Research Article
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Domestic Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Infants Living in a City Center of Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 150 - 159, 09.07.2018

Abstract

Objective: In this study we aimed to
make electrical and magnetic field measurements in the living spaces of
children.

Method: The possible effects of exposure to electric and
magnetic fields in developing organisms and carcinogenesis have been
extensively discussed. There is no data about childrens exposure to
electromagnetic fields in our country. Measurements in baby’s rooms, who are
under one age and home cared; were performed between January and April 2008 in
two different health districts (Ozkanlar and Bayrakli) in Izmir via home
visits.

Results: A total of 151 babies were included to the
study. Mean electrical field measurements were 6 ± 0,29 V/m and geometrical mean
of magnetic field measurement was 81 nT, with no statistical significant
difference between to districts. Electrical field measurements were below World
Health Organization’ permission limits. Also, magnetic field values were under
the permitted limit of 200 nT but 11.3 of the measurements were above the limits.







Conclusion: The electromagnetic field
measurements obtained in this study seems to be higher than those obtained from
most developed countries. Further studies are needed to enhance public
awareness and decrease exposure in childhood. 

References

  • KAYNAKLAR
  • 1) Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks. SCENIHR Report Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Human Health, 16th plenary of 21 March 2007.
  • 2) The Medical College of Wisconsin (www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerlines-cancer-FAQ/toc.html - 02.01.2009)
  • 3) Polk C, Pstow E (Ed.) Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Boca Raton: CRC. 1998
  • 4) Ke X Q, Sun W J, Lu D Q, Y.T.Fu, H.Chiang. 50-Hz magnetic field induces EGF-receptor clustering and activates RAS. Int J Radiat.Biol 2008;84(5):413-420
  • 5) Frank A.L, Stein L. Nonionising radiation, Maxcy Rosenau-Last, Public Health and Preneventive Medicine, Wallace R B. Ed 14, Stamfort, 1998;526-535
  • 6) Moulder J.E, Power- frequency fields and cancer. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Engineering,1998; 26:100-116
  • 7) Eskelinen T, Keinaenen J, Salonen H, Juutilainen J. Use of Spot Measurements for Assessing Residntial ELF Magnetic Field Exposure: A Validity Study.Bioelectromagnetics, 2002;23:173-176
  • 8) Kaune W.T. Assessing Human Exposure to Power-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. Environmental Health Perspectives Supplement 1993;101:121-133
  • 9) Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Mar;109(3):273-84.
  • 10) Lee GM, Neudra RR, Hristoval L, Yost M, Hiatt RA. A nested case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and miscarriages. Epidemiology 2002; 13:21-31
  • 11) Belanger K, Leaderer B, Hellenbrand K . Spontaneous abortion and exposure to electric blankets and heated water bed. Epidemiology 1998; 9:36-42
  • 12) Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L The use of electric bed heaters and the risk of clinically recognized spontaneous abortion. Epidemiology 2000; 11(4):406-415
  • 13) Blaasaas KG, Tynes T, Lie RT. Risk of selected birth defects by maternal residence close to power lines during pregnancy.Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:174-176
  • 14) Martens L. Electromagnetic Safety of Children Using Wireless Phones: A Literature Review, Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 7, 2005; 133-137
  • 15) Maria F. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Review Non-Cancer EMF Effects Related to Children Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 2005;7:69-74
  • 16) Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards, Biomed Pharmacother., 2008;62:104-109
  • 17) Sobel E, Davabipour Z. Electromagnetic field exposure may cause increased production of amyloid beat and eventually lead to Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1996; 47:1594-1600
  • 18) Moriyama K, Yoshitomi K. Apartment Electrical Wiring: A Cause of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure in Residential Areas. Bioelectromagnetics 2005;26:238-241
  • 19) Havas M, Dirty Electricity Elevates Blood Sugar Among Electrically Sensitive Diabetics and May Explain Brittle Diabetes, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 2008;27:135- 146
  • 20) Jones TL, Shih CH, Thurston DH. Residential wire code associations and implications for case-control study bias. In: Blank M, editor. Electricity and magnetism in biology and medicine. San Francisco Press. San Francisco:1993
  • 21) Gurney JG, Davis S, Schwarz SM. Childhood cancer occurrence in relation to power line configurations: a study of potential selection bias in case-control studies Epidemiology 1995;6:31-35.
  • 22) Swanson J, Kaune W.T. Comparison of residental power-frequency magnetic fields away from appliances in different countries. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20:244-254
  • 23) Zaffanella L. Survey of residential magnetic field sources. EPRI Report TR-102759- V1 1993. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI
  • 24) Draper G, Vincent T, Kroll ME, Swanson J. Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study. BMJ 2005;330;1-5
  • 25) Kabuto M, Nitta H, Yamamato S, Yamaguchi N, Akiba S, Honda Y ve ark. Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in Japan: A case-control study of childhood leukemia and residential power-frequency magnetic fields in Japan, International Journal of Cancer, 2006;119:643-650
  • 26) World Health Organisation (www.who.int/peh-emf/about/WhatisEMF/en/-10.04.2009)
  • 27) Kheifets L, Afifi A, Shimkhada1 R. Public Health Impact of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Environmental Healyh Perspectives 2006; 114:1532-1536
  • 28) Türk Standartları Enstisüsü, Đnsanların Elektromanyetik Alanlara Maruz Kalması- Düsük Frekanslar (0-10 kHz), TS ENV 50166-1/Nisan 1996
  • 29) Yüksek Gerilim Hatlarına ve Diğer faktörlere bağlı düsük frekanslı elektromanyetik kirlilik durumu ve bazı sağlık etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Halk Sağlığı Enstitüsü, Ankara 2001
  • 30) Aral B, Seyhan N. Yasam Alanlarında Trafolar: Maruziyet Ölçüm Değerleri Ve Standartlar. Türk Biyofizik Derneği / 19. Ulusal Biyofizik Kongresi, Konya 2007
  • 31) Fırlarer A, Çam, ST, Özden S, Kursun C, Seyhan N. Yüksek Gerilim Hattı ELF ve EMF Ölçüm Sonuçları: Uluslararası Yaklasımlar, Türkiye’deki Durum Ve Gazi Non iyonizan Radyasyondan Korunma Merkezi’ nin Önerileri Türk Biyofizik Derneği / 19.Ulusal Biyofizik Kongresi, Konya 2007
  • 32) Nilüfer Belediyesi (http://cevre.nilufer.bel.tr/pdf_doc/EMKRaporu2.pdf- 10.04.2009)
  • 33) Evci E.D, Bilgi M.D, Akgör S, Zencirci SG, Ergin F, Beser E. Measurement of selected indoor physical environmental factors in hairdresser salons in a Turkish City; Environ Monit Assess 2007; DOI 10.1007/s10661-007-9637-y

