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Diyarbakır ili pamuk alanlarındaki Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) türleri, yayılış alanları ve popülasyon gelişimi

Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 4, 42 - 51, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1336017

Abstract

Pamuk üretimi boyunca birçok zararlı etmen ortaya çıkmakta ve önemli ürün kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Bunlar içerisinde yer alan Lygus spp. (Bitki tahtakuruları) pamuğun generatif döneminden başlayarak meydana getirdikleri zarar ile önemli ürün kayıplarına yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışma Diyarbakır ili pamuk üretim alanlarındaki Lygus spp. türleri, yayılış alanları ve pamuktaki popülasyon gelişimini belirlemek amacıyla 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Lygus türlerini belirlemek için Diyarbakır ilinde 7 ilçeden toplam 244 adet tarladan örneklemeler pamuğun fenolojik dönemine göre atrap ve böcek toplama aleti (D-vac) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Popülasyon değişimi çalışmaları ise iki farklı örnekleme yöntemiyle (atrap ve D-vac) ile her iki yıl Sur ve Çınar ilçelerinde iki farklı tarlada haftalık olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Lygus gemellatus (Herrich-Schäffer) and Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus) olmak üzere toplam iki bitki tahtakurusu türü saptanmıştır. Bu iki tür arasında Lygus gemellatus en yoğun ve yaygın tür olduğu, 2020 yılında %91.2, 2021 yılında ise %74.7 oranında bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Zararlıların çalışma yapılan her iki yılda, mayıs ayı sonunda (çiçeklenme döneminden önce) pamuk alanlarında görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu dönemden sonra popülasyonun arttığı görülmüş ve özellikle L. gemellatus popülasyonunun pamuğun taraklanma (koza oluşturma) döneminde en yüksek seviyeye ulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın L. pratensis popülasyonu ise koza (olgunlaşma) döneminde en üst düzeye çıkmıştır. D-vac Gencan'da atrap metoduna göre istatistiksel olarak daha fazla sayıda tahtakurusu yakalarken (p <0,05), Şükürlü'de her iki yöntem de istatistiksel olarak benzer sayıda tahtakurusu yakalamıştır. Biyotik ve abiyotik faktörlere bağlı olarak her iki zararlının popülasyon yoğunluğunun yıldan yıla değişebildiği sonucuna varılarak, pamuğun generatif döneminden itibaren bu zararlılara karşı yapılacak sürveylerle dikkatli olunması gerektiği önerilmektedir.

