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RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES THAT MAY ARISE IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD

Year 2023, Volume: I Issue: 1, 98 - 114, 24.10.2023

Serkan Kaya

Abstract

The concept of the metaverse has garnered significant attention in recent years, mostly due to the emergence of virtual reality and other cutting-edge technology. The concept of a fully-developed metaverse, wherein individuals can engage in shared virtual interactions, has garnered significant interest among entrepreneurs and technology enthusiasts. Nevertheless, akin to any nascent technological advancement, the metaverse is not without its inherent challenges and apprehensions. Disputes pertaining to the metaverse can arise between users, users and the platform operator, or even between distinct virtual realities. These disputes can involve many concerns, including disputes over virtual property in online games, involving intellectual property disputes, and even disputes arising from digital currency transactions. This article overviews the methods and examines legal challenges in resolving disputes may ocur in virtual world.

Keywords

Blokchain Metaverse Metaverse Related Disputes NFT Smart Contract Virtual Reality

References

  • Allen D W E, Lane A M ve Poblet M, ‘The Governance of Blockchain Dispute Resolution’ (2019) 25 (75) Harvard Negotiation Law Review 80
  • Aouidef Y, Ast F ve Deffains B, ‘Decentralized Justice: A Comparative Analysis of Blockchain Online Dispute Resolution Projects’, (Frontiers in Blockchain, 2021)
  • Araalan C, ‘Metaverse Teknolojisi’nin Sözleşmeler Hukuku’nda Sebep Olacağı Değişimlere İlişkin Değerlendirmeler’ (2022) 17 (193) Terazi Hukuk Dergisi 14
  • Araalan C, ‘Blokzincir Teknolojisi ve Metaverse’ İstanbul Barosu Bilişim Hukuku Komisyonu Yapay Zekâ Çalışma Grubu, Metaverse 22 <https://www.istanbulbarosu.org.tr/files/komisyonlar/yzcg/metaverse.pdf?trk=organization_guest_main-feed-card_feed-article-content> Erişim tarihi: 25 Temmuz 2023
  • Arıkan Ö, ‘Telif Hakları Boyutuyla NFT’ler’ (2022) 8(2) Ticaret ve Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku Dergisi 323
  • Asso J ve Azaria L, ‘The Metaverse and International Arbitration – How to Anticipate and Resolve Web 3.0 Disputes’ (Lalive, 2022) <https://s3.amazonaws.com/documents.lexology.com/105dcce9-8d59-4a1a-a52bb0a4214ef93e.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAVYILUYJ754JTDY6T&Expires=1694155402&Signature=R4OP7C0uanNlBEBGabyAyXSeIMI%3D> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023.
  • Bilgili F ve Cengil M F, Blockchain ve Kripto Para Hukuku (2. basım, Dora 2022)
  • Brittain B ‘StockX Strikes Back at Nike in NFT Lawsuit’ Reuters (March 2022) <https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/stockx-strikes-back-nike-nft-lawsuit-2022-03-31/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Buchwald M, ‘Smart Contract Dispute Resolution: The Inescapable Flaws of Blockchain-Based Arbitration’ (2020) 168 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1369
  • Bullain I A ve Soler P C, ‘Disputes in the Era of Meta Worlds: the role of arbitration’ <https://www.uria.com/documentos/publicaciones/8224/documento/iao10-um.pdf?id=13158&forceDownload=true> Erişim tarihi: 16 Temmuz 2023
  • Caria R, ‘Definitions of Smart Contracts: Between Law and Code’ in Larry A DiMatteo, Michel Cannarsa and Cristina Poncibò (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms (Cambridge University Press 2019)
  • Carter R, ‘A Quick Guide to the Metaverse Property Prices’ (Bankless Times, 2023) <https://www.banklesstimes.com/metaverse-property-prices/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Cengil M F, ‘Merkezi Olmayan Özerk Organizasyonun (DAO’nun) Hukuki Niteliği’ <https://nasamer.ku.edu.tr/merkezi-olmayan-ozerk-organizasyonun-daonun-hukuki-niteligi/> Erişim tarihi: 11 Haziran 2023
  • Chan E ve Hay E, ‘Something Borrowed, Something Blue: The Best Of Both Worlds in Metaverse Related Disputes’ (2022) 15(2) Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 205
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi, Blokzincir Sözlüğü, <https://cbddo.gov.tr/sss/blokzincir-sozlugu/> Erişim tarihi: 2 Temmuz 2023
  • Çağlayan Aksoy P, Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Kuruluşu ve Geçerlilik Şartları (2. basım, On İki Levha 2022)
  • Çekin M S, ‘Borçlar Hukuku ile Veri Koruma Hukuku Açısından Blockchain Teknolojisi ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Hukuk Düzenimizde Bir Paradigma Değişimine Gerek Var Mı?’ (2019) 77(1) İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 315
  • Decentraland ‘Terms of Use’(2023) <https://decentraland.org/terms/#1-acceptance-of-terms> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Decentraland ‘Terms of Use’ (2023) <https://decentraland.org/terms/#18-binding-arbitration-and-class-action-waiver> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • De Filippi P ve Wright A, Blockchain and the Law: The Rule of Code (Harvard University Press 2018)
  • DiMatteo L A, Cannarsa M ve Poncibò C, The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms (Cambridge University Press 2019)
  • Dispute Resolution (Between User and Roblox); Arbitration Agreement; Class Action Waiver of the Roblox User Terms and Clause <https://www.roblox.com/info/terms?locale=en_us> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Doğancı D E, Blokzincirine Dayalı Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Hukuki Nitelikleri, Kuruluşu, Yorumu, İfası ve Bazı Örnek Hukuki Uygulamalar (On İki Levha 2021)
  • Dylaghttps M ve Smith H, ‘From Cryptocurrencies to Cryptocourts: Blockchain and The Financialization of Dispute Resolution Platforms’ (2021) Information, Communication & Society 2
  • European Commission, ‘Commission Staff Working Document Overview of The Functioning of The Memorandum of Understanding on The Sale of Counterfeit Goods Via the Internet Accompanying Document to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee: A Balanced IP Enforcement System Responding to Today's Societal Challenges’ COM (2017) 707 Final
  • European Commission, ‘Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment: Accompanying the Document Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Preventing the Dissemination of Terrorist Content Online’ COM (2018) 640 Final
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, Tenge, E., Schäffner, M., Ypma, P., et al., ‘Study on Blockchains : Legal, Governance and Interoperability Aspects’, (2020) Publications Office 78
  • Evans T M, ‘The Role of International Rules in Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Commercial Disputes’ (2019) 65(1) Wayne Law Review 2
  • Hasan W (Game Voyagers 2023) ‘How Many Roblox Accounts Are There? The Surprising Answer’ <https://gamevoyagers.com/how-many-roblox-accounts-are-there-the-surprising-answer/> Erişim tarihi: 20 Mar 2023
  • Howell B E ve Potgieter P H, ‘Uncertainty and Dispute Resolution for Blockchain and Smart Contract Institutions’ (2021) 17 Journal of Institutional Economics 545
  • Jeon H and et al., ‘Blockchain and AI Meet in the Metaverse’ in Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés ve Paula Fraga-Lamas (eds.), Advances in the Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (IntechOpen Book Series 2022)
  • Kaya S, ‘Blokzincir Tabanlı Akıllı Sözleşmelerden Doğan Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü’ (2022) 18 (52) Medenî Usûl ve İcra İflâs Hukuku Dergisi 518
  • Kaya S, Consumer Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age: Online Dispute Resolution (On İki Levha 2020) Kaya S, ‘Dispute Prevention and Resolution in Online Shopping’ (2021) 6(10) İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 161
  • Kaya S ve Maviş K, ‘Blokzincir Teknolojilerinin Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Sistemleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Merkezi Olmayan Adalet Sistemi’ (2022) Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 480
  • Leenes R, ‘Privacy Regulation in the Metaverse’ in Brian Whitworth ve Aldo de Moor (eds), Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems (IGI Global 2009)
  • Lince T, ‘OpenSea: How Trademark Infringement is Rampant on the Biggest NFT Marketplace’ (World Trademark Review, January 2022) <https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/opensea-how-trademark-infringement-rampant-the-biggest-nft-marketplace> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Marks&Clerk, ‘Fashion disputes in the Metaverse’ (2023) <https://www.marks-clerk.com/insights/articles/fashion-disputes-in-the-metaverse/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Meta, ‘Hizmet Koşulları’ (2023) <https://tr-tr.facebook.com/terms.php?ref=pf> Erişim tarihi: 26 Ağustos 2023
  • Metaverse market revenue worldwide from 2021 to 2030 (Statista 2023) <https://www.statista.com/statistics/1295784/metaverse-market-size/> Erişim tarihi: 20 Mar 2023
  • Opensea (2023) <https://opensea.io/about> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Rabinovich-Einy O ve Katsh E, ‘Blockchain and the Inevitability of Disputes: The Role for Online Dispute Resolution’, (2019) 2 Journal of Dispute Resolution 114
  • Poritz I ve Lowenkron H, ‘Hermès Defeats MetaBirkins in the First NFT Trademark Trial’, Bloomberg Law (February 2023) <https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/hermes-gets-win-over-metabirkins-in-first-nft-trademark-trial?context=search&index=0&campaign=110787FA-A7C9-11ED-94BE-378742689A38&utm_medium=lawdesk&utm_source=twitter> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Ramos A, ‘The metaverse, NFTs and IP Rights: To Regulate or Not to Regulate’ (Wipo, June 2022) <https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2022/02/article_0002.html> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Roblox, ‘Roblox Terms of Use’ (2023) <https://en.help.roblox.com/hc/en-us/articles/115004647846> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Schmitz A J ve Rule C, ‘Online Dispute Resolution for Smart Contracts’, (2019) 2 Journal of Dispute Resolution 114
  • Second Life, ‘Tilia LLC User Terms of Service’ (2023) <https://www.tilia.io/legal/terms-of-service> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Simmons & Simmons, ‘Meta-Versus: Part 2- a non-exhaustive taxonomy of Metaverse disputes’ (July 2022) <https://www.simmons-simmons.com/en/publications/cl6535f721cyu0e19q5i714oi/meta-versus-part-2---a-non-exhaustive-taxonomy-of-metaverse-disputes> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Szabo N, ‘Smart Contracts’ <https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html> Erişim tarihi: 03 Temmuz 2023.
  • The Sandbox, ‘The Sandbox Terms of Use’ (2023) <https://www.sandbox.game/en/terms-of-use/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Terzi A, ‘Metaverse Kavramı ve Türkçe Karşılıkları Üzerine’ (2022) Türk Dili <chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.tdk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/%C3%82dem-Terzi-_-METAVERSE-KAVRAMI-VE-T%C3%9CRK%C3%87E-_-6-.pdf> Erişim tarihi: 16 Temmuz 2023
  • Tevetoğlu M, ‘Ethereum ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler’ (2021) 12(1) İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 195 Üstün E S, Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Blokzincir Teknolojisi (Seçkin 2022)
  • Vos G, ‘LawTech, Smart Contracts and Artificial Intelligence’, <https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CHC-speech-LawTech-Smart-Contracts-and-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf> Erişim tarihi: 25 Temmuz 2023
  • Voxels ‘Terms’ (2023) <https://www.voxels.com/terms> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023 Wang F, Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions: Contemporary Issues in the EU, US and China (2nd edn, Routledge 2014)

SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ

Year 2023, Volume: I Issue: 1, 98 - 114, 24.10.2023

Serkan Kaya

Abstract

Sanal alem (metaverse) kavramı, son yıllarda özellikle sanal gerçeklik ve diğer son teknoloji gelişmelerinin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte büyük ilgi görmüştür. Tam olarak geliştirilmiş bir metaverse kavramı, bireylerin ortak sanal etkileşimlerde bulunabileceği bir alan oluşturduğu için, bu konu girişimciler ve teknoloji meraklıları tarafından büyük ilgi görmüştür. Bununla birlikte, her yeni teknolojik gelişmede olduğu gibi, metaverse de özellikle sanal dünyada doğacak uyuşmazlıkların çözümü konusunda kendine özgü zorlukları ve endişeleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Metaverse ile ilgili uyuşmazlıklar, kullanıcılar arasında, kullanıcılar ile platform işletmecisi arasında veya farklı sanal dünyalar arasında ortaya çıkabilir. Bu uyuşmazlıklar, online oyunlardaki sanal mülkiyet uyuşmazlıkları, fikri mülkiyeti içeren uyuşmazlıklar ve dijital para işlemlerinden kaynaklanan uyuşmazlıklara kadar birçok uyuşmazlığı içerebilir. Bu makale, sanal evrende çıkabilecek uyuşmazlıkların çözüm yöntemlerini ve bu uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde ortaya çıkabilecek hukuki zorlukları incelemektedir.

