<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2147-3129</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-3188</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bitlis Eren University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17798/bitlisfen.1832220</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Energy Efficiency</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Enerji Verimliliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Evaluating The Efficiency of a Facility Through a Detailed Energy Audit</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-1041</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kapan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sinan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260324">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>24</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>15</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>438</fpage>
                                        <lpage>447</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251128">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260209">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Global climate change, triggered by rising greenhouse gas emissions, continues to threaten our planet. One of the most effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is through energy efficiency practices in industrial facilities. According to the Energy Efficiency Law enacted in Türkiye, factories with an energy capacity exceeding 1,000 Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE) are required to undergo an energy audit every four years. This study, based on the data gathered from a detailed energy audit conducted at a manufacturing facility, proposed energy efficiency projects. Six areas with energy savings potential were identified. These projects include the installation of an energy monitoring and automation system in the facility, elimination of compressed air leakage, lighting conversion, insulation, solar power plant installation, and replacing inefficient pump motors with more efficient motors. Implementation of the proposed projects will result in annual savings of $64,476.5, equivalent to the monetary equivalent of 90.06 TOE of energy. Environmental impact analysis revealed a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 418 tons. The total initial investment cost of the 6 proposed projects is $238,060.6, and the average payback period is calculated as 3.7 years.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Energy Analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Efficiency</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Audit</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  CO2 emissions.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Kaya and M. Yilmaz, “Global climate change and historical trends in climate indicators,” Cukurova University Journal of Engineering and Architecture, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 127–140, 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2013. Paris, France: IEA, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">E. Worrell, L. Bernstein, J. Roy, L. Price, and J. Harnisch, “Industrial energy efficiency and climate change mitigation,” Energy Efficiency, vol. 2, pp. 109–123, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Kartha, L. Nilsson, N. Sharma, and J. R. Moreira, “Global energy efficiency improvement in the long term: a demand- and supply-side perspective,” Energy Efficiency, vol. 4, pp. 435–463, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. E. Hosseini, “An overview of global energy scenarios and transition pathways,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 141, p. 110608, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">M. Levi, “Climate implications of energy choices in the industrial sector,” Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 6155–6164, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">A. Hasanbeigi, L. Price, and C. Zhang, “Energy efficiency improvement and CO₂ emission reduction in the iron and steel sector,” Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 5680–5692, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">A. Thollander and P. Rohdin, “Energy audits in industry—A systematic review of the literature,” Energy Policy, vol. 60, pp. 134–144, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">M. C. P. Ramírez, W. F. Brouwer, K. Blok, and E. Worrell, “Energy efficiency and CO₂ emissions reduction opportunities in the industrial sector: A case study approach,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2270–2285, 2006.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">C. Trianni and G. Cagno, “Dealing with barriers to industrial energy efficiency: An innovative approach to support energy audit activities,” Applied Energy, vol. 104, pp. 653–662, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">E. Fabrizio, V. Corrado, and A. Filippi, “A methodology for energy audit and monitoring of industrial facilities,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2140–2147, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">A. Boharb, A. Allouhi, R. Saidur, T. Kousksou, A. Jamil, Y. Mourad, and A. Benbassou, “Auditing and analysis of energy consumption of an industrial site in Morocco,” Energy, vol. 101, pp. 332–342, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">T. Engin and V. Ari, “Energy auditing and recovery for dry type cement rotary kiln system: a case study,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 551–562, 2005.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">L. Worrell, J. Roy, K. C. Delhotal, L. Price, and E. Worrell, “Industrial energy efficiency and carbon dioxide mitigation opportunities in the U.S. iron and steel industry,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2270–2285, 2006.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">M. E. U. Oz and M. Z. Sogut, “Assessment of energy performance based on energy audit of a hotel using exergy approach,” European Journal of Technique (EJT), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45–53, 2019.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">H. H. Sait, “Auditing and analysis of energy consumption of an educational building in hot and humid area,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 66, pp. 143–152, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">O. A. Oyelaran, Y. Y. Twada, and O. M. Sanusi, “Energy audit of an industry: A case study of fabrication company,” Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 45–53, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Cağman, E. Soylu, and U. Unver, “A research on the easy-to-use energy efficiency performance indicators for energy audit and energy monitoring of industrial compressed air systems,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 365, 132698, 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