References

  • REFERENCES
  • Adams B., Catchot A., Gore J., Cook D., Musser F., Dodds D., 2013. Impact of planting date and varietal maturity on tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 (6), 2378-2383.
  • Arı S., 1999. Iğdır ovası pamuk ekim alanlarında blunan heteroptera ve homoptera türlerinin tespiti üzerinde bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 32 s., Erzurum.
  • Asiimwe P., Naranjo S.E., Ellsworth P.C., 2014. Effects of irrigation levels on interactions among Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae), insecticides, and predators in cotton. Environmental Entomology, 43 (2), 263-273.
  • Ateş N., 2018. Aydın ilinde farklı kültür bitkilerinde Miridae (Hemiptera) türlerinin ve doğal düşmanlarının farklı örnekleme yöntemleri ile popülasyon değişimlerinin saptanması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 101 s., Aydın.
  • Buffington M.L., Redak R.A., 1998. A comparison of vacuum sampling versus sweep-netting for arthropod biodiversity measurements in California coastal sage scrub. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2, 99-106.
  • Çerçi B., Gorczyca J., Koçak Ö., 2021. Description of new Miridae and Tingidae species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and new records from Southern Turkey. Zootaxa, 4949 (2), 312-332.
  • Deguine J.P., Ferron P., Russell D., 2008. Sustainable pest management for cotton production. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28, 113-137.
  • Demirel N., 2009. Determination of Heteroptera species on canola plants in Hatay province of Türkiye. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4 (11), 1226-1233.
  • Demirel N., 2022. Evaluation of seasonal population fluctuation of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cotton plants of Amik Plain. Mustafa Kemal University, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27 (3), 485-492.
  • Efil L., İlkan A., 2003. Determination of population alteration of harmful insect Creontiades pallidus Rmb. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton in Harran Plain. Proceeding of Third GAP Agriculture Congress, 2-3 October 2003, Şanlıurfa, 395-397.
  • Efil L., Bayram A., 2009. Factors affecting the distribution of two mirid bugs, Creontiades pallidus (Rampur) and Campylomma diversicornis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and notes on the parasitoid Leophron decifiens Ruthe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomologica Fennica, 20, 9-17
  • Egbuta M.A., McIntosh S., Waters D.L., Vancov T., Liu L., 2017. Biological importance of cotton by-products relative to chemical constituents of the cotton plant. Molecules, 22 (1), 93.
  • Fent M., 2011. Gökçeada ve Bozcaada Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) faunasına katkılar. Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 21 (1), 35-46.
  • George J., Glover J.P., Gore J., Crow W.D., Reddy G.V., 2021. Biology, ecology, and pest management of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in southern row crops. Insects, 12 (9), 807.
  • Gore J., Catchot A., Musser F., Greene J., Leonard B.R., Cook D.R., Jackson R., 2012. Development of a plant-based threshold for tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 (6), 2007-2014.
  • Harper A.M., Schaber B.D., Entz T., Story T.P., 1993. Assessment of sweep net and suction sampling for evaluating pest insect populations in hay alfalfa. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 90, 66-76.
  • Kıyak S., Ersoy D.E., 2022. A rare species from Türkiye collected by light traps: Polymerus palustris (Reuter, 1907) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey, 4 (2), 205-210.
  • Kranthi K.R., Jadhav D.R., Kranthi S., Wanjari R.R., Ali S.S., Russell D.A., 2002. Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India. Crop protection, 21 (6), 449-460.
  • Layton M.B., 2000. Biology and damage of the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris,in cotton. Southwestern Entomologist, 23, 7-20.
  • Lu Y., Wu K., Guo Y., 2014. Flight potential of Lygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Environmental Entomology, 36 (5), 1007-1013.
  • Matthews G.A., 1989. Cotton insect pests and their management. Longman Scientific & Technical, UK, Harlow, 199 pp.
  • McColl S.A., Khan M., Umina P.A., 2011. Review of the biology and control of Creontiades dilutus (Stål) (Hemiptera: Miridae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 50 (2), 107-117.
  • Musser F.R., Catchot A.L., Stewart S.D., Bagwell R.D., Lorenz G.M., Tindal K.V., Studebaker G.E., Leonard B.R., Akin D.S., Cook D.R., Daves C.A., 2009. Tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) thresholds and sampling comparisons for flowering cotton in the Midsouthern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102 (5), 1827-1836.
  • Mutlu Ç., Sertkaya E., Güçlü Ş., 2008. The population fluctuations of most abundant of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) species on second crop maize in Diyarbakır province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 32 (1), 21-32.
  • Parajulee M.N., Shrestha R.B., Leser J.F., 2006. Sampling methods, dispersion patterns, and fixed precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (2), 568-577.
  • Oeller E.C., Clark R.E., Hinojosa L., Murphy K.M., Crowder D.W., 2021. Effects of agronomic practices on Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) population dynamics in quinoa. Environmental Entomology, 50 (4), 852-859.
  • Önder F., Karsavuran Y., Tezcan S., Fent M., 2006. Heteroptera (Insecta) catalogue of Türkiye. Meta Basım, Bornova, Izmir, 164 pp.
  • Özgür O., Atakan E., Pehlivan S., 2019. Investigation of the damage of Miridae species on cotton in the Çukurova Region of Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (2), 143-156.
  • Scales A.L., Furr R.E., 1968. Relationship between the tarnished plant bug and deformed cotton plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 61 (1), 114-118.
  • Schotzko D.J., O’keeffe L.E., 1986. Evaluation of diel variation of sweepnet effectiveness in lentils for sampling Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 79 (2), 447-451.
  • Tepecik G., Dursun, A., 2020. A study on the Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) fauna of Amasya Province, Türkiye. Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey, 5 (1), 175-194.
  • TUIK, 2021. Turkish Statistical Institute, Crop Production Statistics, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (accessed date:18.12.2022).
  • Ugine T.A., 2012. Developmental times and age-specific life tables for Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), reared at multiple constant temperatures. Environmental, 41 (1), 1-10.
  • Wheeler A.G. Jr., 2001. Biology of the plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae): Pests, predators, opportunists. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 507 pp.
  • Wood W., Gore J., Catchot A., Cook D., Dodds D., Krutz L.J., 2016. Susceptibility of flowering cotton to damage and yield loss from tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 109 (3), 1188–1195.
  • Wood W., Gore J., Catchot A., Cook D., Dodds D., Krutz L.J., 2017. Effect of leaf pubescence on tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) ability to cause damage and yield loss in cotton. The Journal of Cotton Science, 21,122-127.
  • Yazıcı G., Yıldırım E., 2018. Three new records from Phylinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) for the Turkish fauna. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42 (4), 508-512.
  • Yıldırım Ş., 2020. Investigation of sources of eggplant (Solanum melongena) resistant to Lygus several species. Institute of Science, Akdeniz University, Unpublished Master Thesis, 36 pp., Antalya.
  • ZMTT, 2008. Plant Protection Technical Guidelines. Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, 2, 81-85.

Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 4, 42 - 51, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1336017

Abstract

Many insect pests infest cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop, resulting in significant economic losses. The tarnished plant bugs (Lygus species) greatly damage the cotton crop during all growth stages. This study determined Lygus species infesting cotton in Diyarbakır province, their distribution, and population dynamics during 2020 and 2021. Lygus species samples were collected from 244 fields in 7 districts of the province by using either D-vac or sweep net based on the phenological period of cotton. Population dynamics of the species were monitored weekly by using sweep net and D-vac from two fields situated in the Sur (Gencan village) and Çınar (Şükürlü village) districts of the province during both years. Two species including Lygus gemellatus (Herrich-Schäffer) and L. pratensis (Linnaeus) were identified during the study. Lygus gemellatus was the most common and abundant species observed in 91.2% and 74.7% of the surveyed fields during 2020 and 2021, respectively. The species were recorded at the end of May (before flowering) during both years, and their populations increased afterward. The peak population of both species was observed during the boll maturation period. The D-vac trapped a statistically higher number of Lygus bugs than the sweep net at Gencan (p <0.05), while both methods trapped statistically similar numbers of bugs at Şükürlü. It is concluded that the population density of both species can change from year to year depending on biotic and abiotic factors. It is suggested that survey studies must be conducted at the start of a vegetative period of cotton to monitor these species.

