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The Assessment of H2S Emission from Araç Watercourse, in Karabük

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 1083 - 1092, 17.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.905006

Abstract

Odor pollution is an important type of pollution that is subject to complaints in terms of quality of life and health. Since the odor perception is a sensorial process that occurs naturally with breathing, it is difficult to avoid when exposed. H2S is one of the main sources of odor pollution and wastewater reservoir, estuarine and polluted river or waterways are among the most suitable areas for H2S formation. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in H2S concentrations on Araç Watercourse. Therefore, in this study, H2S concentrations were determined instantaneously by using portable handheld gas monitors in air samples from the surface of Araç Watercourse at 15 points within the boundaries of Karabük city, and at the same time, pH and temperature values were determined. According to results , there were statistically significant differences in the H2S and pH values between the sampling points (p <0.05). H2S concentration decreased in the order according to the sampling points as SP10< SP1< SP11< SP2< SP12< SP3< SP13< SP14< SP7< SP8< SP9< SP15< SP4< SP5< SP6. The highest level was determined after the industrial zone and the lowest levels were determined at the furthest point from the city center and industrial facilities. The results were shown in a map by using ArcGIS program.

References

  • [1] Hussien B. M., Rabeea M. A., Farhan M. M. 2020. Characterization and behavior of Hydrogen Sulfide plumes released from active sulfide-tar springs, Hit-Iraq. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11 (5): 894-902.
  • [2] Ulutaş K., Pekey H., Demir S., Dinçer F. 2017. Determinatıon of odor levels in wastewater treatment plants by olfactometric method. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science and Engineering, 19 (57): 867-877.
  • [3] Woodall G. M., Smith R. L., Granville, G. C. 2005. Proceedings of the hydrogen sulfide health research and risk assessment symposium October 31-November 2, 2000. Inhalation toxicology, 17 (11): 593-639.
  • [4] Pavilonis B. T., O'Shaughnessy P. T., Altmaier R., Metwali N., Thorne P. S. 2013. Passive monitors to measure hydrogen sulfide near concentrated animal feeding operations. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 15 (6): 1271-1278.
  • [5] Moreno-Silva C., Calvo D. C., Torres N., Ayala L., Gaitán M., González L., Rincón P., Susa M. R. 2020. Hydrogen sulphide emissions and dispersion modelling from a wastewater reservoir using flux chamber measurements and AERMOD® simulations. Atmospheric Environment, 224: 117263.
  • [6] Ogbemudia F. O., Ita R. E. 2020. Assessment of Air Quality and Meteorological Variables in Lower Stubbs Creek, Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria. World News of Natural Sciences, 28: 121-130.
  • [7] Novita E., Pradana H. A., Purnomo B. H., Puspitasari A. I. 2020. River water quality assessment in East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Water and Land Development, 135-141.
  • [8] Odum E. P. 1997. Ecology: a bridge between science and society. Sinauer Associates Incorporated, Sunderland, 1-330.
  • [9] Huang J., Yın H., Chapra S.C., Zhou Q. 2017. Modelling dissolved oxygen depression in an urban river in China, Water, 9: 1-19.
  • [10] Water pollution from agriculture: A global review, Rome–Colombo, 2017. http://www.fao.org/3/i7754e/i7754e.pdf (Available: 29.02.2021).
  • [11] Toxicological review of hydrogen sulfide, 2003. EPA/635/R-03/005 Washington, DC https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/toxreviews/0061tr.pdf (Available: 29.02.2021).
  • [12] Guidotti T.L. 2010. Hydrogen sulfide: advances in understanding human toxicity, International journal of toxicology, 29 (6): 569-581.
  • [13] Guidotti T.L. 1996. Hydrogen sulfide, Occup Med., 46 (5): 367-371.
  • [14] Polat N. 2019. Araç çayı havzası’nın uygulamalı hidrografyası. Master Thesis, Karabük University, Karabük.
  • [15] Karabük'te toplu balık ölümleri, 2018. https://tv.haberturk.com/tv/burasi-turkiye/video/karabukte-toplu-balik-olumleri-cok-sayida-balik-karaya-vurdu/496426 (Available: 29.02.2021).
  • [16] Çevre Durum Raporu, 2013. Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, Karabük.
  • [17] Özen F. 2019. Evaluation of soil fertility in citrus planted areas by geostatistics analysis method. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, (4): 351-363.
  • [18] Ölmez S.S. 2008. Odour control in wastewater treatment plants using ozonation and chemical scrubbing. (Master Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul).
  • [19] Isworo S, Oetari P.S, Indah N.A. 2017. Water Quality Status of River Donan due to Operational Refinery Pertamina Unit IV Cilacap-Central Java-Indonesia. Asian Journal of Biology, 1-10.
  • 20] Wiener M.S, Salas B.V, Quintero-Nunez M, Zlatev R. 2006. Effect of H2S on corrosion in polluted waters: a review. Corrosion engineering, science and technology, 41 (3): 221-227.
  • [21] Sawyer C.N, Mc Cartey T.L, Parkin G.S. 2003. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, 5th edition.; Mc Graw-Hill Interntional Editions, New York, USA.
  • [22] Jesse L, Cristiane L, Michael A.J. 2015. AERMOD View User Guide, Lakes Environmental, Kanada.
  • [23] Antai R.E, Osuji L.C, Obafemi A.A, Onojake M. 2020. Assessment of Changes in Air Quality in Wet Season: A Case Study of Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 14 (5): 10-21.
  • [24] Muezzinoglu A. 2003. A study of volatile organic sulfur emissions causing urban odors. Chemosphere, 51 (4): 245-252.
  • [25] Muezzinoglu A, Odabasi M, Onat L. 2001. Volatile organic compounds in the air of İzmir, Turkey. Atmospheric Environment, 35 (4): 753-760.
  • [26] Rim-Rukeh A. 2014. An assessment of the contribution of municipal solid waste dump sites fire to atmospheric pollution. Open Journal of Air Pollution, 3 (03): 53.
  • [27] Verma A, Kumar R, Yadav S. 2020. Distribution, pollution levels, toxicity, and health risk assessment of metals in surface dust from Bhiwadi industrial area in North India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 26 (8): 2091-2111.
  • [28] Schiffman S.S, Bennett J.L, Raymer J.H. 2001. Quantification of odors and odorants from swine operations in North Carolina. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 108 (3): 213-240.
  • [29] Jeon E.C, Son H.K, Sa J.H. 2009. Emission characteristics and factors of selected odorous compounds at a wastewater treatment plant. Sensors, 9 (1): 311-326.
  • [30] Dincer F. 2007. Characteristic and Chemistry of Odors from Selected Industrial Facilities in Izmir (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir).
  • [31] Koku Oluşturan Emisyonların Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. T.C Resmi Gazete. 19 Temmuz 2013 tarih, Sayı:28712.
  • [32] Saral A, Demir S, Yıldız Ş. 2009. Assessment of odorous VOCs released from a main MSW landfill site in Istanbul-Turkey via a modelling approach. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (1): 338-345.
  • [33] Rappert S, Müller R. 2005. Odor compounds in waste gas emissions from agricultural operations and food industries. Waste Management, 25 (9): 887-907.