Keywords

Akıllı Sözleşme Blokzincir NFT Sanal Gerçeklik Metaverse Metaverse Uyuşmazlıkları

References

  • Allen D W E, Lane A M ve Poblet M, ‘The Governance of Blockchain Dispute Resolution’ (2019) 25 (75) Harvard Negotiation Law Review 80
  • Aouidef Y, Ast F ve Deffains B, ‘Decentralized Justice: A Comparative Analysis of Blockchain Online Dispute Resolution Projects’, (Frontiers in Blockchain, 2021)
  • Araalan C, ‘Metaverse Teknolojisi’nin Sözleşmeler Hukuku’nda Sebep Olacağı Değişimlere İlişkin Değerlendirmeler’ (2022) 17 (193) Terazi Hukuk Dergisi 14
  • Araalan C, ‘Blokzincir Teknolojisi ve Metaverse’ İstanbul Barosu Bilişim Hukuku Komisyonu Yapay Zekâ Çalışma Grubu, Metaverse 22 <https://www.istanbulbarosu.org.tr/files/komisyonlar/yzcg/metaverse.pdf?trk=organization_guest_main-feed-card_feed-article-content> Erişim tarihi: 25 Temmuz 2023
  • Arıkan Ö, ‘Telif Hakları Boyutuyla NFT’ler’ (2022) 8(2) Ticaret ve Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku Dergisi 323
  • Asso J ve Azaria L, ‘The Metaverse and International Arbitration – How to Anticipate and Resolve Web 3.0 Disputes’ (Lalive, 2022) <https://s3.amazonaws.com/documents.lexology.com/105dcce9-8d59-4a1a-a52bb0a4214ef93e.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAVYILUYJ754JTDY6T&Expires=1694155402&Signature=R4OP7C0uanNlBEBGabyAyXSeIMI%3D> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023.
  • Bilgili F ve Cengil M F, Blockchain ve Kripto Para Hukuku (2. basım, Dora 2022)
  • Brittain B ‘StockX Strikes Back at Nike in NFT Lawsuit’ Reuters (March 2022) <https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/stockx-strikes-back-nike-nft-lawsuit-2022-03-31/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Buchwald M, ‘Smart Contract Dispute Resolution: The Inescapable Flaws of Blockchain-Based Arbitration’ (2020) 168 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1369
  • Bullain I A ve Soler P C, ‘Disputes in the Era of Meta Worlds: the role of arbitration’ <https://www.uria.com/documentos/publicaciones/8224/documento/iao10-um.pdf?id=13158&forceDownload=true> Erişim tarihi: 16 Temmuz 2023
  • Caria R, ‘Definitions of Smart Contracts: Between Law and Code’ in Larry A DiMatteo, Michel Cannarsa and Cristina Poncibò (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms (Cambridge University Press 2019)
  • Carter R, ‘A Quick Guide to the Metaverse Property Prices’ (Bankless Times, 2023) <https://www.banklesstimes.com/metaverse-property-prices/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Cengil M F, ‘Merkezi Olmayan Özerk Organizasyonun (DAO’nun) Hukuki Niteliği’ <https://nasamer.ku.edu.tr/merkezi-olmayan-ozerk-organizasyonun-daonun-hukuki-niteligi/> Erişim tarihi: 11 Haziran 2023
  • Chan E ve Hay E, ‘Something Borrowed, Something Blue: The Best Of Both Worlds in Metaverse Related Disputes’ (2022) 15(2) Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 205
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi, Blokzincir Sözlüğü, <https://cbddo.gov.tr/sss/blokzincir-sozlugu/> Erişim tarihi: 2 Temmuz 2023
  • Çağlayan Aksoy P, Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Kuruluşu ve Geçerlilik Şartları (2. basım, On İki Levha 2022)
  • Çekin M S, ‘Borçlar Hukuku ile Veri Koruma Hukuku Açısından Blockchain Teknolojisi ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Hukuk Düzenimizde Bir Paradigma Değişimine Gerek Var Mı?’ (2019) 77(1) İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 315
  • Decentraland ‘Terms of Use’(2023) <https://decentraland.org/terms/#1-acceptance-of-terms> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Decentraland ‘Terms of Use’ (2023) <https://decentraland.org/terms/#18-binding-arbitration-and-class-action-waiver> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • De Filippi P ve Wright A, Blockchain and the Law: The Rule of Code (Harvard University Press 2018)