References

  • REFERENCES
  • Adams B., Catchot A., Gore J., Cook D., Musser F., Dodds D., 2013. Impact of planting date and varietal maturity on tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 (6), 2378-2383.
  • Arı S., 1999. Iğdır ovası pamuk ekim alanlarında blunan heteroptera ve homoptera türlerinin tespiti üzerinde bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 32 s., Erzurum.
  • Asiimwe P., Naranjo S.E., Ellsworth P.C., 2014. Effects of irrigation levels on interactions among Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae), insecticides, and predators in cotton. Environmental Entomology, 43 (2), 263-273.
  • Ateş N., 2018. Aydın ilinde farklı kültür bitkilerinde Miridae (Hemiptera) türlerinin ve doğal düşmanlarının farklı örnekleme yöntemleri ile popülasyon değişimlerinin saptanması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 101 s., Aydın.
  • Buffington M.L., Redak R.A., 1998. A comparison of vacuum sampling versus sweep-netting for arthropod biodiversity measurements in California coastal sage scrub. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2, 99-106.
  • Çerçi B., Gorczyca J., Koçak Ö., 2021. Description of new Miridae and Tingidae species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and new records from Southern Turkey. Zootaxa, 4949 (2), 312-332.
  • Deguine J.P., Ferron P., Russell D., 2008. Sustainable pest management for cotton production. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28, 113-137.
  • Demirel N., 2009. Determination of Heteroptera species on canola plants in Hatay province of Türkiye. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4 (11), 1226-1233.
  • Demirel N., 2022. Evaluation of seasonal population fluctuation of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cotton plants of Amik Plain. Mustafa Kemal University, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27 (3), 485-492.
  • Efil L., İlkan A., 2003. Determination of population alteration of harmful insect Creontiades pallidus Rmb. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton in Harran Plain. Proceeding of Third GAP Agriculture Congress, 2-3 October 2003, Şanlıurfa, 395-397.
  • Efil L., Bayram A., 2009. Factors affecting the distribution of two mirid bugs, Creontiades pallidus (Rampur) and Campylomma diversicornis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and notes on the parasitoid Leophron decifiens Ruthe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomologica Fennica, 20, 9-17
  • Egbuta M.A., McIntosh S., Waters D.L., Vancov T., Liu L., 2017. Biological importance of cotton by-products relative to chemical constituents of the cotton plant. Molecules, 22 (1), 93.
  • Fent M., 2011. Gökçeada ve Bozcaada Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) faunasına katkılar. Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 21 (1), 35-46.
  • George J., Glover J.P., Gore J., Crow W.D., Reddy G.V., 2021. Biology, ecology, and pest management of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in southern row crops. Insects, 12 (9), 807.
  • Gore J., Catchot A., Musser F., Greene J., Leonard B.R., Cook D.R., Jackson R., 2012. Development of a plant-based threshold for tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 (6), 2007-2014.
  • Harper A.M., Schaber B.D., Entz T., Story T.P., 1993. Assessment of sweep net and suction sampling for evaluating pest insect populations in hay alfalfa. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 90, 66-76.
  • Kıyak S., Ersoy D.E., 2022. A rare species from Türkiye collected by light traps: Polymerus palustris (Reuter, 1907) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey, 4 (2), 205-210.
  • Kranthi K.R., Jadhav D.R., Kranthi S., Wanjari R.R., Ali S.S., Russell D.A., 2002. Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India. Crop protection, 21 (6), 449-460.
  • Layton M.B., 2000. Biology and damage of the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris,in cotton. Southwestern Entomologist, 23, 7-20.
  • Lu Y., Wu K., Guo Y., 2014. Flight potential of Lygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Environmental Entomology, 36 (5), 1007-1013.
  • Matthews G.A., 1989. Cotton insect pests and their management. Longman Scientific & Technical, UK, Harlow, 199 pp.
  • McColl S.A., Khan M., Umina P.A., 2011. Review of the biology and control of Creontiades dilutus (Stål) (Hemiptera: Miridae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 50 (2), 107-117.
  • Musser F.R., Catchot A.L., Stewart S.D., Bagwell R.D., Lorenz G.M., Tindal K.V., Studebaker G.E., Leonard B.R., Akin D.S., Cook D.R., Daves C.A., 2009. Tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) thresholds and sampling comparisons for flowering cotton in the Midsouthern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102 (5), 1827-1836.
  • Mutlu Ç., Sertkaya E., Güçlü Ş., 2008. The population fluctuations of most abundant of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) species on second crop maize in Diyarbakır province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 32 (1), 21-32.
  • Parajulee M.N., Shrestha R.B., Leser J.F., 2006. Sampling methods, dispersion patterns, and fixed precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and cotton fleahoppers (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (2), 568-577.
  • Oeller E.C., Clark R.E., Hinojosa L., Murphy K.M., Crowder D.W., 2021. Effects of agronomic practices on Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) population dynamics in quinoa. Environmental Entomology, 50 (4), 852-859.
  • Önder F., Karsavuran Y., Tezcan S., Fent M., 2006. Heteroptera (Insecta) catalogue of Türkiye. Meta Basım, Bornova, Izmir, 164 pp.
  • Özgür O., Atakan E., Pehlivan S., 2019. Investigation of the damage of Miridae species on cotton in the Çukurova Region of Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (2), 143-156.
  • Scales A.L., Furr R.E., 1968. Relationship between the tarnished plant bug and deformed cotton plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 61 (1), 114-118.
  • Schotzko D.J., O’keeffe L.E., 1986. Evaluation of diel variation of sweepnet effectiveness in lentils for sampling Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 79 (2), 447-451.
  • Tepecik G., Dursun, A., 2020. A study on the Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) fauna of Amasya Province, Türkiye. Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey, 5 (1), 175-194.
  • TUIK, 2021. Turkish Statistical Institute, Crop Production Statistics, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (accessed date:18.12.2022).
  • Ugine T.A., 2012. Developmental times and age-specific life tables for Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), reared at multiple constant temperatures. Environmental, 41 (1), 1-10.
  • Wheeler A.G. Jr., 2001. Biology of the plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae): Pests, predators, opportunists. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 507 pp.
  • Wood W., Gore J., Catchot A., Cook D., Dodds D., Krutz L.J., 2016. Susceptibility of flowering cotton to damage and yield loss from tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 109 (3), 1188–1195.
  • Wood W., Gore J., Catchot A., Cook D., Dodds D., Krutz L.J., 2017. Effect of leaf pubescence on tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) ability to cause damage and yield loss in cotton. The Journal of Cotton Science, 21,122-127.
  • Yazıcı G., Yıldırım E., 2018. Three new records from Phylinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) for the Turkish fauna. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42 (4), 508-512.
  • Yıldırım Ş., 2020. Investigation of sources of eggplant (Solanum melongena) resistant to Lygus several species. Institute of Science, Akdeniz University, Unpublished Master Thesis, 36 pp., Antalya.
  • ZMTT, 2008. Plant Protection Technical Guidelines. Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, 2, 81-85.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Entomology in Agriculture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hivda Yalçın 0000-0003-0681-9298