The Assessment of H2S Emission from Araç Stream, in Karabük

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 1083 - 1092, 17.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.905006

Abstract

Koku kirliliği, yaşam kalitesi ve sağlık açısından şikayet konusu olan önemli bir kirlilik türüdür. Koku algısı, nefes alma ile doğal olarak oluşan duyusal bir süreç olduğundan, maruz kaldığında kaçınılması zordur. H2S, koku kirliliğinin ana kaynaklarından biridir ve atık su rezervuarı, nehir ağzı ve kirli nehir veya su yolları H2S oluşumu için en uygun alanlar arasındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Araç Çayı üzerindeki H2S konsantrasyonlarındaki değişiklikleri belirlemektir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Karabük ili sınırları içerisinde 15 noktada Araç Çayı yüzeyinden alınan hava örneklerinde portatif el tipi gaz monitörleri kullanılarak anlık H2S konsantrasyonları belirlenmiş ve aynı zamanda pH ve sıcaklık değerleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre örnekleme noktaları arasında H2S ve pH değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar vardı (p <0,05). H2S konsantrasyonu, örnekleme noktalarına göre sırasıyla SP10< SP1< SP11< SP2< SP12< SP3< SP13< SP14< SP7< SP8< SP9< SP15< SP4< SP5< SP6 olarak azalmıştır. En yüksek seviye sanayi bölgesinden sonra, en düşük seviyeler ise şehir merkezi ve sanayi tesislerine en uzak noktada belirlendi. Sonuçlar ArcGIS programı kullanılarak bir haritada gösterilmiştir.

