turk. j. biod. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 2667-4386 Artvin Çoruh University 10.38059/biodiversity.814617 A review for the pollinators of Papilionaceous flowers Kelebek şeklinde çiçek açan çiçeklerin tozlayıcıları için bir inceleme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2095-3816 Aygören Uluer Deniz AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 03 31 2021 4 1 36 52 10 22 2020 03 30 2021 Copyright © 2018, Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 2018 Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

The evolution of keel flowers within Fabaceae, Polygalaceae and some other clades of angiosperms is attributed to skilled and strong bees. However, whether this is true or not, is still an open question. Therefore, the literature is surveyed for the Hymenopteran pollinators of keel flowers, for 119 sources and for 112 species, six genera and two tribes for five characters which are the size of the flowers, Hymenopteran flower visitors/pollinators, size of the Hymenopteran pollinators, pollen and nectar robbers/thieves and size of the Hymenopteran thieves/robbers. The results suggest that Fabales keel flowers are mainly pollinated by long-tongued bees, from Apidae and Megachilidae families; and the most common pollinators of the keel flowers are small Megachile and Osmia; medium-sized Apis, Anthophora and Eucera; and large Xylocopa, Bombus and Centris. While the literature suggests that keel flowers are pollinated by skilled and strong bees, the results of the current review have shown that this is not the whole case in terms of flower size and bee size. There is no difference between pollinator diversity and flower size. While floral robbers/thieves are mostly up to 2 cm, among them honey-bees (Apis mellifera) both pollinate and rob the keel flowers. Keel flowers of Polygalaceae and other angiosperm lineages are somehow similar to the keel flowers of Papilionoideae.

Baklagil çiçek tipinin Fabaceae, Polygalaceae ve diğer angiosperm gruplarındaki evriminin becerikli ve güçlü arılar sayesinde olduğu fikri ortaya atılmıştır. Ancak, bunun doğruluğu tartışmalıdır. Bu nedenle, bu derlemede toplam 119 kaynak (112 tür, altı cins ve iki tribe) beş karakter (çiçek büyüklüğü, Hymenoptoran polinatörleri, Hymenoptoran polinatörlerinin büyüklüğü, polen ve nektar hırsızları, Hymenoptoran polen ve nektar hırsızlarının büyüklüğü) açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Derlemenin sonuçları göstermiştir ki, Fabales baklagil çiçekleri temelde Apidae and Megachilidae familyalarından uzun dilli arılar ile döllenmekte, ve en yaygın polinatörler ise küçük Megachile ve Osmia; orta boylu Apis, Anthophora ve Eucera; ve büyük Xylocopa, Bombus ve Centris’dir. Literatur, baklagil çiçeklerinin becerikli ve büyük arılarla döllendiğini önerirken, bu derlemenin sonuçları çiçek ve polinatör büyüklüğü açısından bunun tam anlamıyla doğru olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çiçek büyüklüğü ve polinatör çeşitliliği arasında da bir bağlantı görülmemiştir. Çiçek hırsızları genelde 2 cm’ye kadar olurken, bunların arasında bal arılarının (Apis mellifera) hem hırsız hem de polinatör olarak işlev gördüğü anlaşılmıştır. Diğer taraftan, Polygalaceae ve diğer angiosperm baklagil benzeri çiçeklerin gerçek baklagil çiçeklerine polinatör açısından benzer olduğu görülmüştür.

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