Çetin Mutlu 0000-0003-4962-5506

Early Pub Date December 27, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date August 2, 2023
Acceptance Date October 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 63 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yalçın, H., & Mutlu, Ç. (2023). Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye. Plant Protection Bulletin, 63(4), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1336017
AMA Yalçın H, Mutlu Ç. Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye. Plant Protection Bulletin. December 2023;63(4):42-51. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1336017
Chicago Yalçın, Hivda, and Çetin Mutlu. “Lygus Species (Hemiptera: Miridae), Their Distribution, and Population Dynamics in Cotton Production Areas in Diyarbakır Province, Türkiye”. Plant Protection Bulletin 63, no. 4 (December 2023): 42-51. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1336017.
EndNote Yalçın H, Mutlu Ç (December 1, 2023) Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye. Plant Protection Bulletin 63 4 42–51.
IEEE H. Yalçın and Ç. Mutlu, “Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 42–51, 2023, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1336017.
ISNAD Yalçın, Hivda - Mutlu, Çetin. “Lygus Species (Hemiptera: Miridae), Their Distribution, and Population Dynamics in Cotton Production Areas in Diyarbakır Province, Türkiye”. Plant Protection Bulletin 63/4 (December 2023), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1336017.
JAMA Yalçın H, Mutlu Ç. Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2023;63:42–51.
MLA Yalçın, Hivda and Çetin Mutlu. “Lygus Species (Hemiptera: Miridae), Their Distribution, and Population Dynamics in Cotton Production Areas in Diyarbakır Province, Türkiye”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 4, 2023, pp. 42-51, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1336017.
Vancouver Yalçın H, Mutlu Ç. Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2023;63(4):42-51.

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