  • DiMatteo L A, Cannarsa M ve Poncibò C, The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms (Cambridge University Press 2019)
  • Dispute Resolution (Between User and Roblox); Arbitration Agreement; Class Action Waiver of the Roblox User Terms and Clause <https://www.roblox.com/info/terms?locale=en_us> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Doğancı D E, Blokzincirine Dayalı Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Hukuki Nitelikleri, Kuruluşu, Yorumu, İfası ve Bazı Örnek Hukuki Uygulamalar (On İki Levha 2021)
  • Dylaghttps M ve Smith H, ‘From Cryptocurrencies to Cryptocourts: Blockchain and The Financialization of Dispute Resolution Platforms’ (2021) Information, Communication & Society 2
  • European Commission, ‘Commission Staff Working Document Overview of The Functioning of The Memorandum of Understanding on The Sale of Counterfeit Goods Via the Internet Accompanying Document to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee: A Balanced IP Enforcement System Responding to Today's Societal Challenges’ COM (2017) 707 Final
  • European Commission, ‘Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment: Accompanying the Document Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Preventing the Dissemination of Terrorist Content Online’ COM (2018) 640 Final
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, Tenge, E., Schäffner, M., Ypma, P., et al., ‘Study on Blockchains : Legal, Governance and Interoperability Aspects’, (2020) Publications Office 78
  • Evans T M, ‘The Role of International Rules in Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Commercial Disputes’ (2019) 65(1) Wayne Law Review 2
  • Hasan W (Game Voyagers 2023) ‘How Many Roblox Accounts Are There? The Surprising Answer’ <https://gamevoyagers.com/how-many-roblox-accounts-are-there-the-surprising-answer/> Erişim tarihi: 20 Mar 2023
  • Howell B E ve Potgieter P H, ‘Uncertainty and Dispute Resolution for Blockchain and Smart Contract Institutions’ (2021) 17 Journal of Institutional Economics 545
  • Jeon H and et al., ‘Blockchain and AI Meet in the Metaverse’ in Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés ve Paula Fraga-Lamas (eds.), Advances in the Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (IntechOpen Book Series 2022)
  • Kaya S, ‘Blokzincir Tabanlı Akıllı Sözleşmelerden Doğan Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü’ (2022) 18 (52) Medenî Usûl ve İcra İflâs Hukuku Dergisi 518
  • Kaya S, Consumer Dispute Resolution in the Digital Age: Online Dispute Resolution (On İki Levha 2020) Kaya S, ‘Dispute Prevention and Resolution in Online Shopping’ (2021) 6(10) İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 161
  • Kaya S ve Maviş K, ‘Blokzincir Teknolojilerinin Uyuşmazlık Çözüm Sistemleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Merkezi Olmayan Adalet Sistemi’ (2022) Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 480
  • Leenes R, ‘Privacy Regulation in the Metaverse’ in Brian Whitworth ve Aldo de Moor (eds), Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems (IGI Global 2009)
  • Lince T, ‘OpenSea: How Trademark Infringement is Rampant on the Biggest NFT Marketplace’ (World Trademark Review, January 2022) <https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/opensea-how-trademark-infringement-rampant-the-biggest-nft-marketplace> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Marks&Clerk, ‘Fashion disputes in the Metaverse’ (2023) <https://www.marks-clerk.com/insights/articles/fashion-disputes-in-the-metaverse/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Meta, ‘Hizmet Koşulları’ (2023) <https://tr-tr.facebook.com/terms.php?ref=pf> Erişim tarihi: 26 Ağustos 2023
  • Metaverse market revenue worldwide from 2021 to 2030 (Statista 2023) <https://www.statista.com/statistics/1295784/metaverse-market-size/> Erişim tarihi: 20 Mar 2023