References

  • [1] Hussien B. M., Rabeea M. A., Farhan M. M. 2020. Characterization and behavior of Hydrogen Sulfide plumes released from active sulfide-tar springs, Hit-Iraq. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11 (5): 894-902.
  • [2] Ulutaş K., Pekey H., Demir S., Dinçer F. 2017. Determinatıon of odor levels in wastewater treatment plants by olfactometric method. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science and Engineering, 19 (57): 867-877.
  • [3] Woodall G. M., Smith R. L., Granville, G. C. 2005. Proceedings of the hydrogen sulfide health research and risk assessment symposium October 31-November 2, 2000. Inhalation toxicology, 17 (11): 593-639.
  • [4] Pavilonis B. T., O'Shaughnessy P. T., Altmaier R., Metwali N., Thorne P. S. 2013. Passive monitors to measure hydrogen sulfide near concentrated animal feeding operations. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 15 (6): 1271-1278.
  • [5] Moreno-Silva C., Calvo D. C., Torres N., Ayala L., Gaitán M., González L., Rincón P., Susa M. R. 2020. Hydrogen sulphide emissions and dispersion modelling from a wastewater reservoir using flux chamber measurements and AERMOD® simulations. Atmospheric Environment, 224: 117263.
  • [6] Ogbemudia F. O., Ita R. E. 2020. Assessment of Air Quality and Meteorological Variables in Lower Stubbs Creek, Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria. World News of Natural Sciences, 28: 121-130.
  • [7] Novita E., Pradana H. A., Purnomo B. H., Puspitasari A. I. 2020. River water quality assessment in East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Water and Land Development, 135-141.
  • [8] Odum E. P. 1997. Ecology: a bridge between science and society. Sinauer Associates Incorporated, Sunderland, 1-330.
  • [9] Huang J., Yın H., Chapra S.C., Zhou Q. 2017. Modelling dissolved oxygen depression in an urban river in China, Water, 9: 1-19.
  • [10] Water pollution from agriculture: A global review, Rome–Colombo, 2017. http://www.fao.org/3/i7754e/i7754e.pdf (Available: 29.02.2021).
  • [11] Toxicological review of hydrogen sulfide, 2003. EPA/635/R-03/005 Washington, DC https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/toxreviews/0061tr.pdf (Available: 29.02.2021).
  • [12] Guidotti T.L. 2010. Hydrogen sulfide: advances in understanding human toxicity, International journal of toxicology, 29 (6): 569-581.
  • [13] Guidotti T.L. 1996. Hydrogen sulfide, Occup Med., 46 (5): 367-371.
  • [14] Polat N. 2019. Araç çayı havzası’nın uygulamalı hidrografyası. Master Thesis, Karabük University, Karabük.
  • [15] Karabük'te toplu balık ölümleri, 2018. https://tv.haberturk.com/tv/burasi-turkiye/video/karabukte-toplu-balik-olumleri-cok-sayida-balik-karaya-vurdu/496426 (Available: 29.02.2021).
  • [16] Çevre Durum Raporu, 2013. Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, Karabük.
  • [17] Özen F. 2019. Evaluation of soil fertility in citrus planted areas by geostatistics analysis method. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, (4): 351-363.
  • [18] Ölmez S.S. 2008. Odour control in wastewater treatment plants using ozonation and chemical scrubbing. (Master Thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul).
  • [19] Isworo S, Oetari P.S, Indah N.A. 2017. Water Quality Status of River Donan due to Operational Refinery Pertamina Unit IV Cilacap-Central Java-Indonesia. Asian Journal of Biology, 1-10.
  • 20] Wiener M.S, Salas B.V, Quintero-Nunez M, Zlatev R. 2006. Effect of H2S on corrosion in polluted waters: a review. Corrosion engineering, science and technology, 41 (3): 221-227.
  • [21] Sawyer C.N, Mc Cartey T.L, Parkin G.S. 2003. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, 5th edition.; Mc Graw-Hill Interntional Editions, New York, USA.
  • [22] Jesse L, Cristiane L, Michael A.J. 2015. AERMOD View User Guide, Lakes Environmental, Kanada.
  • [23] Antai R.E, Osuji L.C, Obafemi A.A, Onojake M. 2020. Assessment of Changes in Air Quality in Wet Season: A Case Study of Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 14 (5): 10-21.
  • [24] Muezzinoglu A. 2003. A study of volatile organic sulfur emissions causing urban odors. Chemosphere, 51 (4): 245-252.
  • [25] Muezzinoglu A, Odabasi M, Onat L. 2001. Volatile organic compounds in the air of İzmir, Turkey. Atmospheric Environment, 35 (4): 753-760.
  • [26] Rim-Rukeh A. 2014. An assessment of the contribution of municipal solid waste dump sites fire to atmospheric pollution. Open Journal of Air Pollution, 3 (03): 53.
  • [27] Verma A, Kumar R, Yadav S. 2020. Distribution, pollution levels, toxicity, and health risk assessment of metals in surface dust from Bhiwadi industrial area in North India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 26 (8): 2091-2111.
  • [28] Schiffman S.S, Bennett J.L, Raymer J.H. 2001. Quantification of odors and odorants from swine operations in North Carolina. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 108 (3): 213-240.
  • [29] Jeon E.C, Son H.K, Sa J.H. 2009. Emission characteristics and factors of selected odorous compounds at a wastewater treatment plant. Sensors, 9 (1): 311-326.
  • [30] Dincer F. 2007. Characteristic and Chemistry of Odors from Selected Industrial Facilities in Izmir (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir).
  • [31] Koku Oluşturan Emisyonların Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. T.C Resmi Gazete. 19 Temmuz 2013 tarih, Sayı:28712.
  • [32] Saral A, Demir S, Yıldız Ş. 2009. Assessment of odorous VOCs released from a main MSW landfill site in Istanbul-Turkey via a modelling approach. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (1): 338-345.
  • [33] Rappert S, Müller R. 2005. Odor compounds in waste gas emissions from agricultural operations and food industries. Waste Management, 25 (9): 887-907.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Kadir Ulutaş 0000-0002-2931-3559

Ayhan Kocaman This is me 0000-0002-1597-7936

Rahman Çalhan This is me 0000-0002-3894-8468

Publication Date September 17, 2021
Submission Date March 30, 2021
Acceptance Date August 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE K. Ulutaş, A. Kocaman, and R. Çalhan, “The Assessment of H2S Emission from Araç Watercourse, in Karabük”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1083–1092, 2021, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.905006.

Bitlis Eren University
Journal of Science Editor
Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS