallah, M., & Parner, E. T. (2010). Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 40(12), 1423-1430.
  • Stoltenberg, C., Schjølberg, S., Bresnahan, M., Hornig, M., Hirtz, D., Dahl, C., & Øyen, A.S. (2010). The Autism Birth Cohort: a paradigm for gene–environment–timing research. Molecular psychiatry, 15(7), 676.
  • Roberts, A.L., Lyall, K., Hart, J. E., Laden, F., Just, A.C., Bobb, J.F., & Weisskopf, M.G. (2013). Perinatal air pollutant exposures and autism spectrum disorder in the children of Nurses’ Health Study II participants. Environmental health perspectives, 121(8), 978.
  • Surén, P., Gunnes, N., Roth, C., Bresnahan, M., Hornig, M., Hirtz, D., & Schjølberg, S. (2014). Parental obesity and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, peds-2013
  • Zerbo, O., Qian, Y., Yoshida, C., Fireman, B. H., Klein, N. P., & Croen, L.A. (2017). Association between influenza infection and vaccination during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder. JAMA pediatrics, 171(1), e163609-e163609.
  • Hepel, M., Stobiecka, M., Peachey, J., & Miller, J. (2012). Intervention of glutathione in pre-mutagenic catechol-mediated DNA damage in the presence of copper (II) ions. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 735(1), 1-11.
  • Shen, M.D., Nordahl, C.W., Young, G.S., Wootton-Gorges, S.L., Lee, A., Liston, S.E., Amaral, D.G. (2013). Early brain enlargement and elevated extra-axial fluid in infants who develop autism spectrum disorder. Brain, 136(9), 2825-2835.
  • Meguid, N. A., Ghozlan, S. A., Mohamed, M. F., Ibrahim, M. K., Dawood, R. M., Bader El Din, N. G., El Awady, M. K. (2017). Expression of Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Transcripts in Egyptian Children With Autism. Biomarker insights, 12, 1177271917691035.
  • Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: the Early Start Denver Model. Pediatrics, 125(1), e17-e23.
  • Maytal, J., Alvarez, L. A., Elkin, C. M., Shinnar, S. (1987). External hydrocephalus: radiologic spectrum and differentiation from cerebral atrophy. American Journal of Roentgenology, 148(6), 1223-1230.
  • Lorch, S.A., D'agostino, J. A., Zimmerman, R., & Bernbaum, J. (2004). Benign extra-axial fluid in survivors of neonatal intensive care. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 158(2), 178-182.
  • Sahar, A. (1978). Pseudohydrocephalus-megalocephaly, increased intracranial pressure and widened subarachnoid space. Neuropaediatrie, 9(02), 131-139.
  • Williams, R.S., Hauser, S.L., Purpura, D.P., DeLong, G.R., & Swisher, C.N. (1980). Autism and mental retardation: neuropathologic studies performed in four retarded persons with autistic behavior. Archives of neurology, 37(12), 749-753
  • Lainhart, J. E., Piven, J., Wzorek, M., Landa, R., Santangelo, S. L., Coon, H., Folstein, S. E. (1997). Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(2), 282-290.
  • Piven, J., Arndt, S., Bailey, J., & Andreasen, N. (1996). Regional brain enlargement in autism: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(4), 530-536.
  • Rojas, D.C., Bawn, S.D., Benkers, T.L., Reite, M.L., & Rogers, S.J. (2002). Smaller left hemisphere planum temporale in adults with autistic disorder. Neuroscience letters, 328(3), 237-240.
  • Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R.K., Anderson, A.W., Volkmar, F., Gore, J.C. (2000). Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. Archives of general Psychiatry, 57(4), 331-340.
  • Testa-Silva, G., Loebel, A., Giugliano, M., De Kock, C.P., Mansvelder, H.D., Meredith, R.M. (2012). Hyperconnectivity and slow synapses during early development of medial prefrontal cortex in a mouse model for mental retardation and autism. Cerebral cortex, 22(6), 1333-1342.
  • Abruzzo, P. M., Ghezzo, A., Bolotta, A., Ferreri, C., Minguzzi, R., Vignini, A., Marini, M. (2015). Perspective biological markers for autism spectrum disorders: advantages of the use of receiver operating characteristic curves in evaluating marker sensitivity and specificity. Disease markers.
  • Lainhart, J. E., Piven, J., Wzorek, M., Landa, R., Santangelo, S. L., Coon, H., Folstein, S. E. (1997). Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(2), 282-290.