Türkiye’de bir şehir merkezinde yaşayan süt çocuklarında ev içi elektromanyetik alan maruziyeti

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 150 - 159, 09.07.2018

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada çocukların yaşam alanlarında
elektriksel ve manyetik alan ölçümlerinin yapılması amaçlandı.

Yöntem: Elektromanyetik radyasyonun gelişmekte olan
organizma ve karsinogenez üzerindeki etkileri önemli bir araştırma konusudur.
Ülkemizde çocukluk çağında maruziyetle ilgili yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır.
Ocak-Nisan 2008 tarihleri arasında İzmir’de Özkanlar ve Bayraklı olmak üzere
iki ayrı sağlık merkezi bölgesine kayıtlı, evde bakılan bir yaş altındaki tüm
çocuklar çalışmaya alınarak ev ziyaretleriyle bebeğin yattığı odada ölçüm
yapıldı.

Bulgular: Toplam 151 bebeğin alındığı çalışmada tüm
evlerde ortalama elektrik alan düzeyi 6 ± 0,29 V/m, manyetik alan ölçümünün
geometrik ortalaması ise 81 nT saptanmış olup, her iki bölgedeki ölçümler arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Manyetik alan ölçüm sonuçları ile
ölçüm yapılan evlerin trafoya olan uzaklığı arasında ters bir ilişki saptanmış
olup, diğer bağımsız değişkenlerle anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Ölçüm
sonuçlarından elektrik alan ortalaması Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün (DSÖ) izin
verdiği değerler içerisinde bulundu. Manyetik alan ölçümlerinin çoğunluğu da
sınır değer olan 200 nT düzeyinin altında olmakla birlikte %11,3’ü riskli
düzeylerin üzerinde bulundu.







Sonuç: Bu çalışmada elde edilen değerler çoğu gelişmiş
ülkede saptanan değerlerin üst sıralarında gibi görünmektedir. Farkındalığın
artırılması ve çocukluk çağında maruziyetin azaltılması için daha çok çalışma
gerekmektedir.