  • Opensea (2023) <https://opensea.io/about> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Rabinovich-Einy O ve Katsh E, ‘Blockchain and the Inevitability of Disputes: The Role for Online Dispute Resolution’, (2019) 2 Journal of Dispute Resolution 114
  • Poritz I ve Lowenkron H, ‘Hermès Defeats MetaBirkins in the First NFT Trademark Trial’, Bloomberg Law (February 2023) <https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/hermes-gets-win-over-metabirkins-in-first-nft-trademark-trial?context=search&index=0&campaign=110787FA-A7C9-11ED-94BE-378742689A38&utm_medium=lawdesk&utm_source=twitter> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Ramos A, ‘The metaverse, NFTs and IP Rights: To Regulate or Not to Regulate’ (Wipo, June 2022) <https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2022/02/article_0002.html> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Roblox, ‘Roblox Terms of Use’ (2023) <https://en.help.roblox.com/hc/en-us/articles/115004647846> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Schmitz A J ve Rule C, ‘Online Dispute Resolution for Smart Contracts’, (2019) 2 Journal of Dispute Resolution 114
  • Second Life, ‘Tilia LLC User Terms of Service’ (2023) <https://www.tilia.io/legal/terms-of-service> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Simmons & Simmons, ‘Meta-Versus: Part 2- a non-exhaustive taxonomy of Metaverse disputes’ (July 2022) <https://www.simmons-simmons.com/en/publications/cl6535f721cyu0e19q5i714oi/meta-versus-part-2---a-non-exhaustive-taxonomy-of-metaverse-disputes> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Szabo N, ‘Smart Contracts’ <https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html> Erişim tarihi: 03 Temmuz 2023.
  • The Sandbox, ‘The Sandbox Terms of Use’ (2023) <https://www.sandbox.game/en/terms-of-use/> Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2023
  • Terzi A, ‘Metaverse Kavramı ve Türkçe Karşılıkları Üzerine’ (2022) Türk Dili <chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.tdk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/%C3%82dem-Terzi-_-METAVERSE-KAVRAMI-VE-T%C3%9CRK%C3%87E-_-6-.pdf> Erişim tarihi: 16 Temmuz 2023
  • Tevetoğlu M, ‘Ethereum ve Akıllı Sözleşmeler’ (2021) 12(1) İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 195 Üstün E S, Akıllı Sözleşmeler: Blokzincir Teknolojisi (Seçkin 2022)
  • Vos G, ‘LawTech, Smart Contracts and Artificial Intelligence’, <https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CHC-speech-LawTech-Smart-Contracts-and-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf> Erişim tarihi: 25 Temmuz 2023
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serkan Kaya

Publication Date October 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: I Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya, S. (2023). SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ. The Boğaziçi Law Review, I(1), 98-114.
AMA Kaya S. SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ. BLR. October 2023;I(1):98-114.
Chicago Kaya, Serkan. “SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ”. The Boğaziçi Law Review I, no. 1 (October 2023): 98-114.
EndNote Kaya S (October 1, 2023) SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ. The Boğaziçi Law Review I 1 98–114.
IEEE S. Kaya, “SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ”, BLR, vol. I, no. 1, pp. 98–114, 2023.
ISNAD Kaya, Serkan. “SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ”. The Boğaziçi Law Review I/1 (October 2023), 98-114.
JAMA Kaya S. SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ. BLR. 2023;I:98–114.
MLA Kaya, Serkan. “SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ”. The Boğaziçi Law Review, vol. I, no. 1, 2023, pp. 98-114.
Vancouver Kaya S. SANAL EVRENDE ORTAYA ÇIKABİLECEK UYUŞMAZLIKLARIN ÇÖZÜMÜ. BLR. 2023;I(1):98-114.