  • Hultman, C.M, Sparén, P., & Cnattingius, S. (2002). Perinatal risk factors for infantile autism. Epidemiology, 13(4):417-23.
  • Dufour-Rainfray, D., Vourc’h, P., Le Guisquet, A.M., Garreau, L., Ternant, D., Bodard, S. (2010). Behavior and serotonergic disorders in rats exposed prenatally to valproate: a model for autism. Neuroscience letters, 470(1):55-9.
  • Chugani, D.C., Muzik, O., Rothermel, R., Behen, M., Chakraborty, P., Mangner, T. (1997). Altered serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys. Annals of neurology, 42(4):666-9.
  • Wang, J., & Chen, C. (2006). Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnology advances, 24(5):427-51.
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., &Timur, S. (2003). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-I. Metalurji Dergisi, 136:47-53.
  • Hacıoğlu, C., Kar, F., & Kanbak, G. (2017). Chronic mercury exposure: oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(3), 58-64
  • Park, J.D., & Zheng, W. (2012). Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45(6):344.
  • Berlin, M., Fazackerley, J., Nordberg, G., & Kand, M. (1969) The uptake of mercury in the brains of mammals exposed to mercury vapor and to mercuric salts. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 18(5):719-29.
  • Henriksson, J., Tjälve, H. (1998). Uptake of inorganic mercury in the olfactory bulbs via olfactory pathways in rats. Environmental research, 77(2):130-40.
  • Risher, J.F., & Amler, S.N. (2005). Mercury exposure: evaluation and intervention: the inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning. Neurotoxicology, 26(4):691-9.
  • Sin, K., & Tsang, H. (2003). Large-scale mercury exposure due to a cream cosmetic: community-wide case series. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 9(5):329-34.
  • McLauchlan, G. (1991). Acute mercury poisoning. Anaesthesia, 46(2):110-2.
  • Herman, S., Klein, R., Talley, F., Krigman, M. (1973). An ultrastructural study of methylmercury-induced primary sensory neuropathy in the rat. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 28(1):104.
  • Crespo-López, M.E., Macêdo, G.L., Pereira, S.I., Arrifano, G.P., Picanço-Diniz, D.L., do Nascimento, JLM. (2009). Mercury and human genotoxicity: critical considerations and possible molecular mechanisms. Pharmacological research, 60(4):212-20.
  • Bernard, S., Enayati, A., Redwood, L., Roger, H., & Binstock, T. (2001). Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning. Medical hypotheses, 56(4):462-71.
  • Hurley, A. M., Tadrous, M., & Miller, E. S. (2010). Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism: a review of recent epidemiologic studies. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 15(3), 173-181.
  • Wang, J., & Chen, C. (2006). Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnology advances, 24(5):427-51.
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., & Timur, S. (2003). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-I. Metalurji Dergisi, 136:47-53.
  • Hacıoğlu, C., Kar, F., & Kanbak, G. (2017). Chronic mercury exposure: oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(3), 58-64
  • Park, J.D., & Zheng, W. (2012). Human exposure and health effects of inorganic and elemental mercury. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45(6):344.
  • Berlin, M., Fazackerley, J., Nordberg, G., &Kand, M. (1969) The uptake of mercury in the brains of mammals exposed to mercury vapor and to mercuric salts. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 18(5):719-29.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatih Kar This is me

Ömer Cihaner This is me

Ceyhan Hacıoğlu

Güngör Kanbak

Publication Date August 15, 2019
Submission Date February 13, 2019
Acceptance Date August 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kar, F., Cihaner, Ö., Hacıoğlu, C., Kanbak, G. (2019). Otizm: Psikolojik, biyokimyasal ve çevresel faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(2), 206-212.
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