References

  • KAYNAKLAR
  • 1) Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks. SCENIHR Report Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Human Health, 16th plenary of 21 March 2007.
  • 2) The Medical College of Wisconsin (www.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerlines-cancer-FAQ/toc.html - 02.01.2009)
  • 3) Polk C, Pstow E (Ed.) Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Boca Raton: CRC. 1998
  • 4) Ke X Q, Sun W J, Lu D Q, Y.T.Fu, H.Chiang. 50-Hz magnetic field induces EGF-receptor clustering and activates RAS. Int J Radiat.Biol 2008;84(5):413-420
  • 5) Frank A.L, Stein L. Nonionising radiation, Maxcy Rosenau-Last, Public Health and Preneventive Medicine, Wallace R B. Ed 14, Stamfort, 1998;526-535
  • 6) Moulder J.E, Power- frequency fields and cancer. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Engineering,1998; 26:100-116
  • 7) Eskelinen T, Keinaenen J, Salonen H, Juutilainen J. Use of Spot Measurements for Assessing Residntial ELF Magnetic Field Exposure: A Validity Study.Bioelectromagnetics, 2002;23:173-176
  • 8) Kaune W.T. Assessing Human Exposure to Power-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. Environmental Health Perspectives Supplement 1993;101:121-133
  • 9) Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Mar;109(3):273-84.
  • 10) Lee GM, Neudra RR, Hristoval L, Yost M, Hiatt RA. A nested case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and miscarriages. Epidemiology 2002; 13:21-31
  • 11) Belanger K, Leaderer B, Hellenbrand K . Spontaneous abortion and exposure to electric blankets and heated water bed. Epidemiology 1998; 9:36-42
  • 12) Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L The use of electric bed heaters and the risk of clinically recognized spontaneous abortion. Epidemiology 2000; 11(4):406-415
  • 13) Blaasaas KG, Tynes T, Lie RT. Risk of selected birth defects by maternal residence close to power lines during pregnancy.Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:174-176
  • 14) Martens L. Electromagnetic Safety of Children Using Wireless Phones: A Literature Review, Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 7, 2005; 133-137
  • 15) Maria F. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Review Non-Cancer EMF Effects Related to Children Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 2005;7:69-74
  • 16) Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards, Biomed Pharmacother., 2008;62:104-109
  • 17) Sobel E, Davabipour Z. Electromagnetic field exposure may cause increased production of amyloid beat and eventually lead to Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1996; 47:1594-1600
  • 18) Moriyama K, Yoshitomi K. Apartment Electrical Wiring: A Cause of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure in Residential Areas. Bioelectromagnetics 2005;26:238-241
  • 19) Havas M, Dirty Electricity Elevates Blood Sugar Among Electrically Sensitive Diabetics and May Explain Brittle Diabetes, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 2008;27:135- 146
  • 20) Jones TL, Shih CH, Thurston DH. Residential wire code associations and implications for case-control study bias. In: Blank M, editor. Electricity and magnetism in biology and medicine. San Francisco Press. San Francisco:1993
  • 21) Gurney JG, Davis S, Schwarz SM. Childhood cancer occurrence in relation to power line configurations: a study of potential selection bias in case-control studies Epidemiology 1995;6:31-35.
  • 22) Swanson J, Kaune W.T. Comparison of residental power-frequency magnetic fields away from appliances in different countries. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20:244-254
  • 23) Zaffanella L. Survey of residential magnetic field sources. EPRI Report TR-102759- V1 1993. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI
  • 24) Draper G, Vincent T, Kroll ME, Swanson J. Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study. BMJ 2005;330;1-5
  • 25) Kabuto M, Nitta H, Yamamato S, Yamaguchi N, Akiba S, Honda Y ve ark. Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in Japan: A case-control study of childhood leukemia and residential power-frequency magnetic fields in Japan, International Journal of Cancer, 2006;119:643-650
  • 26) World Health Organisation (www.who.int/peh-emf/about/WhatisEMF/en/-10.04.2009)
  • 27) Kheifets L, Afifi A, Shimkhada1 R. Public Health Impact of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Environmental Healyh Perspectives 2006; 114:1532-1536
  • 28) Türk Standartları Enstisüsü, Đnsanların Elektromanyetik Alanlara Maruz Kalması- Düsük Frekanslar (0-10 kHz), TS ENV 50166-1/Nisan 1996
  • 29) Yüksek Gerilim Hatlarına ve Diğer faktörlere bağlı düsük frekanslı elektromanyetik kirlilik durumu ve bazı sağlık etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Halk Sağlığı Enstitüsü, Ankara 2001
  • 30) Aral B, Seyhan N. Yasam Alanlarında Trafolar: Maruziyet Ölçüm Değerleri Ve Standartlar. Türk Biyofizik Derneği / 19. Ulusal Biyofizik Kongresi, Konya 2007
  • 31) Fırlarer A, Çam, ST, Özden S, Kursun C, Seyhan N. Yüksek Gerilim Hattı ELF ve EMF Ölçüm Sonuçları: Uluslararası Yaklasımlar, Türkiye’deki Durum Ve Gazi Non iyonizan Radyasyondan Korunma Merkezi’ nin Önerileri Türk Biyofizik Derneği / 19.Ulusal Biyofizik Kongresi, Konya 2007
  • 32) Nilüfer Belediyesi (http://cevre.nilufer.bel.tr/pdf_doc/EMKRaporu2.pdf- 10.04.2009)
  • 33) Evci E.D, Bilgi M.D, Akgör S, Zencirci SG, Ergin F, Beser E. Measurement of selected indoor physical environmental factors in hairdresser salons in a Turkish City; Environ Monit Assess 2007; DOI 10.1007/s10661-007-9637-y
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Basak Yildiz Atikan 0000-0002-9617-3963

Mehmet Dinçer Bilgin 0000-0003-0754-0854

Sadık Akşit This is me 0000-0002-4366-0231

Publication Date July 9, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yildiz Atikan, B., Bilgin, M. D., & Akşit, S. (2018). Türkiye’de bir şehir merkezinde yaşayan süt çocuklarında ev içi elektromanyetik alan maruziyeti. Balıkesir Medical Journal, 2(2), 150-159.